midterms dev pscyh Flashcards
Occur when a fertilized egg splits apart in the first two weeks of development.
monozygotic (identical twins)
Occur when two eggs or ova are released and fertilized by two separate sperm.
Dizygotic (Fraternal Twins)
Occur when the zygote splits even later, during the formation of the embryonic disc, the twins remain physically connected.
Conjoined Twins
1:3000 children suffers from Trisomy 18
47 chromosomes, defect in chromosome pair no. 18
Trisonomy 18
1 out of 600 children suffers from Trisomy 21
47 chromosomes, defect in chromosome pair no. 21
down syndrome
the following are periods of what development
● Germinal period
● Embryonic period
● Fetal period
Periods of Prenatal Development
are factors that can contribute to birth defects, which include some maternal diseases, pollutants, drugs and alcohol. From Reflexes to Voluntary Movements
teratogens
are involuntary movements in response to stimulation.
reflexes
Suck on anything that touches the lips
sucking
Turning the head when the cheek is touched
rooting
Fingers automatically grip anything that touches the palm of the hand
grasp
The toes will fan out and curl when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe
babinski
a sudden noise or loss of support to the head and neck will cause infants to spread out their arms and legs then quickly contract the limbs inward
moro
When lying on the back with the head to one side infants will extend the arm and leg on that side while flexing the limbs on the opposite side
tonic neck
legs move in stepping like motion when feet touch a smooth surface
stepping
occurs in an orderly sequence as infants move from reflexive reactions (e.g., sucking and rooting) to more advanced motor functioning.
motor development
a development occurs according to the Cephalocaudal (from head to tail) and Proximodistal (from the midline outward) principles.
motor development
focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions
fine motor skills
Gripping an object involves the use of the fingers and palm, but no thumbs.
palmer grasper
The use of the thumb comes at about 9 months of age when the infant is able to grasp an object using the forefinger and thumb.
pincer grasp
focus on large muscle groups that control our head, torso, arms and legs and involve larger movements
gross motor skills
The fovea, which is the central field of vision in the retina and allows us to see sharp detail, is not fully developed at birth and does not start to reach adult levels of development until 15 months.
visual
The infant’s sense of hearing is very keen at birth, and the ability to hear is evidenced as soon as the seventh month of prenatal development. Newborns prefer their mother’s voices over another female when speaking the same material
hearing
Immediately after birth, a newborn is sensitive to touch and temperature, and is also highly sensitive to pain, responding with crying and cardiovascular responses
touch and pain
