Midterms - Week Four (Linux File System) Flashcards
What does the File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) define?
Directory structure and directory contents in Unix-like OS
FHS provides a standard for the organization of files and directories.
Where do all files and directories appear in FHS?
Under the root directory (/)
The root directory is the top-level directory in a file system.
What is the purpose of the /root directory?
Root user’s home directory
This is the personal directory for the system administrator.
What type of files are contained in the /bin directory?
Commands that may be used by both the system administrator and by users
These are essential commands for both user and system operations.
What does the /etc directory contain?
Configuration files
A configuration file is a local file used to control the operation of a program.
What is stored in the /boot directory?
Everything required for the boot process except configuration files not needed at boot time and the map installer
This includes the Linux kernel and boot loader files.
What is the purpose of the /lib directory?
Contains shared libraries needed to boot the system and run commands in the root filesystem
These libraries are essential for executing binaries found in /bin and /sbin.
What does /usr represent in the file system?
/usr is sharable, read-only data
This directory is meant to be shared among various FHS compliant hosts.
What is stored in the /var directory?
Variable data files
This includes files that are expected to grow in size, such as logs and spool files.
What does a regular file type (-) represent?
Most common type of files including document, scripts, images, executable etc
Regular files can contain any type of data.
What does a directory file type (d) represent?
Directories are files that list other files
Directories help organize files in the file system.
What is a symbolic link file type (l)?
Files that refer to another file or directory
Symbolic links act as pointers to other files or directories.
What do character device files (c) represent?
Devices that handle data as characters (bytes), e.g., mice, keyboards
These files facilitate input/output operations.
What do block device files (b) correspond to?
Devices that manage data in blocks, such as hard drives and other storage devices
These files allow for efficient data storage and retrieval.
What command shows file permissions?
ls -l new.txt
This command lists detailed information about the file including permissions.
What does the command chmod 777 new.txt do?
Changes file permissions for the owner, group, and others
This grants read, write, and execute permissions to everyone.
