Midterms Postpartum Complications Flashcards
6-week period after birth
Postpartum Period
Retrogressive maternal changes
Involution of the uterus and vagina
Progressive maternal changes
- Production of milk
- Restoration of the menstrual cycle
How much blood loss in postpartum hermorrhage after VAGINAL BIRTH?
500ml or more of blood
How much blood loss in postpartum hermorrhage after CESAREAN BIRTH?
1000ml or more
Classifications of Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
Early (acute or primary)
- occurs within 24 hours of birth
Late (secondary)
- occurs more than 24 hours but less than 6 weeks postpartum
What does it suggest if there’s Spurts of blood with clots?
It may indicate partial placental separation.
What does it suggest if Failure of blood to clot or remain clotted?
It indicates coagulopathy
This is the Marked hypotonia of the uterus.
Uterine Atony
These are Lacerations of the cervix, vagina and perineum.
LACERATIONS OF THE GENITAL TRACT
What does it suggest if there’s Dark blood in lacerations?
probably of venous origin, varices, or superficial lacerations of the birth canal.
What does it suggest if there’s bright blood in lacerations?
arterial; indicates deep lacerations of the cervix
Classifications : Lacerations of the perineum
- First degree - vaginal mucous membrane and skin of the perineum to the fourchette
- Second degree- vagina, perineal skin , fascia, levator ani muscle, perineal body
- Third degree - entire perineum, externals phincter of the rectum
- Fourthdegree - entire perineum, rectal sphincter, mucous membrane of the rectum
Why bleeding occurs when there’s a retained placenta?
- The retained parts keep the uterus from contracting fully.!
- Uterine fundus is not firm.
- Can be detected through UTZ and serum HCG levels.
Coagulopathies is assessed when laboratory results:
Increased prothrombin time & partial thromboplastin time
o Decreased platelet
o Decreased fibrinogen
o Prolonged bleeding time
pathologic form of clotting that diffuses and consumes large amounts of clotting factors
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
formation of a blood clot or clots inside a blood vessel
Thrombosis
True or false? Symptoms of Thrombosis vary based on the clot’s location.
True
Type of Thrombosis
Arterial thrombosis
- blood clots form in an artery o arteries (carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body)
- the most common cause of heart attacks and strokes.
Venous thrombosis
- blood clots form in a veins (carry blood back to your heart from your body)
- the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in your lung).
vein inflammation: pain and swelling occur when a blood clot forms in one of your veins.
Thrombophlebitis
Types of Thrombophlebitis
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- blood clots happen in major veins, usually in one of the legs.
- swelling, pain, redness, warmth, shiny, red, or white (phlegmasia alba dolens)
- Homans’ sign (+), unilateral o discomfort on dorsiflexion
Pelvic
- late, when ovarian, uterine, or hypogastric veins
any clinical infection of the genital canal
occurs within 28 days after miscarriage,
abortion, or childbirth.
Puerperal infection
Common Postpartum Infections
Endometritis
o Wound infections
o Mastitis
o Urinary tract infections
o Respiratory tract infections
An infection of the lining of the uterus.
Endometritis
