MIDTERMS MOD 5 Flashcards
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PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES (AADD,D/CV,DT,E,F,G,II,J,P,P,S,S,TNH)
AGE
ALTITUDE
DEHYDRATION
DIET
DIURNAL/CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS
DRUG THERAPY
EXERCISE
FEVER
GENDER
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
JAUNDICE
POSITION
PREGNANCY
SMOKING
STRESS
TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY
this refers to the resting metabolic state of the body
early in the morning after fasting for approximately 12 hours.
Basal state
this refers to values which patient results are compared to
Reference range
is ideal for establishing reference ranges on
inpatients because the effects of diet, exercise, and other
controllable factors on test results are minimized or eliminated.
Basal state
Basal state is influenced by a number of physiologic patient
variables which are ……
o Age
o Gender
o Conditions of the body that cannot be eliminated
Example of analytes affected by high altitude (both increase and decrease levels)
Increased levels
o RBC count
o Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels
o Uric acid
Decreased levels
o Urinary creatinine
o Plasma renin
T or F
Analytes generally take weeks to adapt to high elevations/altitude; however, they adapt does not return to sea level within days.
F
a condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the
bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume.
hemoconcentration,
the decrease in body fluid
Dehydration
T or F
Dehydration may happen with persistent vomiting or diarrhea
T
Example of analytes that increase during dehydration
o RBC
o Enzyme
o Iron
o Calcium
o Sodium
o Coagulation factors (clotting factors)
these analyte levels may be elevated in patients on high-protein diets
ammonia, urea, uric acid
these analyte levels may be elevated in caffeine
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ADTH) , Cortisol
these analyte levels increase dramatically with the ingestion of carbohydrates or sugar-laden substances
Glucose (blood sugar)
Glucose (blood sugar) levels increase dramatically with the ingestion of carbohydrates or sugar-laden substances but return to normal within __________ if the patient has normal glucose metabolism.
2 hours
T or F
Eating carbohydrates can also increase insulin levels.
T
these analyte levels can decrease and electrolyte balance can be altered by drinking excessive amounts of water and other fluids (dilutional effect).
Hemoglobin
Fasting:
- Strictly no ingestion of food for approximately ________________
8-12 hours overnight
T or F
drinking of water is allowed for some fasting patients, patients who were advised not to drink water
T
(NPO: _________, meaning nothing by mouth)
“nil per os”
OVERFASTING:
fasting beyond _________
12 hours
T or F
patients who fasted beyond 12 hours will not be accepted for testing that requires fasting.
T
these analyte levels increase with the ingestion of foods such as butter or margarine, cheese, cream, and some enteral (tube feeding) preparations.
Lipid
Lipid is a term meaning ______
fat-soluble
Lipids do not dissolve in water and thus high levels of lipids are visible in serum or plasma,
causing it to appear milky (cloudy white) or turbid, and the specimen is described as being ____________
lipemic.
Lipemia can be present for up to _______ which is why accurate testing of _________ (a type of lipid) requires a __________ fast.
12 hours, triglycerides 12-hour
ingestion of large amounts of alcohol, which can also cause ________
(low blood sugar).
hypoglycemia