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World History Midterm > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

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1
Q

Early American societies

2.) Aztecs

A 
-heart of Mexico 
 •capital- tenochititlan (lake)
-ruled by monarch (montezuma)
-Hernan Cortez found them 
-weapons were only wooden
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2
Q

Early American societies

3.) incas

A 
-modern day Peru 
•capital- Cuzco
-human sacrifice 
-12 million people 
-military capability & construction of roads 
-discovered by Francisco Pizarro 
-Atahualpawa was king
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3
Q

Government system of the early American societies

A

Theocratic

Believed the ruler was a god

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4
Q

Aztec capital

A

Tenochititlan

Middle of a lake

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5
Q

Modern day city found by Francisco pizzarro

A

Modern day Peru

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6
Q

Earliest exploration culture

A

Portugal

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7
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Looking for western route to Asia
Lands in modern day Cuba. Thought he landed in Asia
Ran into Bahamas
Underestimated the size of earth

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8
Q

Hernan Cortez

A 
Found Aztec empire in 1519 
Greedy 
Twisted alliances 
Brought animals and diseases 
Spanish explorer 
Desperate to find el Durado
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9
Q

Triangular trade route

A 
Europe 
⬇️.   Manufactured goods
Africa 
⬇️.    Slaves 
West Indies 
⬇️.    Raw materials 
Europe
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10
Q

Largest region of Slave exportation

A

Gold Coast of Africa

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11
Q

First person to circumnavigate the globe

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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12
Q

Earliest firing mechanisms

A

Matchlock- hand held gun. Slow and clumsy

Wheel lock gun- similar to cigarette lighter

Flint lock fun- similar to wheel lock

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13
Q

Gunpowder empires

A

Ottoman Empire (1299-1923)
Safavids empire (1501-1763)
Mughal empire
(1526-1857)

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14
Q

Militant Catholicism

A

King Philip II of Spain

Biggest proponents of defending Catholicism with force

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15
Q

French war of religion

A

1560 Calvinists and Catholics become militant towards each other
French king persecuted Protestant
Huguenots influenced by Calvinists (7% of the population)

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16
Q

Thirty years war

A) cause and effect

A

Began when Protestant nobles in Bohemia (Germany) rebelled against Hapsburg rulers in the Holy Roman Empire
Ended Holy Roman Empire
France emerges world power

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17
Q

Absolutism

A

“Divine right monarchs”

-giving total absolute power to monarch

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18
Q

John Locke

A

“Blank slate” -tabular rasa
Influence made a difference
Human beings are molded by their surroundings (nurture)

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19
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Wrote leviathan
Favored monarchy
Men needed a social contract and a powerful government
Ungoverned people are in a “state of war” constant competition
Humans are selfish

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20
Q

Major players of the Renaissance

A

William Shakespeare
Isaac Newton
Leonardo de Vinci
Michangelo

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21
Q

Gothic

Romanesque

A

Salvation
Pointy churches with lots of Windows

Domination and suffering darkness
Churches with tiny Windows round
Never a stain glass window

22
Q

Copernicus

Galileo

A

Credited w the heliocentric point of view
Heavily persecuted by Catholic Church

Supported Copernicus theories
Developed universal law of acceleration

23
Q

Works of de Vinci and Michelangelo

A 
De Vinci
The last supper 
The Mona Lisa 
Michelangelo 
Sculpted David 
Painted Sistine chapel
24
Q

Machiavelli

A

Philosopher who wrote the prince

25
Q

Key players of the Protestant reformation

A

Martin Luther
John Wycliff
Desiderius Erasmus

26
Q

Martin Luther

A

Started reformation
Absolutely hated the selling of indulgences
95thesis
Convicted a heretic (outlaw)

27
Q

Indulgences

A

Releases one from all punishment from sin
People had to pay for these
Relics

28
Q

The reformation of the Catholic Church

A

1: formation of Jesuits (society of Jesus)
2: council of Trent -established attic rules
3: form of papacy

29
Q

Similarities between the American and French Revolution

A

Beginnings are similar

Turnouts are incredibly different

30
Q

Louis XVI

A

Inherits grandfathers bankrupt France
Helps Americans fight revolution (1.3 billion$)
Terrible traits to be king
Married Maria Antoinette & wants to please her
Can’t decide who knows best

31
Q

Estates of pre-revolutionary France

A.) divisions of the third estates

A

Bourgeois
Middle class
Owned nearly all the land
Educated people

sans- culottes
Lower middle class
Most radical group

32
Q

July 14,1789

A

Paris citizens and deserters storm and take the fortress

33
Q

Tennis court oath

A

Attempted to force a constitution on the King
-wouldn’t disband unless conditions were met

King must
Accept assembly as power
No new taxes without assemblies approval

34
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A) general will

A

Government should provide as much freedom to Benefit the general will
» aims to the common good
» people must act collectively

35
Q

The reign of terror

Causes and effect

A

Robespierre executes anyone who frowns

He’s last one to be executed on the guillotine

36
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Protects the directory from the radicals

Emperor

37
Q

The battle of austerlitz

A

Napoleon greatest victory
Ended the war of the third coalition
Austria makes peace
Napoleon destroys what’s left of Holy Roman Empire

38
Q

The downfall of Napoleon

A) exile

A

Exiled to Elba
He was allowed to be emperor to 12,000 people there
Plotted to escape

39
Q

The final battle of Napoleon

A

The battle of Waterloo

40
Q

Inventions that changed science

A

Telescope

Microscope

41
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Father of modern philosophy
Everything is about doubt
Existence is truth “I think therefor I am”

42
Q

New philosophical ideas

A) Voltaire, Montesquieu, bacon

A

Voltaire -discourse

Montesquieu- natural world has to be made up of laws

Bacon- scientific method of reasoning

43
Q

Fredrick the great

A 
Cold 
Friends with Voltaire 
Established the first German code of law
Enlightened absolutist 
-ruled by enlightenment principles
44
Q

The seven years war
A)Causes and effect
B)Nations involved

A

A) feud between English and bourbon family

B) Great Britain Prussia Portugal vs Spain Russia France Austria and Sweden

45
Q

Events provoking the American Revolution

A

U.k. Taxes colonies heavily

46
Q

The battle of Lexington and concord

A

1st battle of American revolution

47
Q

Turning point of the American Revolution

A

Battle of Saratoga
October 1777
In favor of colonies

48
Q

Problems with articles of confederation

A

Didn’t give congress or federal government enough power
No power of congress to tax, regulate commerce, or raise an army
States refused to fund the federal government
Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass

49
Q

Early American societies

1.) Mayans

A
  • developed calendar
  • hieroglyphs
  • city states
  • capital- Tikal
  • sacrifices people and had slaves
50
Q

Early American societies

1) Mayans

A 
Yugaitan peninsula 
Capital Tikal 
Sacrificed people and had slaves 
Developed calendar 
Picture drawings  (heroglyphys)

World History Midterm (1 decks)

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