Midterms, March 21, 2018 Flashcards
What does CRTC stand for and what are they?
Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission. They are the public media regulators for daily consumption.
The unique Canadian policy that assists Canadian broadcasters that have purchased the rights to American shows is called
Simultaneous Substitution
Supporters of Sim Sub say:
It protects Canadian investment and creates jobs in the industry
Opponents of Sim Sub say
It encourages canadian tv to offer american programming - double dipping
Example of sim sub
may watch tv on fox but get ctv ads
3 key signifiers of Sim Sub (P.F. A.T)
- Popular American programming is the source of income for private Canadian broadcasters
- Protects Canadian broadcasting from foreign ownership
- Sim sub operates on an analogue model (strict scheduling, local rights)
- New tech challenges established business structure
RP CO MT DA SI stands for (R.P. C.O. M.T. D.A. S.I)
Media Shock:
- Rapidness
- Permeating
- Customize
- Ownership
- Medium
- Traditional Media
- Dominating
- Access
- Social Media
- Information
4 reasons for filming in Canada (S.A. C.I)
- Need of a story
- Easeof access to locations
- Skills and labour costs
- Incentives/Financing
When a group feels they share something that makes us a part of a larger whole with others
Imagined political community
Who said that it doesn’t matter that we are filled with american culture, but it doesn’t matter since we still have a country that is highly american?
Fletcher
The third language law is part of what document?
The broadcasting act
The third language act essentially states
that television channel selection must reflect Canada’s multicultural and multiracial values and circumstances
Under the third languages act, what power does the CRTC have toward channel content?
By law, they can tell Bell and Shaw (BDUs) that they must carry specific channels.
How does Quebec see communication systems differently than the rest of Canada?
It sees it as a culture rather than an industry
APTN is
Aboriginal People’s Television Network
In what year was there the mandatory carriage of first nations channels?
1999
Who said the fur trade was Canada’s first form of communications?
Harold Innis
Benedict Anderson spoke of
the imagined community
Maurice Charlond spoke of
Technological Nationalism
Who spoke of the monopoly of knowledge?
Harold Innis
Who spoke of time/space biased media?
Harold Innis
Who spoke of the audience commodity?
Dallas Smythe
Who argues that democracy needs to be continuously fought for ?
David Taras
Taras argues that Canadian media is more than transmission, but…
an instrument of nation and citizen building
Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied for
Canadian Public Radio via Canadian Radio League
The article that discusses the journey of the Canadian Radio League and Public Broadcasting was:
Knowlton Nash’s “The Dream of National Public Radio”
The goal of the Canadian Radio League was:
For Prime Minister Bennett to implement principles under the Aird Report, making radio a public service instead of only an ad medium
Who demanded that all direct advertising should be eliminated from broadcasting?
Graham Spry
Who said broadcasting is the greatest instrument to Canadianizing?
Graham Spry
In what year did the Privy council rule Canadian broadcasting as a federal jurisdiction?
1932
Who said “The state or the united states?”
Spry
The purpose of the Aird report was:
To determine how radio broadcasting in Canada could most effectively be carried out under the interests of Canadian citizens
The Aird report found that canadian listeners wanted
Canadian Broadcasting
Aird report said that the broadcasting potential included
Education at a larger scale, information for national interest
Concerns of Aird report
That outside sources of information for broadcasting would mould young minds into not being Canadian
The main suggestion for the operation of broadcasting by the aIrd report was
To establish and operate stations via provincial governments
5 components of a nation (I.A. A.R. C.)
- Identification with symbols and ritual practices
- Acceptance of common rules
- Mutual aid
- Mutual Respect
- Authentic Communication
Who said that Canada emerged as a political entity with boundaries largely determined by the fur trade.
Harold Innis
4 Lessons from the Fur Trade (P.G. S.N)
- Real business power centralized in east, with products increasingly from the west
- Gov’t played a key role in industry
- Canada is an economy of staples
- Canada has a different relationship with natives vs. the US
How is Canada a technological state, according to Maurice Charland?
IT is an economic unit predicated upon transportation and communications technology.
Who demonstrated transmission and reception of radio waves over the 1.5 mile path in 1895
Guglielmo Marconi
Who successfully transmitted speech over a 1 mile distance in 1900
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden
Who invented the electrolytic detector?
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden
electrolytic detector is
an early diode: allowed for flow of electricity
a signal processor that forms the core of almost all modern radio receivers is called a
heterodyne principle
Who invented the radio compass?
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden
Who invented the plug in radio?
Ted Rogers Sr.
Who bought one of the first FM radio stations?
Ted Rogers Jr.
Who was the father of the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
How was the post office service different in Canada compared to the US?
It cost more money to send newspapers in canada as the us had discount rates
What event can be considered the birth of mass media in canada?
Canada Day 1927: Half the population of Canada listened to the same radio broadcast together simultaneously
4 reasons to regulate mass broadcasting (P.I.P.I)
- Pervasiveness
- Invasiveness
- Publicness
- Influence
Early U.S Radio broadcast systems were designed to
sell radios, not as a public service
How many channels are available in 21st century canadian tv
600
3 types of channels in canada (C.P.S)
- Conventional
- Pay
- Specialty
3 types of broadcasting distribution undertakings (BDU) (C.D.I)
- Cable
- Direct to home satellite
- IPTV
Where does the Canadian Media Fund receive its money
From cable and satellite providers
The Canadian Television Network was the earlier version of
CTV
The Broadcasting Act says that private networks and programs should consist with… (C.R)
- Contributing to creation and presentation of Canadian programming
- Be responsive to evolving demands of public
When was Canada considered the most cabled country in the world?
1980s
What happened in the 2015 Canadian Leaders Debate?
It was not carried by any major broadcaster
3 Challenges posed by netflix (T.N.I)
- Traditional media policy breached
- Concerns in privacy and net neutrality from new media
- Individual experience is the new focus instead of community
how does Broadband TV get their revenue?
By working with Youtube channel owners, providing ad sales, admin help, creativity tools, etc.
The purpose of the CRTC let’s talk tv was
to have a conversation with Canadians on the future of thier TV system and how it can adapt to evolving technology
The Creative Canada PLan 2017 aims to (B.C. F.C)
- Boost Canadian Media Fund
- Spend $125 M on Creative Export Strategy
- Update funding programs
- Emphasize copyrights act for creators
CBC stands for
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
How does neoliberalism threaten the CBC
Alters how Canadians view the role of it
The main argument coming from Decillia and McCurdy is
Academic ideals of public broadcasting services are not adequately informing public discourse
Which two authors see the CBC as an essential instrument of national culture, civic engagement and public life?
Raboy and Taras
Who wrote about the “media policy agreement”?
Brevini
The set of normative values that aims to fulfil the democratic, social and cultural needs of a society is called the
media policy agreement
A good media policy agreement should:
empower citizens to take action in civic affairs, promote expression and dialogue. But it should also acknowledge changes in the communications environment
3 notions of neoliberalist view of public discourse (F:MSC)
- Free Market
- Free Speech
- Free Choice
Neoliberalism has a hegemonic character in that it
is hegemonic and ideological
The hegemony of neoliberalism is in that it seejs to
bring all human action into the domain of the market
Foucault says that hegemonic reality reduces…
the complexity of the world to spaces of potential competition that need to be organized as markets. This blocks other narratives from view.
The ideal model for public service in the view of neoliberalism is
the market model
Who said “Neoliberalism’s rationality and values are acriss all spheres and action, composing everything and everyone into agents of the market”
Brown
Cuts to CBC funding have been happening since
1984
2/3 of media samples conducted in Decillia and McCurdy’s study talked about the CBC as
Doubtful and instable
Decillia and McCurdy’s “The Sound of Silence” shows a lack of what in the discourse surrounding the CBC
Lack of connecting CBC to a public service
Compared to other western countries funding to public tv broadcasting services, Canada ranks as…
the third lowest in funding
Two neoliberalist values that the CBC has adopted in the past
Efficiency and Accountability
The media outlet that is the most negative about the CBC is
Sun Media
Sun Media’s ideology is primarily
neoliberal
CBC is known to have an obsession with
Ratings
Though the CBC has a national role, it is failing to
attract large audiences
Arm’s Length means:
An agreement made by 2 parties freely and independently without a special relationship
What is the different between public and state broadcasting?
Public broadcasting is funded either indirectly or directly by state but has not editorial control from the state. State broadcasting is fully controlled and edited by the state.
What is social capital?
Networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function properly
The federal govt of canada has decided to increase funding of CBC by how much?
$675 mil
Benedetta Brivini’s 4 principles to maintain democratic/cultural potential of public service in an online world: (C.U. Q.T)
- Citizenship
- Universality
- Quality
- Trust
8 Broadcasting principles for CBC (P.R. E.L. E.C. A.M)
- Be predominantly Canadian
- Reflect needs of regions
- Actively contribute to flow of expression
- Be in English and French
- Equal quality between english and french
- Contribute to shared national conscious
- Efficiently available throughout Canada
- Reflect multicultural nature of Canada
CBC is seen as a political football becasue
the CEO/President is appointed by the prime minister office
5 aspects of the new CBC (F.D. M.F. F)
- Focused
- Digital
- Multiplatform
- Flexible
- Financially Stavle
CBC has recently announced what for their TV app?
$4.99 ad free streaming!
Taras explains that journalism is framed to be more what?
Sensational and episodic, rather than informative to citizens
The for/against format of journalism was discussed by
Taras
Media reporting is said by Taras to be in an echo chamber because…
The boundaires of information are set by politicians
Who described the public sphere is being “a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed”?
Jurgan Habermas
Public sphere mediates
the society and the state
Edmund Burke’s 4 estates (C.N. C.J)
- Clergy
- Nobility
- Commoners
- Journalists
The statement “congress may make no laws establishing a religion, prohbition of free exercise…” was found in what document
The U.S Constitution’s First Amendment
What is triangulation?
The movement of information from
- Political institutions and actors
- To political communications
- Which is then split to either the citizens or the media
The main idea and argument by Christopher Waddel in Berry’d Alive is that
Journalism’s tendency to broaden to a national focus harms our local link to political events
Convergence
Bringing together national and local coverage
4 problems with online convergence (S.I. I.E)
- Same person filing for the sites on the same day
- Irregular “instant research”
- No time for independent assessment of issues involving a story
- Easier/faster to rely on politicians comments
Who said that the media is producing inward, narrow focussed political coverage on issues determined by parties?
Waddell
The Canadian Media Concentration Research Project examines…
Media development over the past 32 years
The Network Media Economy is
The economics of mobile, wireless, internet access, TV, etc.
3 categories of the network media economy (N.C.I)
- Network media (mobile, wireless, broadband)
- Content Media (TV, newspapers, magazines)
- Internet Media (Ads, search, news sources)
Different network media, once examined, is organized by the CMCRP into what groups? (G.S. D.R)
- Growth
- Stagnation
- Decline
- Recovery
The Big 5 in Canada are (B.R. S.Q T)
- Bell
- Rogers
- Shaw
- Quebecor
- Telus
Who spoke about the monopolies of knowledge?
Harold Innis
Eli Noam talked about
How the increase in media concentration means greater economic power
The CRTC should work to
ensure system provides canadians with greatest possibility of diverse voices
3 results about the network media economy (F.B.P)
- 4x the size between 1984 and 2016
- Bandwidth is more important than content
- Platforms are stronger that content
Taras said the printing press allowed for
democracy and decentralizaton of knowledge
What is the word for something like a monopoly, but where 2 firms are controlling the market?
Oligopoly
Vertical integration media
Merging of 2 businesses that are at different stages of production
Horizontal Integrating Media
Merging of businesses at same stage of production
According to Raboy, the freedom of expression in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is not the same as
communications rights
What is article 19
the minimum internationally accepted stanard for freedom, advocating media freedom from government interference
What does Canadian law fail to provide in terms of freedom of expression?
Security and enforcement laws for journalists
Why is broadcasting regulated but the press isn’t?
Becuase the writing of broadcasting act embodies the values and rights of canadians, as well as the obligations of broadcasters.
Who is the referee of broadcast freedoms, but not the judge?
Canadian Broadcast Standards Council
Who brought up that the homophobic freedoms of the westboro baptist church is protected by U.S First Ammendment?
Neil Macdonald
David Butt says Canada embodies compromise by
walking between two extremes of censorship
7 conditions of hate speech (G.I. P.D. E.C. A)
- Must be most severe of genre
- Must target identifiable group
- Must be public
- Must be deliberate
- Anything that is considered of good faith or religious doctrine, public interest or sarcasm is excluded
- Must be contextually hateful
- Needs approval by an attorney
How is Canadian TV protected and coddles? (3) (P.F.50)
- Provinces put a ton of money into production to ensure no pain
- There is no foreign ownership
- 50% of evening programs is Canadian
2 advertising rules in Canada for channels (C.S)
- Conventional channels have no limits to ads
2. Specialty channels have a max of 12 min per hour of ads
3 sources of Canadian TV production funding (M.I.T)
- Canadian Media Fund
- Independent Protection Fund
- Tangible benefits
What is tangible benefits?
When transferring ownership or control over commercial tv, 10% goes to the Canadian Media Fund, as determined by the CRTC
What is considered work to Dallas Smythe?
doing something creative and distinctively human
What is free lunch
the programs we watch when we are not working by watching commercials
Taras main concern with the shift to individual central media is
where we will get a sense of community
