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Mass Communications and Canadian Society > Midterms, March 21, 2018 > Flashcards

Midterms, March 21, 2018 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does CRTC stand for and what are they?

A

Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission. They are the public media regulators for daily consumption.

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2
Q

The unique Canadian policy that assists Canadian broadcasters that have purchased the rights to American shows is called

A

Simultaneous Substitution

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3
Q

Supporters of Sim Sub say:

A

It protects Canadian investment and creates jobs in the industry

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4
Q

Opponents of Sim Sub say

A

It encourages canadian tv to offer american programming - double dipping

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5
Q

Example of sim sub

A

may watch tv on fox but get ctv ads

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6
Q

3 key signifiers of Sim Sub (P.F. A.T)

A
  1. Popular American programming is the source of income for private Canadian broadcasters
  2. Protects Canadian broadcasting from foreign ownership
  3. Sim sub operates on an analogue model (strict scheduling, local rights)
  4. New tech challenges established business structure
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7
Q

RP CO MT DA SI stands for (R.P. C.O. M.T. D.A. S.I)

A

Media Shock:

  1. Rapidness
  2. Permeating
  3. Customize
  4. Ownership
  5. Medium
  6. Traditional Media
  7. Dominating
  8. Access
  9. Social Media
  10. Information
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8
Q

4 reasons for filming in Canada (S.A. C.I)

A
  1. Need of a story
  2. Easeof access to locations
  3. Skills and labour costs
  4. Incentives/Financing
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9
Q

When a group feels they share something that makes us a part of a larger whole with others

A

Imagined political community

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10
Q

Who said that it doesn’t matter that we are filled with american culture, but it doesn’t matter since we still have a country that is highly american?

A

Fletcher

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11
Q

The third language law is part of what document?

A

The broadcasting act

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12
Q

The third language act essentially states

A

that television channel selection must reflect Canada’s multicultural and multiracial values and circumstances

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13
Q

Under the third languages act, what power does the CRTC have toward channel content?

A

By law, they can tell Bell and Shaw (BDUs) that they must carry specific channels.

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14
Q

How does Quebec see communication systems differently than the rest of Canada?

A

It sees it as a culture rather than an industry

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15
Q

APTN is

A

Aboriginal People’s Television Network

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16
Q

In what year was there the mandatory carriage of first nations channels?

A

1999

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17
Q

Who said the fur trade was Canada’s first form of communications?

A

Harold Innis

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18
Q

Benedict Anderson spoke of

A

the imagined community

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19
Q

Maurice Charlond spoke of

A

Technological Nationalism

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20
Q

Who spoke of the monopoly of knowledge?

A

Harold Innis

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21
Q

Who spoke of time/space biased media?

A

Harold Innis

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22
Q

Who spoke of the audience commodity?

A

Dallas Smythe

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23
Q

Who argues that democracy needs to be continuously fought for ?

A

David Taras

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24
Q

Taras argues that Canadian media is more than transmission, but…

A

an instrument of nation and citizen building

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25
Q

Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied for

A

Canadian Public Radio via Canadian Radio League

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26
Q

The article that discusses the journey of the Canadian Radio League and Public Broadcasting was:

A

Knowlton Nash’s “The Dream of National Public Radio”

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27
Q

The goal of the Canadian Radio League was:

A

For Prime Minister Bennett to implement principles under the Aird Report, making radio a public service instead of only an ad medium

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28
Q

Who demanded that all direct advertising should be eliminated from broadcasting?

A

Graham Spry

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29
Q

Who said broadcasting is the greatest instrument to Canadianizing?

A

Graham Spry

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30
Q

In what year did the Privy council rule Canadian broadcasting as a federal jurisdiction?

A

1932

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31
Q

Who said “The state or the united states?”

A

Spry

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32
Q

The purpose of the Aird report was:

A

To determine how radio broadcasting in Canada could most effectively be carried out under the interests of Canadian citizens

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33
Q

The Aird report found that canadian listeners wanted

A

Canadian Broadcasting

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34
Q

Aird report said that the broadcasting potential included

A

Education at a larger scale, information for national interest

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35
Q

Concerns of Aird report

A

That outside sources of information for broadcasting would mould young minds into not being Canadian

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36
Q

The main suggestion for the operation of broadcasting by the aIrd report was

A

To establish and operate stations via provincial governments

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37
Q

5 components of a nation (I.A. A.R. C.)

A
  1. Identification with symbols and ritual practices
  2. Acceptance of common rules
  3. Mutual aid
  4. Mutual Respect
  5. Authentic Communication
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38
Q

Who said that Canada emerged as a political entity with boundaries largely determined by the fur trade.

A

Harold Innis

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39
Q

4 Lessons from the Fur Trade (P.G. S.N)

A
  1. Real business power centralized in east, with products increasingly from the west
  2. Gov’t played a key role in industry
  3. Canada is an economy of staples
  4. Canada has a different relationship with natives vs. the US
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40
Q

How is Canada a technological state, according to Maurice Charland?

A

IT is an economic unit predicated upon transportation and communications technology.

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41
Q

Who demonstrated transmission and reception of radio waves over the 1.5 mile path in 1895

A

Guglielmo Marconi

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42
Q

Who successfully transmitted speech over a 1 mile distance in 1900

A

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden

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43
Q

Who invented the electrolytic detector?

A

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden

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44
Q

electrolytic detector is

A

an early diode: allowed for flow of electricity

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45
Q

a signal processor that forms the core of almost all modern radio receivers is called a

A

heterodyne principle

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46
Q

Who invented the radio compass?

A

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden

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47
Q

Who invented the plug in radio?

A

Ted Rogers Sr.

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48
Q

Who bought one of the first FM radio stations?

A

Ted Rogers Jr.

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49
Q

Who was the father of the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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50
Q

How was the post office service different in Canada compared to the US?

A

It cost more money to send newspapers in canada as the us had discount rates

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51
Q

What event can be considered the birth of mass media in canada?

A

Canada Day 1927: Half the population of Canada listened to the same radio broadcast together simultaneously

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52
Q

4 reasons to regulate mass broadcasting (P.I.P.I)

A
  1. Pervasiveness
  2. Invasiveness
  3. Publicness
  4. Influence
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53
Q

Early U.S Radio broadcast systems were designed to

A

sell radios, not as a public service

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54
Q

How many channels are available in 21st century canadian tv

A

600

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55
Q

3 types of channels in canada (C.P.S)

A
  1. Conventional
  2. Pay
  3. Specialty
56
Q

3 types of broadcasting distribution undertakings (BDU) (C.D.I)

A
  1. Cable
  2. Direct to home satellite
  3. IPTV
57
Q

Where does the Canadian Media Fund receive its money

A

From cable and satellite providers

58
Q

The Canadian Television Network was the earlier version of

A

CTV

59
Q

The Broadcasting Act says that private networks and programs should consist with… (C.R)

A
  1. Contributing to creation and presentation of Canadian programming
  2. Be responsive to evolving demands of public
60
Q

When was Canada considered the most cabled country in the world?

A

1980s

61
Q

What happened in the 2015 Canadian Leaders Debate?

A

It was not carried by any major broadcaster

62
Q

3 Challenges posed by netflix (T.N.I)

A
  1. Traditional media policy breached
  2. Concerns in privacy and net neutrality from new media
  3. Individual experience is the new focus instead of community
63
Q

how does Broadband TV get their revenue?

A

By working with Youtube channel owners, providing ad sales, admin help, creativity tools, etc.

64
Q

The purpose of the CRTC let’s talk tv was

A

to have a conversation with Canadians on the future of thier TV system and how it can adapt to evolving technology

65
Q

The Creative Canada PLan 2017 aims to (B.C. F.C)

A
  1. Boost Canadian Media Fund
  2. Spend $125 M on Creative Export Strategy
  3. Update funding programs
  4. Emphasize copyrights act for creators
66
Q

CBC stands for

A

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

67
Q

How does neoliberalism threaten the CBC

A

Alters how Canadians view the role of it

68
Q

The main argument coming from Decillia and McCurdy is

A

Academic ideals of public broadcasting services are not adequately informing public discourse

69
Q

Which two authors see the CBC as an essential instrument of national culture, civic engagement and public life?

A

Raboy and Taras

70
Q

Who wrote about the “media policy agreement”?

A

Brevini

71
Q

The set of normative values that aims to fulfil the democratic, social and cultural needs of a society is called the

A

media policy agreement

72
Q

A good media policy agreement should:

A

empower citizens to take action in civic affairs, promote expression and dialogue. But it should also acknowledge changes in the communications environment

73
Q

3 notions of neoliberalist view of public discourse (F:MSC)

A
  1. Free Market
  2. Free Speech
  3. Free Choice
74
Q

Neoliberalism has a hegemonic character in that it

A

is hegemonic and ideological

75
Q

The hegemony of neoliberalism is in that it seejs to

A

bring all human action into the domain of the market

76
Q

Foucault says that hegemonic reality reduces…

A

the complexity of the world to spaces of potential competition that need to be organized as markets. This blocks other narratives from view.

77
Q

The ideal model for public service in the view of neoliberalism is

A

the market model

78
Q

Who said “Neoliberalism’s rationality and values are acriss all spheres and action, composing everything and everyone into agents of the market”

A

Brown

79
Q

Cuts to CBC funding have been happening since

A

1984

80
Q

2/3 of media samples conducted in Decillia and McCurdy’s study talked about the CBC as

A

Doubtful and instable

81
Q

Decillia and McCurdy’s “The Sound of Silence” shows a lack of what in the discourse surrounding the CBC

A

Lack of connecting CBC to a public service

82
Q

Compared to other western countries funding to public tv broadcasting services, Canada ranks as…

A

the third lowest in funding

83
Q

Two neoliberalist values that the CBC has adopted in the past

A

Efficiency and Accountability

84
Q

The media outlet that is the most negative about the CBC is

A

Sun Media

85
Q

Sun Media’s ideology is primarily

A

neoliberal

86
Q

CBC is known to have an obsession with

A

Ratings

87
Q

Though the CBC has a national role, it is failing to

A

attract large audiences

88
Q

Arm’s Length means:

A

An agreement made by 2 parties freely and independently without a special relationship

89
Q

What is the different between public and state broadcasting?

A

Public broadcasting is funded either indirectly or directly by state but has not editorial control from the state. State broadcasting is fully controlled and edited by the state.

90
Q

What is social capital?

A

Networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function properly

91
Q

The federal govt of canada has decided to increase funding of CBC by how much?

A

$675 mil

92
Q

Benedetta Brivini’s 4 principles to maintain democratic/cultural potential of public service in an online world: (C.U. Q.T)

A
  1. Citizenship
  2. Universality
  3. Quality
  4. Trust
93
Q

8 Broadcasting principles for CBC (P.R. E.L. E.C. A.M)

A
  1. Be predominantly Canadian
  2. Reflect needs of regions
  3. Actively contribute to flow of expression
  4. Be in English and French
  5. Equal quality between english and french
  6. Contribute to shared national conscious
  7. Efficiently available throughout Canada
  8. Reflect multicultural nature of Canada
94
Q

CBC is seen as a political football becasue

A

the CEO/President is appointed by the prime minister office

95
Q

5 aspects of the new CBC (F.D. M.F. F)

A
  1. Focused
  2. Digital
  3. Multiplatform
  4. Flexible
  5. Financially Stavle
96
Q

CBC has recently announced what for their TV app?

A

$4.99 ad free streaming!

97
Q

Taras explains that journalism is framed to be more what?

A

Sensational and episodic, rather than informative to citizens

98
Q

The for/against format of journalism was discussed by

A

Taras

99
Q

Media reporting is said by Taras to be in an echo chamber because…

A

The boundaires of information are set by politicians

100
Q

Who described the public sphere is being “a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed”?

A

Jurgan Habermas

101
Q

Public sphere mediates

A

the society and the state

102
Q

Edmund Burke’s 4 estates (C.N. C.J)

A
  1. Clergy
  2. Nobility
  3. Commoners
  4. Journalists
103
Q

The statement “congress may make no laws establishing a religion, prohbition of free exercise…” was found in what document

A

The U.S Constitution’s First Amendment

104
Q

What is triangulation?

A

The movement of information from

  1. Political institutions and actors
  2. To political communications
  3. Which is then split to either the citizens or the media
105
Q

The main idea and argument by Christopher Waddel in Berry’d Alive is that

A

Journalism’s tendency to broaden to a national focus harms our local link to political events

106
Q

Convergence

A

Bringing together national and local coverage

107
Q

4 problems with online convergence (S.I. I.E)

A
  1. Same person filing for the sites on the same day
  2. Irregular “instant research”
  3. No time for independent assessment of issues involving a story
  4. Easier/faster to rely on politicians comments
108
Q

Who said that the media is producing inward, narrow focussed political coverage on issues determined by parties?

A

Waddell

109
Q

The Canadian Media Concentration Research Project examines…

A

Media development over the past 32 years

110
Q

The Network Media Economy is

A

The economics of mobile, wireless, internet access, TV, etc.

111
Q

3 categories of the network media economy (N.C.I)

A
  1. Network media (mobile, wireless, broadband)
  2. Content Media (TV, newspapers, magazines)
  3. Internet Media (Ads, search, news sources)
112
Q

Different network media, once examined, is organized by the CMCRP into what groups? (G.S. D.R)

A
  1. Growth
  2. Stagnation
  3. Decline
  4. Recovery
113
Q

The Big 5 in Canada are (B.R. S.Q T)

A
  1. Bell
  2. Rogers
  3. Shaw
  4. Quebecor
  5. Telus
114
Q

Who spoke about the monopolies of knowledge?

A

Harold Innis

115
Q

Eli Noam talked about

A

How the increase in media concentration means greater economic power

116
Q

The CRTC should work to

A

ensure system provides canadians with greatest possibility of diverse voices

117
Q

3 results about the network media economy (F.B.P)

A
  1. 4x the size between 1984 and 2016
  2. Bandwidth is more important than content
  3. Platforms are stronger that content
118
Q

Taras said the printing press allowed for

A

democracy and decentralizaton of knowledge

119
Q

What is the word for something like a monopoly, but where 2 firms are controlling the market?

A

Oligopoly

120
Q

Vertical integration media

A

Merging of 2 businesses that are at different stages of production

121
Q

Horizontal Integrating Media

A

Merging of businesses at same stage of production

122
Q

According to Raboy, the freedom of expression in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is not the same as

A

communications rights

123
Q

What is article 19

A

the minimum internationally accepted stanard for freedom, advocating media freedom from government interference

124
Q

What does Canadian law fail to provide in terms of freedom of expression?

A

Security and enforcement laws for journalists

125
Q

Why is broadcasting regulated but the press isn’t?

A

Becuase the writing of broadcasting act embodies the values and rights of canadians, as well as the obligations of broadcasters.

126
Q

Who is the referee of broadcast freedoms, but not the judge?

A

Canadian Broadcast Standards Council

127
Q

Who brought up that the homophobic freedoms of the westboro baptist church is protected by U.S First Ammendment?

A

Neil Macdonald

128
Q

David Butt says Canada embodies compromise by

A

walking between two extremes of censorship

129
Q

7 conditions of hate speech (G.I. P.D. E.C. A)

A
  1. Must be most severe of genre
  2. Must target identifiable group
  3. Must be public
  4. Must be deliberate
  5. Anything that is considered of good faith or religious doctrine, public interest or sarcasm is excluded
  6. Must be contextually hateful
  7. Needs approval by an attorney
130
Q

How is Canadian TV protected and coddles? (3) (P.F.50)

A
  1. Provinces put a ton of money into production to ensure no pain
  2. There is no foreign ownership
  3. 50% of evening programs is Canadian
131
Q

2 advertising rules in Canada for channels (C.S)

A
  1. Conventional channels have no limits to ads

2. Specialty channels have a max of 12 min per hour of ads

132
Q

3 sources of Canadian TV production funding (M.I.T)

A
  1. Canadian Media Fund
  2. Independent Protection Fund
  3. Tangible benefits
133
Q

What is tangible benefits?

A

When transferring ownership or control over commercial tv, 10% goes to the Canadian Media Fund, as determined by the CRTC

134
Q

What is considered work to Dallas Smythe?

A

doing something creative and distinctively human

135
Q

What is free lunch

A

the programs we watch when we are not working by watching commercials

136
Q

Taras main concern with the shift to individual central media is

A

where we will get a sense of community

Mass Communications and Canadian Society (1 decks)

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