Midterms [Lipids] Flashcards
1
Q
Lipids
A
- naturally-occuring fat-like substances
- generally insoluble in water
- can be synthesized in the liver
2
Q
Fats and oils
A
esters of long chain carboxylic acid
3
Q
Fats
A
- solid at room temperature
- derived from from animal sources
3
Q
Fats
A
- solid at room temperature
- derived from from animal sources
4
Q
Oils
A
- liquid
- plants
5
Q
Fatty acids
A
- smaller units of lipids
- long chain carboxylic acids (COOH)
6
Q
Saturated fatty acids
A
- single bonds only
7
Q
Unsaturated fatty acids
A
- has double bonds
8
Q
In writing fatty acid names
A
- based on carbon atoms
- based on the number of double bonds (Cx:y)
9
Q
Monounsaturated
A
- one double bond
10
Q
Polyunsaturated
A
- two or more double bonds
11
Q
x-Omega fatty acid
A
- x = At what carbon the the double bond is found
12
Q
Structure of lipids
A
- polymers of fatty acids
- typically made of a glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic), and a phosphate group (hydrophilic)
13
Q
Simple lipids
A
- fats, oils, and waxes
14
Q
Compound lipids
A
- phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins
15
Q
Derived lipids
A
- carotenoids, steroids, bile acids
16
Q
Carotenoids
A
- precursor/source of vitamin A
17
Q
Esterification
A
- reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form ester and water
18
Q
Free fatty acids
A
- they occur primarily esterified to glycerol
19
Q
Waxes
A
- esters of fatty acids and alcohols
20
Q
Cholesteryl palmitate containing cholesterol
A
- wax found in the blood plasma
21
Q
Essential fatty acids
A
- body cannot produce and must be added into or obtained from the diet
22
Q
Non-essential fatty acids
A
body can produce or synthesize
23
Q
Phospholipids (phosphatides)
A
- names as the derivative of the parent compound
24
Q
Emulsifier
A
- stands in between oil and water and holds/combines them together
- makes an emulsion stable
25
Q
Functions of emulsifiers
A
- promote emulsion stability
- stabilize aerated systems like ice cream, mayonnaise
26
Q
How does emulsifiers work
A
- they reduce surface tension between the two immiscible phases
27
Q
Cephalin
A
- contain ethanolamine or serine in place of choline in lecithin
- prevalent in brain tissue