midterms dev pscyh

Question 1

Occur when a fertilized egg splits apart in the first two weeks of development.

Answer 1

monozygotic (identical twins)

Question 2

Occur when two eggs or ova are released and fertilized by two separate sperm.

Answer 2

Dizygotic (Fraternal Twins)

Question 3

Occur when the zygote splits even later, during the formation of the embryonic disc, the twins remain physically connected.

Answer 3

Conjoined Twins

Question 4

1:3000 children suffers from Trisomy 18
47 chromosomes, defect in chromosome pair no. 18

Answer 4

Trisonomy 18

Question 5

1 out of 600 children suffers from Trisomy 21
47 chromosomes, defect in chromosome pair no. 21

Answer 5

down syndrome

Question 6

the following are periods of what development

● Germinal period
● Embryonic period
● Fetal period

Answer 6

Periods of Prenatal Development

Question 7

are factors that can contribute to birth defects, which include some maternal diseases, pollutants, drugs and alcohol. From Reflexes to Voluntary Movements

Answer 7

teratogens

Question 8

are involuntary movements in response to stimulation.

Answer 8

reflexes

Question 9

Suck on anything that touches the lips

Answer 9

sucking

Question 10

Turning the head when the cheek is touched

Answer 10

rooting

Question 11

Fingers automatically grip anything that touches the palm of the hand

Answer 11

grasp

Question 12

The toes will fan out and curl when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe

Answer 12

babinski

Question 13

a sudden noise or loss of support to the head and neck will cause infants to spread out their arms and legs then quickly contract the limbs inward

Answer 13

moro

Question 14

When lying on the back with the head to one side infants will extend the arm and leg on that side while flexing the limbs on the opposite side

Answer 14

tonic neck

Question 15

legs move in stepping like motion when feet touch a smooth surface

Answer 15

stepping

Question 16

occurs in an orderly sequence as infants move from reflexive reactions (e.g., sucking and rooting) to more advanced motor functioning.

Answer 16

motor development

Question 17

a development occurs according to the Cephalocaudal (from head to tail) and Proximodistal (from the midline outward) principles.

Answer 17

motor development

Question 18

focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions

Answer 18

fine motor skills

Question 19

Gripping an object involves the use of the fingers and palm, but no thumbs.

Answer 19

palmer grasper

Question 20

The use of the thumb comes at about 9 months of age when the infant is able to grasp an object using the forefinger and thumb.

Answer 20

pincer grasp

Question 21

focus on large muscle groups that control our head, torso, arms and legs and involve larger movements

Answer 21

gross motor skills

Question 22

The fovea, which is the central field of vision in the retina and allows us to see sharp detail, is not fully developed at birth and does not start to reach adult levels of development until 15 months.

Answer 22

visual

Question 23

The infant’s sense of hearing is very keen at birth, and the ability to hear is evidenced as soon as the seventh month of prenatal development. Newborns prefer their mother’s voices over another female when speaking the same material

Answer 23

hearing

Question 24

Immediately after birth, a newborn is sensitive to touch and temperature, and is also highly sensitive to pain, responding with crying and cardiovascular responses

Answer 24

touch and pain

Question 25

Studies of taste and smell demonstrate that babies respond with different facial expressions, suggesting that certain preferences are innate. Newborns can distinguish between sour, bitter, sweet, and salty flavors and show a preference for sweet flavors. Newborns also prefer the smell of their mothers.

Answer 25

taste and smell

Question 26

is the smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in a language.

Answer 26

phoneme

Question 27

a string of one or more phonemes that makes up the smallest units of meaning in a language. Some morphemes are prefixes and suffixes used to modify other words.

Answer 27

morpheme

Question 28

refers to the set of rules we use to obtain meaning from morphemes.

Answer 28

semantics

Question 29

the set of rules of a language by which we construct sentences.

Answer 29

syntax

Question 30

The social side of language is expressed through pragmatics, or how we communicate effectively and appropriately with others.

Answer 30

pragmatics

Question 31

• is a one-syllable combination of a consonant and a vowel sound (e.g..cooorba).
• serves as practice for vocalization, as well as the infant hears the sound of his or her own voice and tries to repeat sounds that are entertaining.

Answer 31

cooing

Question 32

engaging in intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning and comprise a consonant-vowel repeated sequence, such as ma-ma-ma, da-da- da.

Answer 32

babbling