Midterms Flashcards by Lexie peoples

Early American societies

2.) Aztecs

-heart of Mexico 
 •capital- tenochititlan (lake)
-ruled by monarch (montezuma)
-Hernan Cortez found them 
-weapons were only wooden

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Early American societies

3.) incas

-modern day Peru 
•capital- Cuzco
-human sacrifice 
-12 million people 
-military capability &amp; construction of roads 
-discovered by Francisco Pizarro 
-Atahualpawa was king

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Government system of the early American societies

Theocratic

Believed the ruler was a god

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Aztec capital

Tenochititlan

Middle of a lake

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Modern day city found by Francisco pizzarro

Modern day Peru

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Earliest exploration culture

Portugal

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Christopher Columbus

Looking for western route to Asia
Lands in modern day Cuba. Thought he landed in Asia
Ran into Bahamas
Underestimated the size of earth

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Hernan Cortez

Found Aztec empire in 1519 
Greedy 
Twisted alliances 
Brought animals and diseases 
Spanish explorer 
Desperate to find el Durado

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Triangular trade route

Europe 
⬇️.   Manufactured goods
Africa 
⬇️.    Slaves 
West Indies 
⬇️.    Raw materials 
Europe

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Largest region of Slave exportation

Gold Coast of Africa

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First person to circumnavigate the globe

Ferdinand Magellan

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Earliest firing mechanisms

Matchlock- hand held gun. Slow and clumsy

Wheel lock gun- similar to cigarette lighter

Flint lock fun- similar to wheel lock

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Gunpowder empires

Ottoman Empire (1299-1923)
Safavids empire (1501-1763)
Mughal empire
(1526-1857)

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Militant Catholicism

King Philip II of Spain

Biggest proponents of defending Catholicism with force

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French war of religion

1560 Calvinists and Catholics become militant towards each other
French king persecuted Protestant
Huguenots influenced by Calvinists (7% of the population)

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Thirty years war

A) cause and effect

Began when Protestant nobles in Bohemia (Germany) rebelled against Hapsburg rulers in the Holy Roman Empire
Ended Holy Roman Empire
France emerges world power

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Absolutism

“Divine right monarchs”

-giving total absolute power to monarch

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John Locke

“Blank slate” -tabular rasa
Influence made a difference
Human beings are molded by their surroundings (nurture)

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Thomas Hobbes

Wrote leviathan
Favored monarchy
Men needed a social contract and a powerful government
Ungoverned people are in a “state of war” constant competition
Humans are selfish

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Major players of the Renaissance

William Shakespeare
Isaac Newton
Leonardo de Vinci
Michangelo

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Gothic

Romanesque

Salvation
Pointy churches with lots of Windows

Domination and suffering darkness
Churches with tiny Windows round
Never a stain glass window

Copernicus

Galileo

Credited w the heliocentric point of view
Heavily persecuted by Catholic Church

Supported Copernicus theories
Developed universal law of acceleration

Works of de Vinci and Michelangelo

De Vinci
The last supper 
The Mona Lisa 
Michelangelo 
Sculpted David 
Painted Sistine chapel

Machiavelli

Philosopher who wrote the prince

Key players of the Protestant reformation

Martin Luther John Wycliff Desiderius Erasmus

Martin Luther

Started reformation Absolutely hated the selling of indulgences 95thesis Convicted a heretic (outlaw)

Indulgences

Releases one from all punishment from sin People had to pay for these Relics

The reformation of the Catholic Church

1: formation of Jesuits (society of Jesus) 2: council of Trent -established attic rules 3: form of papacy

Similarities between the American and French Revolution

Beginnings are similar | Turnouts are incredibly different

Louis XVI

Inherits grandfathers bankrupt France Helps Americans fight revolution (1.3 billion$) Terrible traits to be king Married Maria Antoinette & wants to please her Can't decide who knows best

Estates of pre-revolutionary France | A.) divisions of the third estates

Bourgeois Middle class Owned nearly all the land Educated people sans- culottes Lower middle class Most radical group

July 14,1789

Paris citizens and deserters storm and take the fortress

Tennis court oath

Attempted to force a constitution on the King -wouldn't disband unless conditions were met King must Accept assembly as power No new taxes without assemblies approval

Jean Jacques Rousseau | A) general will

Government should provide as much freedom to Benefit the general will >> aims to the common good >> people must act collectively

The reign of terror | Causes and effect

Robespierre executes anyone who frowns | He's last one to be executed on the guillotine

Napoleon Bonaparte

Protects the directory from the radicals | Emperor

The battle of austerlitz

Napoleon greatest victory Ended the war of the third coalition Austria makes peace Napoleon destroys what's left of Holy Roman Empire

The downfall of Napoleon | A) exile

Exiled to Elba He was allowed to be emperor to 12,000 people there Plotted to escape

The final battle of Napoleon

The battle of Waterloo

Inventions that changed science

Telescope | Microscope

Rene Descartes

Father of modern philosophy Everything is about doubt Existence is truth "I think therefor I am"

New philosophical ideas | A) Voltaire, Montesquieu, bacon

Voltaire -discourse Montesquieu- natural world has to be made up of laws Bacon- scientific method of reasoning

Fredrick the great

``` Cold Friends with Voltaire Established the first German code of law Enlightened absolutist -ruled by enlightenment principles ```

The seven years war A)Causes and effect B)Nations involved

A) feud between English and bourbon family B) Great Britain Prussia Portugal vs Spain Russia France Austria and Sweden

Events provoking the American Revolution

U.k. Taxes colonies heavily

The battle of Lexington and concord

1st battle of American revolution

Turning point of the American Revolution

Battle of Saratoga October 1777 In favor of colonies

Problems with articles of confederation

Didn't give congress or federal government enough power No power of congress to tax, regulate commerce, or raise an army States refused to fund the federal government Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass

Early American societies | 1.) Mayans

- developed calendar - hieroglyphs - city states - capital- Tikal - sacrifices people and had slaves

Early American societies | 1) Mayans

``` Yugaitan peninsula Capital Tikal Sacrificed people and had slaves Developed calendar Picture drawings (heroglyphys) ```