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UCSP > Midterms Reviewer > Flashcards

Midterms Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

-group of academic
disciplines that focus on how individuals
behave within society.
-is one of the branches of science,
devoted to the** study of societies** and the
relationships among individuals within
those societiesSocial Sciences

A

Social Sciences

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2
Q

is the systematic study of
humanity, with the goal of
understanding our evolutionary origins,
our distinctiveness as a species, and the
great diversity in our forms of social
existence across the world and through
time.

A

Anthropology

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3
Q

Study of human relationship
and institutions

A

Sociology

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4
Q

is the study of politics
and power from domestic, international,
and comparative perspectives.

A

Political science

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5
Q

is the study of the human
past using material remains.

A

Archeology

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6
Q

studies
humans and what it means to be a
human.

A

Cultural anthropology

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7
Q

Study of the
relationship between language and
culture.

A

Anthropological linguistics

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8
Q

is the study of humans as
cultural beings.

A

Ethnology

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9
Q

is a macrolevel theory that sees society as an
interconnected system with each part
having a different function while still
working together. Functionalists view
society as a system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity and
stability

A

Structural functionalism

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10
Q

focuses on the
competition among groups within
society over limited resources.

A

Conflict theory

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11
Q

views social and
economic institutions as tools of the
struggle among groups or classes, used
to maintain inequality and the
dominance of the ruling class.

A

Conflict theory

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12
Q

sometimes called symbolic interaction perspective,
is a sociology theory that seeks to
understand humans’ relationship with
their society by focusing on the symbols
that help us give meaning to the
experiences in our life.

A

Symbolic interaction theory

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13
Q

Group of people sharing
common identity, culture, territory, and
language who act together for collective
survival and well-being.

A

Society

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14
Q

everything a person learns as a
member of the society. People ways of
living.

A

Culture

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15
Q

Components of culture

A

Tangible and Non-Tangible

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16
Q

all material objects

A

Tangible

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17
Q

belief, norms, tradition etc.

A

Non-Tangible

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18
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

A

Social, Varies, Shared, Learned and Transmitted, Continuous and Cumulative

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19
Q

product of behavior and of the society. Develops through social interaction.

A

Culture is Social

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20
Q

culture is unique to itself due to the fact
that it is a human product.

A

Culture varies from society to society

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21
Q

people in the society shares ideas, activities and artifacts. Transmission is not automatic but largely depends on the willingness of people to give and receive it.

A

Culture is shared

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22
Q

Learned socially rather than biologically.
Handed to generations through generations as a product of enculturation and acculturation.

A

Culture is Learned and Transmitted

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23
Q

Culture exists as a continuous process and it is responsive to the changing world.

A

Culture is continuous and cumulative

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24
Q

practice of comparing
other cultural practices. Finding other
cultural practices to be inferior and their
culture as superior.
“My culture is the best”. “Our family’s
culture is the most important”.

A

Ethnocentrism

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25
Q

Preference for the
foreign cultures. Seeing their culture as
inferior and other’s as superior. “Koreans
culture is so much better that Filipinos
Culture.”

A

Xenocentrism

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26
Q

Idea that all norms,
beliefs and values are dependent of their
cultural context. Practicing diversity. “All
cultures are unique and beautiful”

A

Cultural Relativism

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27
Q

Man was created by God
on the 6th day of creation out of dust

A

Biblical Theory

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28
Q

Tagalog story of
Malakas and Maganda

A

Myths and Legends

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29
Q

Natural selection is the
process through which species adapt to
their environments. It is the engine that
drives evolution. Over time, these
advantageous traits become more
common in the population. Through this
process of natural selection,
favorable traits are transmitted
through generations.

A

Scientific Theory (Natural Selection by
Charles Darwin)

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30
Q

can lead to speciation,
where one species gives rise to a new
and distinctly different species. It is one
of the processes that
drives evolution and helps to explain the
diversity of life on Earth.

A

Natural selection

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31
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT
INITIATED HUMAN EVOLUTION

A

-Continental Drift (Pangaea)
-Climate Change

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32
Q

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT INITIATED
THE EVOLUTION OF MAN

A

-development and enlargement of brain
-development and enlargement of vocal
tract
-improvement of the gripping capacity

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33
Q

first to discover in
African Region. First to exhibit
bipedalism (walking using two feet).

A

Australopithecus

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34
Q

lived 2.4- 1.4 million
years ago. Toolmaker.

A

Homo Habilis

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35
Q

First to travel outside
Africa. First user and maker of fire.

A

Homo Erectus

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36
Q

First known
creator of clothes and ornaments. First
practitioner of burials.

A

Homo Neanderthalensis

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37
Q

During a time of
dramatic climate change 300,000 years
ago, Homo sapiens evolved in Africa.
Anatomically they are the modern
humans who were practicing
industrialization.

A

Homo Sapiens

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38
Q

was a
paleoanthropological fraud in which
bone fragments were presented as the
fossilized remains of a previously ape
and human.

A

Piltdown man

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39
Q

is a
model that attempts to explain the
history of human migration on a global
scale. According to this theory, there
were 3 consecutive waves where Filipino
came from. They are from Negritos,
Indonesians, and Malays.

A

The waves of migration theory

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40
Q

Filipinos
descended from Austronesians (product
of intermarriage between Australoids
and Mongoloids), who first interacted
within the present-day ASEAN region
and spread throughout the region
through maritime travel.

A

Austronesian Theory

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41
Q

First man in Philippines.
Was discovered at Callao cave, Cagayan
on 2007

A

Callao Man

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42
Q

discovered at Tabon Cave,
Palawan and said to be 30,000 years old

A

Tabon Man

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43
Q

tools
were small and handy as well as their
arts. Accessories are limited to personal
collections. Their subsistence is foraging.

A

Paleolithic Period (old stone age)

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44
Q

wider
and bigger tools. Subsistence is
agriculture.

A

Neolithic Period (new stone age)

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45
Q

the process whereby an
individual learns to adjust to a group (or
society) and behave in a manner
approved by the group (or society).
According to most social scientists,
socialization essentially represents the
whole process of learning throughout
the life course and is a central influence
on the behaviour, beliefs, and actions of
adults as well as of children.

A

Socialization

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46
Q

is a first culture learning
process, wherein a person understands
and internalizes the native culture. It
makes an individual aware of his roles,
position and functions in society.

A

Enculturation

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47
Q

is the second culture
learning process wherein an individual
learns other’s cultures and modifies the
culture he/she practices.

A

Acculturation

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48
Q

is important for easily
adapting oneself to the foreign
environment. Due to this reason,
acculturation can be seen among the
people who are far from their native
places.

A

Acculturation

49
Q

is the position of an individual in
relation to another or others, especially
in regard to social or professional
standing.

A

Status

50
Q

is beyond an individual’s
control. It is not earned, but rather is
something people are either born with or
had no control over. Examples of
ascribed status include sex, race, and
age. Children usually have more ascribed
statuses than adults, since they do not
usually have a choice in most matters.

A

Ascribed Status

51
Q

on the other hand, is
one that is acquired on the basis of merit;
it is a position that is earned or chosen
and reflects a person’s skills, abilities,
and efforts. Being a professional athlete,
for example, is an achieved status, as is
being a lawyer, college professor, or
even a criminal.

A

Achieved Status

52
Q

people find themselves
pulled in various directions as they try to
respond to the many statuses they hold.

A

Role conflict

53
Q

refers to the stress an
individual faces when failing to meet the
expectations of specific social role. You
cannot balance your role as a studentathlete.

A

Role strain

54
Q

When an individual stops
engaging in a role previously central to
their identity and begins the process of
establishing a new identity.

A

Role exit

55
Q

the process whereby
people change their beliefs, attitudes,
actions, or perceptions to more closely
match those held by groups to which
they belong or want to belong or by
groups whose approval they desire.

A

Conformity

56
Q

is any behavior that violates
social norms, and is usually of sufficient
severity to warrant disapproval from the
majority of society.

A

Deviance

57
Q

proposes that people’s
relationships, commitments, values,
norms, and beliefs encourage them not
to break the law.

A

Social control

58
Q

unit of people who interact with
some regularity and identify themselves
as a unit. Collection of people interacting
together in an orderly way on the basis
of shared expectations.

A

Group

59
Q

Dyad (2 people) and Triad
(3 people)

A

Small Group

60
Q

Groups according to membership

A

Ingroup VS. Out-group

60
Q

Groups according to influence

A

primary and secondary group

61
Q

considered as an ideal

A

Reference Group

62
Q

Group-think and Social Loafing/ Free-riding

A

Group Dynamics

63
Q

an approach that proposes a specific way
to manage an organization. It proposes
that the most appropriate way to run an
organization is to structure it into a rigid
hierarchy of individuals governed by
strict rules and regulations.

A

BUREAUCRATIC
ORGANIZATIONAL
MODEL

64
Q

Karl Marx argued that
capitalists use bureaucracies to exploit
the working class. Marx predicted that
bureaucracies would eventually
disappear in a communist (classless)
society, and that collectivist
organizations model, in which
supervisors and workers function as
equals for equal wages, would replace
the bureaucracies.

A

COLLECTIVIST ORGANIZATION

65
Q

refers to small and highly
relational communities, like agrarian
societies. These are typically rural
communities that are very traditional
and very family and communityoriented.

A

Gemeinschaft

66
Q

means “society.” This term
refers to modern, usually urban societies
in which people are more relationally
isolated from one another than in
traditional, Gemeinschaft communities.
An example of Gesellschaft is any large,
modern, urban society like New York
City. People live very close together
regarding physical distance but live their
lives are isolated from the millions of
people around them.

A

Gesellschaft

67
Q

Branches of Anthropology

A

Physical and Cultural

68
Q

Also known as biological anthropology

A

PHYSICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY

69
Q

Concerned how:
Humans emerged and evolved through time
Human beings differ biologically

A

PHYSICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY

70
Q

Concerned with the differences in culture from time to time

A

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

71
Q

study of past cultures through material remains

A

Archaeology

72
Q

study of present cultures

A

Ethnology

72
Q

study of the difference of languages
among cultures and how it is constructed

A

Anthropological Linguistics

73
Q

BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

A

Political Theory
Comparative Politics
International Relations
Public Administration

73
Q

application of political ideas and concepts for
answering political phenomena.

A

Political Theory

74
Q

study of context of different political and
government systems

A

Comparative Politics

75
Q

study of various administrative schemes
implemented by the government

A

Public Administration

76
Q

study of political interactions between state
and non-state actors

A

International Relations

77
Q

Society as a system with parts and functions

A

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM

78
Q

Proponent of STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM

A

DURKHEIM/WEBER

78
Q

Proponent of SYMBOLIC-INTERACTION

A

COOLEY/MEAD

78
Q

Society is constructed in favor of the powerful/wealthy over the powerless/poor.

A

CONFLICT THEORY

79
Q

Social interactions are governed by shared and co-created meanings made by the social actors in every interaction

A

SYMBOLIC-INTERACTION

80
Q

Proponent of CONFLICT THEORY

A

Marx

81
Q

Refers to is disciplines that study human interactions.

A

Social Science

81
Q

Physics, Chemistry, Biology are example of this.

A

Natural Science

82
Q

A Theoretical Perspective in Sociology: The Shared meanings are lodged on objects, events, and persons and are seen as symbols, the interpretation of which shape and influence the emerging interactions.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

83
Q

Humans emerged and evolved through time.

A

Physical Anthropology

83
Q

It is the study of past cultures through material remains.

A

Archaeology

84
Q

Study of context of different political and government systems.

A

Comparative Politics

85
Q

Application of political ideas and concepts for answering political phenomena.

A

Political Theory

86
Q

It is the study of various administrative schemes implemented by the government.

A

Public Administration

87
Q

Political Science deals with the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior.

A

True

88
Q

Society as full of tensions and struggles between groups and individuals.

A

Conflict Theory

89
Q

It is the scientific study of society and the behavior of people in the society.

A

Sociology

90
Q

Conflict Theory is made by Karl Marx.

A

True

90
Q

Refers to is disciplines that study human interactions.

A

Social Science

91
Q

The relationship between a housing complex owner and a tenant as being based mainly on conflict instead of balance or harmony, even though there may be more harmony than conflict. This is an example of conflict theory.

A

True

92
Q

Society is made possible by cooperation and interdependence as it views itself as a system with parts that have respective functions to perform.

A

True

93
Q

A Characteristic of Culture: Various members of a society commonly share ideas, activities and artifacts, making it socially and conventionally standardized.

A

Culture is Shared

94
Q

Fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange.

A

Xenophobia

95
Q

A Theoretical Perspective in Sociology: The health of the system is defined by the parts performing their assigned tasks and working in coordination with other parts of the system

A

Structural Functionalism

96
Q
A
97
Q
A
97
Q

Functions of Culture: Culture provides the individual with a ready-made view of the universe.

A

Defines Myths, Legends and Supernatural

98
Q
A
99
Q
A
100
Q
A
101
Q
A
102
Q
A
103
Q
A
104
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A
107
Q
A
107
Q
A
108
Q
A

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