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Biostatistics > Midtermsz > Flashcards

Midtermsz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tests applied to data that are normally distributed?

A

Parametric tests

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2
Q

tests expressed in interval and ratio

A

parametric tests

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3
Q

tests that do not require normal distribution

A

non-parametric tests

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4
Q

tests that utilize both nominal and ordinal data

A

non-parametric tests

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5
Q

tests wherein skewness (s^3) = 0

A

parametric tests

skewness or s^3 when = 0 is symmetrical

s^3 < 0 = nega skewed

s^3 > 0 = posi skewed
s^3 = 0 = symmetrical

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6
Q

tests that have a kurtosis (s^4) of not greater than 0.265

A

parametric tests

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7
Q

tests that utilize skewness that is either positive or negative

A

non-parametric tests

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8
Q

What are the 4 parametric tests given sa vid?

A
  • Paired t-test
  • Unpaired t-test
  • Pearson correlation
  • One-way ANOVA

PUPO

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9
Q

4 non-parametric tests

A
  • Wilcoxin Rank sum test
  • Mann-Whitney U test
  • Spearman correlation
  • Kruskal Wallis test

Whoa Man Sex Kayo?

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10
Q

what will you do if computed t-statistics is lesser than critical value?

A

accept null; no significant difference

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11
Q

If p-value calculated is less than or equal to the alpha value, what will you do?

A

reject null hypothesis, accept alternative

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12
Q

If p-value is greater than alpha level, what will u do?

A

accept null, reject alternative

this means data has equal variances

accept null if stats < crit value

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13
Q

what is used to determine if there are significant difference between the means of 3 or more population or sample groups

A

ANOVA; analysis of variance

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14
Q

what parametric test is used if u are testing 3 means to find out if popu groups are related to one another

A

ANOVA

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15
Q

what type of ANOVA do you use if you are handling 1 independent variable among 3 popu groups? what if 2 independent variables

A

1-way ANOVA; 2-way ANOVA

n-way ANOVA depends on the number of ind variables

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16
Q

what is the nonparametric test equivalent of ANOVA?

A

Kruskal Wallis test

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17
Q

what are the 3 types of degrees of freedom?

A

between, within, & total

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18
Q

degrees of freedom characterized by k-1?

A

degrees of freedom between

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19
Q

degrees of freedom characterized by N-k?

A

Degrees of freedom within

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20
Q

degrees of freedom characterized by (k-1)+(N-k)?

A

degrees of freedom total

add between & within

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21
Q

what degrees of freedom is df1 in the f-table?

A

degrees of freedom between

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22
Q

degrees of freedom that is seen as the numerator in the f-table

A

degrees of freedom between

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23
Q

degrees of freedom seen as the denominator in the f-table

A

degrees of freedom within

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24
Q

degrees of freedom that is also known as df2 in the f-table?

A

degrees of freedom within

25
Q

the k in k-1 stands for?

A

the number of experimental groups

26
Q

what do you call the mean of all the gathered data?

A

grand mean

27
Q

formula for sum of squares total

A

∑(value - grand mean)^2

28
Q

formula for sum of squares within

A

∑(value per grp - mean per grp)2

29
Q

formula for sum of squares total

A

SStotal - SS within

30
Q

the variance is also known as the what in ANOVA?

A

mean square

31
Q

formula for mean square between

A

MSb = SSbet/dfbet

32
Q

formula for mean square within

A

MSw = SSwithin/dfwithin

33
Q

formula for mean square within

A

MSw = SSwithin/dfwithin

34
Q

formula for f-statistic

A

MSb/MSw

35
Q

this is what you call the process wherein we compare the variables in the x-axis and the y-axis

A

correlation

36
Q

the degree to which the change in 1 continuous variable is associated with a change in another variable

A

correlation

37
Q

this is where you can describe the strength and direction of an association between variables

A

Correlation

38
Q

this describes how values are near to each other

A

strength

39
Q

if there is equal gap between values, the correlation is said to be?

strong or weak

A

strong

40
Q

what do u call the graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data

A

scatter plot

41
Q

nonlinear correlation is also known as

A

curvilinear

42
Q

this happens when the ratio of change between two variables is not constant

A

nonlinear or curvilinear correlation

43
Q

this is the direction of the graph when the y-value increases as the x-value increases

A

positive

44
Q

direction of the graph when the y-value decreases as the x-value decreases

A

negative

45
Q

this is the statistics that quantify the relation between x and y in free terms

A

Correlation coefficients

46
Q

As statistics reaches near 0 in correlation coefficients, strength is?

greater or lesser

A

lesser

47
Q

If correlation coefficient exceeds 1, what does it imply?

A

there is an error in the computation

48
Q

Identify the relation between variables (interpretation of strength)

0.70 to 1.00

A

Very strong

49
Q

Identify the relation between variables (interpretation of strength)

0.50 to 0.69

A

Substantial

50
Q

Identify the relation between variables (interpretation of strength)

0.30 to 0.49

A

Moderate

51
Q

Identify the relation between variables (interpretation of strength)

0.10 to 0.29

A

Low

52
Q

Identify the relation between variables (interpretation of strength)

0.01 to 0.09

A

Negligible

53
Q

what do you call the follow-up test after conducting ANOVA when there is significant difference?

A

Post Hoc Test

54
Q

This is done when Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted in ANOVA

A

Post Hoc

55
Q

Post Hoc test done when all population groups are the same in size

A

Tukey HSD (Honesty Significant Difference)

56
Q

Post Hoc test that is regarded as the safest option and is chosen regardless of the number of population groups

A

Bonferroni

57
Q

This post hoc test is done in unequal sample groups that has a small population number (n<30)

A

Gabriels

58
Q

post hoc test done in unequal sample grps in a large population (n>30)

A

Hochberg’s GT2

59
Q

we use this post hoc test if there is unequal variances

A

Games-Howell

Biostatistics (1 decks)

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