midterms Flashcards
The World Health Organization
A constitution that came into force on ______ which is also commemorated as “World Health Day”.
April 7, 1948
___ country offices and ___ world regional offices for Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific.
147
6
The Philippines is a member of the ________ , which holds office in Manila.
Western Pacific Region
The constitution states that its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
The World Health Organization
WHO has _____ member countries and ___ associate members.
193
2
WHO and its members work with _____, ______ and ______ The WHO Country Focus is directed towards providing _____ with member states in accordance with each country’s needs and capacities
UN agencies, NGOs, and the private sector.
technical collaboration
The WHO strategy on research for health has five goals:
Capacity Priorities Standards Translation Organization
is a member of a global system of nations interacting with each other at different levels and in different ways.
Philippines
The Millenium Development Goals
_______ world leaders in the UN General Assembly participated in the Millenium Summit.
September 6 to 8, 2000,
____ resulted from the summit.
United Nations Millenium Declaration
The ____ members of the Summit expressed commitment to achieve the Millenium Development Goals by the year 2015.
191
The following are the eight MDGs and the targets corresponding to health-related ____________
MDGS 4,5, and 6:
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
1
Reduce child mortality.
Target: Reduce by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
4
Ensure environmental sustainability
7
Achieve universal primary education
2
Promote gender equality and empower women
3
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
6
Improve maternal health
Targets:
a. Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio; and
b. Achieve universal access to reproductive health
5
- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
Targets:
a. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of _____
b. Achieve, by ____, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it; and
c. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of _______
HIV/AIDS
2010
malaria and other major diseases
17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The United Nations General Assembly, along with the 195 nations, adopted, in _______, a 2030 Agenda which includes the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a principle of “leaving no one behind”.
September 2015
“Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society… It means
insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living on marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation.”
- NO POVERTY
The main source of global information on extreme poverty and the organization that sets the International Poverty Line,
World Bank
_________ of the world population live on less than 10 international dollar ($-int.) per day while every tenth person lives on less than 1.90 international dollar ($-int.) per day.
two-thirds
In 2013, about _____ of people in the world are living in extreme poverty. It fell into_____ in 2017, from _____ in 2015. T
11 percent
9.2 percent
10 percent
Shows that ______ lives on less than $1.90 a day. At higher poverty lines, ______ of the world lived on less than $3.20 a day and _____ on less than $5.50 a day in 2017 (World Bank,2020).
689 million people
- 1 percent
- 6 percent
Additional _______ will be pushed into extreme poverty, bringing the total to between 703 and 729 million.
88 million to 115 million people
Leading cause of death in the world.
- ZERO HUNGER
According to the international relief agency Mercy Corps around _______ die of hunger every year and that’s more than the death toll of AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined.
9 million people
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that about one in nine of the over seven billion people on Earth suffer from hunger regularly which is equivalent to approximately______people suffering from chronic malnutrition.
795 million
_____ is said to be the main cause of hunger worldwide.
Poverty
Promote sustainable _____ with modern technologies and fair distribution systems, we can sustain the whole world’s population and make sure that nobody will ever suffer from hunger again.
agriculture
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
- GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
________ is essential to sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda reflects the complexity and interconnectedness of the two
Good health
______will also be integral to achieving SDG No.3, ending poverty and reducing inequalities.
Universal health coverage
Emerging global health priorities not explicitly included in the SDGs, including ________, also demand action.
antimicrobial resistance
aims to provide equal access to affordable vocational training, and to eliminate gender and wealth disparities with the aim of achieving universal access to a quality higher education.
- QUALITY EDUCATION
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe, a majority of countries announced the temporary closure of schools, impacting more than ______ of students worldwide.
91 percent
By April 2020, close to _______were out of school. And nearly ______ who rely on school meals needed to look to other sources for daily nutrition.
1.6 billion children and youth
369 million children
By 2030 requires urgent action to eliminate the many root causes of discrimination that still curtail women’s rights in private and public spheres and eliminating gender-based violence is a priority, given that this is one of the most pervasive human rights violations in the world today.
- GENDER EQUALITY
Based on data from 87 countries, ____- and girls under the age of 50 will have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner within the last 12 months.
1 in 5 women
Harmful practices, such as child marriage, steal the childhood of _____ girls under age 18 every year.
15 million
Also, women do ______ more unpaid care and domestic work than men.
2.6 times
Women now make up to______of paid workers outside of agriculture, compared to 35 percent in 1990.
41 percent
The aim of SDG No.5 is to put an end to discrimination against women and girls everywhere. There are still gross inequalities in access to paid employment in some regions, and significant gaps between men and women in the labor market. Sexual violence and exploitation, the unequal division of unpaid care and domestic work, and discrimination in public decision making, all remain huge barriers.
gender equality
______ people across the globe do not have access to safe drinking water, while _____ people do not have a basic hand-washing facility with soap and water, and more than ______ still practice open defecation. This is causing unnecessary disease and death. Although huge strides have been made with access to clean drinking water, __________ is undermining these advances.
6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION One in three two out of five 673 million people lack of sanitation
According to the World Health Organization, _______is one of the most effective actions you can take to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, including the COVID-19 virus..
handwashing
Safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires we invest in _______, provide ________, and encourage ______.
adequate infrastructure
sanitation facilities
hygiene
Protecting and restoring __________ is very essential.
water-related ecosystems
Ensuring universal safe and affordable drinking water involves reaching over_______ who lack basic services and improving accessibility and safety of services for over _____ .
800 million people
two billion
The world is making progress towards Goal 7 __________, with encouraging signs that energy is becoming more sustainable and widely available. .
AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
Between 2000 and 2016, the number of people with electricity increased from ___________, and the numbers without electricity dipped to just below _____
78 to 87 percent
one billion.
Our current reliance on _____ is unsustainable and harmful to the planet, which is why we have to change the way we produce and consume energy
fossil fuels
Investing in _______, ________, and _________ for all is vital if we are to achieve SDG No.7 by 2030.
solar, wind and thermal power
improving energy productivity
ensuring energy
Adopting cost-effective standards, by avoiding roughly ______, for a wider range of technologies could also reduce the global electricity consumption by buildings and industry by 14 percent.
1,300 mid-size power plants
Implementing these new energy solutions as fast as possible is essential to counter _________, one of the biggest threats to our own survival.
climate change
Also, expanding ______ and upgrading ________ to provide clean energy sources in all developing countries is a crucial goal that can both encourage growth and help the environment.
infrastructure
technology
Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all.
- DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
In developing countries, the middle class now makes up more than _____ of total employment – a number that has almost tripled between 1991 and 2015.
34 percent
According to the International Labor Organization, still, more than __________ are unemployed in 2015.
204 million people
The SDG No. 8 aims to encourage sustained economic growth by achieving higher levels of productivity through ________
technological innovation.
The _________ expects a global recession as bad as or worse than in 2009.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Promoting policies that encourage ______ and ____ are effective measures to eradicate forced labor, slavery and human trafficking. With these targets in mind, the goal is to achieve full and ______ and ________, for all women and men by 2030.
entrepreneurship
job creation
productive employment
decent work
Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.
INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers of __________ and ________.
economic growth
development
Almost half the world’s population are now living in cities and ______ and ______ are becoming important, and even more, as the growth of new industries and information and communication technologies.
mass transport
renewable energy
_________ is also key to finding lasting solutions to both economic and environmental challenges, such as providing new jobs and promoting energy efficiency.
Technological progress
Promoting ___________, and investing in ______ and _______, are all important ways to facilitate sustainable development.
sustainable industries
scientific research and innovation
Least developed countries, in particular, need to accelerate the development of their __________ if they are to meet the 2030 target, and scale up investment in _____ and ______.
manufacturing sector
scientific research
innovation
_______ has been steadily declining, even before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Global manufacturing growth
________and ensuring no one is left behind are integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In order for nations to flourish, equality and prosperity must be available to everyone - regardless of gender, race, religious beliefs or economic status. When every individual is self-sufficient, the entire world prospers.
- REDUCED INEQUALITIES
Reducing inequalities
However, too much of the world’s wealth is held by a very small group of people which often leads to ________ and __________.
financial and social discrimination
The richest 10 percent of the world population have up to _______ of global income whereas the poorest 10 percent earn only between ______.
40 percent
2 to 7 percent
If we take into account population growth inequality in developing countries, it has increased by ________.
11 percent
These widening disparities require sound policies to ________, and promote _______ of all regardless of sex, race or ethnicity.
empower lower income earners
economic inclusion
This income inequality requires global solutions which involves improving the ______ and monitoring of ______ and ______ encouraging ________ and ________ to regions where the need is greatest.
regulation
financial markets
institutions
development assistance foreign direct investment
Facilitating the ________ and _____ is also key to bridging the widening divide.
safe migration
mobility of people
Inequalities are also deepening for vulnerable populations in countries with _______ and those facing existing ________.
weaker health systems
humanitarian crises
Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
- SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
By 2050, it is said that two-thirds of all humanity—_________—will be urban and sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces.
6.5 billion people
________ is resulting in a growing number of slum dwellers, inadequate and overburdened infrastructure and services (such as waste collection and water and sanitation systems, roads and transport), worsening air pollution and unplanned urban sprawl
Rapid urbanization
By making cities sustainable means ________ and ________, _____ and _______, and ________and _______.
creating career business opportunities, safe affordable housing building resilient societies economies
Making cities sustainable involves investment in _________, creating ________, and improving _______ and management in ____________
public transport
green public spaces
urban planning
participatory and inclusive ways
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
- RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
________ is a real and undeniable threat to our entire civilization.
- CLIMATE ACTION
Climate change
According to records, _____ was the warmest year and new records of high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other greenhouse gases are recorded.
2019
And although greenhouse gas emissions are projected to drop about_____ in 2020 due to travel bans and economic slowdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, this improvement is only temporary.
6 percent
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.
- LIFE BELOW WATER
The ________- – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind.
world’s oceans
There is a continuous ___________ owing to pollution, and ____________ is having an adversarial effect on the functioning of ecosystems and biodiversity.
deterioration of coastal waters
ocean acidification
This is also negatively impacting small scale ________.
fisheries
______ of the world’s fish stocks are overexploited, reaching below the level at which they can produce sustainable yields.
30 percent
Also, oceans absorb about 30 percent of the __________ produced by humans, and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean _______ since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
carbon dioxide
acidification
Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of ___________ to be found on every square kilometer of ocean.
13,000 pieces of plastic litter
The SDG No. 14 aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Enhancing ______ and the sustainable ______through international law will also help mitigate some of the challenges facing our oceans
- LIFE BELOW WATER
conservation
use of ocean-based resources
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
- LIFE ON LAND
Plant life provides _________ of the human diet, and we rely on agriculture as an important economic resources.
80 percent
Forests cover ______ of the Earth’s surface, provide vital habitats for millions of species, and important sources for clean air and water, as well as being crucial for combating climate change.
30 percent
Every year, it is said that ___________ of forests are lost, while the persistent degradation of dry lands has led to the _______, disproportionately affecting poor communities.
13 million hectares
desertification of 3.6 billion hectares
And although__________ is protected, biodiversity is still at risk.
15 percent of land
Nearly__________- have been illegally traded.
7,000 species of animals and plants
___________ not only erodes biodiversity, but creates insecurity, fuels conflict, and feeds corruption.
Wildlife trafficking
Promoting a ________ and _______ is not and should not be a cause for it is the key to our own survival (not limited to human survival but to other organisms that depends on our ecosystem as well).
sustainable use of our ecosystems
preserving biodiversity
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
- PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
____ and _____ have a destructive impact on a country’s development, affecting economic growth, and often resulting in grievances that last for generations.
Armed violence and insecurity
________, __________, and ________ are also prevalent where there is conflict, or no rule of law, and countries must take measures to protect those who are most at risk.
Sexual violence, crime, exploitation and torture
The number of people fleeing war, persecution and conflict exceeded ________ in 2018, the highest level recorded by the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) in almost 70 years.
70 million in 2018
In 2019, the United Nations tracked _____ and ______ disappearances of human rights defenders, journalists and trade unionists in ______.
357 killings
30 enforced
47 countries
And the births of around ______ under age 5 worldwide are never officially recorded, depriving them of a proof of legal identity crucial for the protection of their rights and for access to justice and social services.
one in four children
The ______ aim to significantly reduce all forms of violence, and work with governments and communities to end conflict and insecurity.
SDG No.16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
Promoting the ______ and ________ are key to this process, as is reducing the flow of illicit arms and strengthening the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance.
rule of law and human rights
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy is projected to contract sharply, by _______ in 2020, experiencing its worst recession since the Great Depression.
- PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS
3 percent
_________ is needed now more than ever to ensure that countries have the means to recover from the pandemic, build back better and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Strong international cooperation
The _________ is the country’s principal health agency.
Department of Health (DOH)
Department of Health (DOH) is responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services through the provision of ______ and the regulation of _______.
quality healthcare
providers of health goods and services
Its mandate is to develop ________, _________ and ________ on health.
national plans, technical standards, and guidelines
3 Major Roles of DOH in the Health Sector:
- ______ in health
- _____ and ____builder 3. ________ of specific services.
Leadership
Enabler and capacity
Administrator
