Midterms Vocab Flashcards
innovation
A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof.
bitrate
(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.
latency
Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.
protocol
A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).
Net Neutrality
the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.
IP address
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
packets
Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
DNS
The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
URL
An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).
Heuristic
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
Lossless Compression
a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
image
A type of data used for graphics or pictures.
metadata
is data that describes other data. For example, a digital image my include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.
pixel
short for “picture element” it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.
RGB
the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors.
Lossy Compression
(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg.
Aggregation
a computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Count, Sum, Max, Median, etc.
Pivot table
in most spreadsheet software it is the name of the tool used to create summary tables.
summary table
a table that shows the results of aggregations performed on data from a larger data set, hence a “summary” of larger data. Spreadsheet software typically calls them “pivot tables”.
Algorithm
A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer
abstraction
Pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems.
function
A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again.
API
a collection of commands made available to a programmer
documentation
a description of the behavior of a command, function, library, API, etc.
Library
a collection of commands / functions, typically with a shared purpose
parameter
An extra piece of information that you pass to the function to customize it for a specific need.
For Loop
A particular kind of looping construct provided in many languages. Typically, a for loop defines a counting variable that is checked and incremented on each iteration in order to loop a specific number of times.
Loop
The action of doing something over and over again.
