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Midterms 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Record

A

A set of field values. A row.

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2
Q

Primary Key

A

A field or a collection of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table. Should be unique, minimal, and static.

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3
Q

What is a good example of a good primary key option

A

SS#

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4
Q

Foreign Key

A

A field or a collection of fields in one table in which each field value must match the value of the primary key of some table or must be null

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5
Q

Referential Integrity

A

The constraint specifying that each nonnull foreign key value must match a primary key value in the primary table

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6
Q

Referential Integrity Rules

A

You can;t add a row containing an unmatched foreign key value and you can’t change or delete a primary key

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7
Q

Entity Integrity

A

The constraint that says that the primary key can’t be null. For a composite key, none of the individual fields can be null.

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8
Q

Domain Integrity

A

A rule you specify for a field. Ex: when you choose a data type you impose a constraint on the set of values allowed for a field

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9
Q

Domain

A

A set of values from which one or more fields draw their actual values

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10
Q

Lookup Field

A

Lets the user select a value from a list of possible values. You can set the field to only allow values that you specify (That the user can select or from a related table)

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11
Q

Lookup Wizard

A

Used to create a lookup field and hide columns, select what it displays, select how the values are sorted, and select what is sorted in the field

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12
Q

Where can you find the lookup wizard

A

In the data type section of the field in design view

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13
Q

Parameter Query

A

Displays a dialogue box that prompts a user to enter one or more criteria values when the query is run

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14
Q

What would a parameter query used for a report based on a time frame between certain points look like?

A

[Enter a start date] [Enter an end date]

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15
Q

What happens if you misspell criteria or press ok without entering criteria in a parameter query prompt?

A

You will get a datasheet without results (blank. No records)

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16
Q

Why would you get a prompt in a query that is not a parameter query and how do you fix it?

A

If you misspell a field name in a calculation. Fix the calculation to get rid of the prompt

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17
Q

Write a pattern match criteria that will diaply results if a user only enters a letter or doesn’t enter anything

A

Like “” & [Please enter a city] & “”

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18
Q

=

A

An exact Match. (optional, this is Access default

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19
Q

Comparison operators

A

<>, =, , <=, >=, Between…And, In, Like

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20
Q

How would you write a Between…And

A

Between 10 and 100 (this will include both 10 and 100)

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21
Q

How do you write an In operator?

A

In(“pit bull”, “yorkie”, “poodle”)

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22
Q

*

A

A wild card that will match any string of characters before or after the letter you specify

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23
Q
  • example
A

Like “S*” (Starts with S)

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24
Q

?

A

Matches any one character

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25
? Example
Like "Sa????" (Starts with Sa and has 6 letters total)
26
#
Matches any single digit
27
Logical Operators
Multiple selection criteria | AND and OR
28
AND operator
Narrows down the record selection
29
OR operator
expands the record selection
30
Totals queries
Allow you to do summarized data and view it in aggregate form
31
Aggregate functions
SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT, Group by's
32
TRUE or FALSE: You can update data in a total's query
FALSE
33
Concatenated fields
Allow you to combine the contents of two or more text fields into one
34
Example of how you would concatenate FirstName and LastName
FullName: FirstName & " " & LastName
35
How would you concatenate a FirstName and City field to say that a person is from a city
Info: FirstName & " is from " & City
36
Data Types
Short Text, Long Text, Number, Date/Time, Currency, AutoNumber, Yes/No, Hyperlink
37
Short Text
Letters, digits, spaces, and special characters. Used for names, addresses, descriptions, and fields containing digits that are not used in calculations.
38
Short text field size
0 to 255 characters
39
Long Text
Letters, digits, spaces, and special characters. Used for long comments and explanations
40
Long Text Field Size
1 to 65, 535 characters
41
Number
Positive and negative numbers, digits, a decimal point, commas, a plus sign, and a minus sign. Used for fields that will be used in calculations, except for those involving money
42
Number field size
1 to 15 digits
43
Date/Time
Allows field values containing valid dates and times. You can perform calculations and you can sort them
44
Date/Time Field Size
8 bytes
45
Currency
Similar to number, but used for storing monetary values
46
Currency field size
Accurate to 15 digits on the left side of the decimal point and 4 digits on the right
47
AutoNumber
Consists of integer values created automatically by Access each time you create a new record. Can specify sequential numbering or random numbering (Good for primary key!)
48
Autonumber field size
9 digits
49
Yes/No
Limits field values to yes and no, on and off, or true and false
50
Yes/No field size
1 character
51
HyperLink
Consists of text used as a hyperlink address
52
HyperLink Field size
up yo 65,535 characters total for the four parts of the hyperlink
53
When does Access save changes to a record
When you move to a new record and when you close the table/form
54
Compacting and repairing a database
Rearranges the data and objects in a database to decrease its file size, thereby making more storage space available and enhancing the performance of the database
55
Backing up a database
The process of making a copy of the database file to protect your database against loss or damage
56
How to back up a database
Click file tab, click Save As, click Backup Database in the Advanced section of the Save Database As pane, then click the Save As button
57
Default Values
You add a default value to a table or field or form control whenever you want Access to enter a value in a new record automatically
58
Example of when to use a default value
When you want to always add the current date to new orders
59
Where to add default values
In the default Value property for the field in design view
60
Caption Property
Specifies how the field name is displayed in database objects
61
What happens if you don't set the Caption?
Access will display the field name as the column heading or label
62
Input Mask Property
A predefined format used to enter and display data in a field like a phone number to make sure all of the pone number formatting is consistant
63
What does a 9 represent in Input Mask
A numeric value that is not required
64
What does a 0 represent in input mask
A numeric value that is required
65
What does an L represent in Input Mask
A letter that is required
66
Input mask example for JES213 format with a # used as a placeholder
LLL000;;#
67
Field Validation Rule
Validates data being input so that it meets the criteria you specify
68
Validation Text
A message that pops up when a user enters a wrong amount that tells them what they did wrong
69
Example of Validation rule and corresponding Validation Text if an invoice amount has to be more than 5
Validation Rule: >5 | Validation Text: Invoice amount must be greater than 5
70
Date()
Uses your computer system to determine todays date
71
What does the pencil symbol in a datasheet indicate?
That the record is being edited
72
How do you modify a lookup value property to hide column values?
Write it as 0" under column width and make sure there are as many widths as there are columns (0";2" is 2 columns)
73
How do you modify a lookup value property to sort columns? (Example)
 Originally: SELECT [tblOwner].[OwnerID], [tblOwner].[FirstName], [tblOwner].[LastName] FROM tblOwner  SELECT [tblOwner].[OwnerID], [tblOwner].[LastName] &”, “ & [tblOwner].[FirstName] FROM tblOwner ORDER BY [tblOwner].[LastName];
74
How do you fix referential integrity between tables when a "can't create this relationship" error message occurs?
Use an unmatched query to find which record in the second table does not have a match in the primary table
75
IIF Function
Immediate If function. Returns a value based on a test condition.
76
IIF function format
IIF(part 1 [test condition], part 2 [value if true], part 3 [value if fales]
77
Example of an IIF Function
InvoiceAge: IIF (InvoiceDate > 1/1/2016, "New Invoice", "Old Invoice")
78
DatePart
Returns the numeric value of a specified date part (d, m, y)
79
DatePart Example
MonthNumber: DatePart("m", InvoiceDate) If the invoice date is 1/1/2012 the MonthNumber will be 1
80
Crosstab query
Allows you to view data in aggregate format grouped by category and type. Type is shown in each row and categpry typically refers to a time frame (month, order, or year)
81
Form Naming tag
frm
82
Macro Naming Tag
mcr
83
Module Naming Tag
bas
84
Query Naming Tag
qry
85
Report Naming Tag
rpt
86
Table Naming Tag
tbl
87
Check Box Naming Tag
chk
88
Combo Box Naming Tag
cbo
89
Command button Naming Tag
cmd
90
Image Naming Tag
img
91
Label Naming Tag
lbl
92
Line Naming Tag
lin
93
List box Naming Tag
lst
94
Option Button Naming Tag
opt
95
Rectangle Naming Tag
shp
96
Subform/subreport Naming Tag
sub
97
Text Box Naming Tag
txt
98
A table is in 3NF if...
Every determinant is a candidate key
99
A table is in 2NF if...
It does not contain any partial dependencies
100
A table is in 1NF if...
It does not contain any repeating groups
101
Normalization
The process of identifying and eliminating anomalies
102
Anomalies
Problems caused by data redundancy and by partial and transitive dependencies
103
Insertion Anomaly
Occurs when you cannot add a record to a table because you do not know the entire primary key value
104
Deletion Anomaly
Occurs when you delete data from a table and unintentionally lose other critical data
105
Update anomaly
Occurs when a change to one field value requires the DBMS to make more than one change to the database, and a filure by the database to make all the changes result in inconsistant data
106
Partial dependency
A functional dependency on part of the primary key instead of the entire primary key

Access (2 decks)

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