Midterms Vocab

Question 1

innovation

Answer 1

A novel or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof.

Question 2

bitrate

Answer 2

(sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.

Question 3

latency

Answer 3

Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.

Question 4

protocol

Answer 4

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Question 5

ASCII

Answer 5

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.

Question 6

IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force

Answer 6

develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).

Question 7

Net Neutrality

Answer 7

the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

Question 8

IP address

Answer 8

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

Question 9

packets

Answer 9

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

Question 10

TCP

Answer 10

Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

Question 11

DNS

Answer 11

The service that translates URLs to IP addresses.

Question 12

HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol

Answer 12

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Question 13

URL

Answer 13

An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).

Question 14

Heuristic

Answer 14

a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

Question 15

Lossless Compression

Answer 15

a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Question 16

image

Answer 16

A type of data used for graphics or pictures.

Question 17

metadata

Answer 17

is data that describes other data. For example, a digital image my include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.

Question 18

pixel

Answer 18

short for “picture element” it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Question 19

RGB

Answer 19

the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors.

Question 20

Lossy Compression

Answer 20

(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg.

Question 21

Aggregation

Answer 21

a computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Count, Sum, Max, Median, etc.

Question 22

Pivot table

Answer 22

in most spreadsheet software it is the name of the tool used to create summary tables.

Question 23

summary table

Answer 23

a table that shows the results of aggregations performed on data from a larger data set, hence a “summary” of larger data. Spreadsheet software typically calls them “pivot tables”.

Question 24

Algorithm

Answer 24

A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer

Question 25

abstraction

Answer 25

Pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems.

Question 26

function

Answer 26

A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again.

Question 27

API

Answer 27

a collection of commands made available to a programmer

Question 28

documentation

Answer 28

a description of the behavior of a command, function, library, API, etc.

Question 29

Library

Answer 29

a collection of commands / functions, typically with a shared purpose

Question 30

parameter

Answer 30

An extra piece of information that you pass to the function to customize it for a specific need.

Question 31

For Loop

Answer 31

A particular kind of looping construct provided in many languages. Typically, a for loop defines a counting variable that is checked and incremented on each iteration in order to loop a specific number of times.

Question 32

Loop

Answer 32

The action of doing something over and over again.