Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
What did Rizal express in his letter to his countrymen on June 20, 1892?
A
His decision to return to Manila.
2
Q
When did Rizal arrive in Manila after his return?
A
June 26, 1892.
3
Q
What was Rizal accused of by the friars during the Philippine Revolution?
A
Fomenting and instigating the revolution.
4
Q
What was the outcome of Rizal’s trial?
A
He was sentenced to death and executed on December 30, 1896.
5
Q
What was the main reason for Rizal’s return to the Philippines?
A
To defend the Filipinos against Spanish oppressions.
6
Q
What advocacy did Rizal promote upon his return?
A
Political and social reforms in the Philippines through peaceful means.
7
Q
What organization did Rizal found upon his return?
A
La Liga Filipina.
8
Q
What was the purpose of La Liga Filipina?
A
To seek reform through legal and peaceful means.
9
Q
When was La Liga Filipina founded?
A
July 3, 1892.
10
Q
What was Rizal’s fate after being arrested on July 6, 1892?
A
He was deported to Dapitan.
11
Q
What works were found in Rizal’s possession that led to his banishment?
A
- Pobres Frailes
- El Filibusterismo
12
Q
In which town was Rizal exiled for four years?
A
Dapitan.
13
Q
What professions did Rizal pursue during his exile in Dapitan?
A
- Teacher
- Doctor
14
Q
What agricultural innovations did Rizal introduce in Dapitan?
A
New techniques and irrigation systems.
15
Q
Who was Josephine Bracken?
A
A young Irish woman who arrived in Dapitan and became Rizal’s romantic partner.
16
Q
What prompted Rizal to volunteer as an army doctor in Cuba?
A
A yellow fever outbreak and ongoing revolution for independence.
17
Q
What was the date of Rizal’s arrest in Barcelona?
A
October 3, 1896.
18
Q
When was Rizal formally charged and tried?
A
December 11 - 26, 1896.
19
Q
What was the verdict of Rizal’s trial?
A
Guilty.
20
Q
What significant act did Rizal perform on December 29, 1896?
A
He penned Mi Ultimo Adios.
21
Q
What was a major criticism of Rizal’s trial?
A
Lack of proper legal representation.
22
Q
What did Rizal do in his last hours before execution?
A
Wrote letters and met with Josephine Bracken.
23
Q
What event is associated with the execution of the GOMBURZA?
A
The Cavite Mutiny.
24
Q
What did the Spanish version of the Cavite Mutiny attribute the uprising to?
A
A conspiracy to overthrow Spanish rule.
25
What was the Filipino perspective on the Cavite Mutiny?
It was a small uprising protesting the loss of privileges.
26
What was the result of the secularization movement?
Transfer of parish administration from Spanish priests to Filipino priests.
27
When was the first royal decree for secularization released?
1774.
28
What was one reason the secularization decree was not implemented?
Strong condemnation from religious order priests.
29
What significant change occurred in the 19th century regarding secular priests?
The number of secular priests tripled.
30
What decree was passed in 1813 regarding secular priests?
To transfer the ruling parishes to secular priests
## Footnote
This decree was not implemented due to the abolition of the Cortes in 1814.
31
What were the reasons cited for the disapproval of transferring parishes to secular priests?
Inadequate preparedness of the country's secular clergy
## Footnote
The contents of the decree had spread to the secular clergy.
32
By how much did the number of secular priests rise in the 19th Century compared to the population of friars?
Three times bigger
## Footnote
This was influenced by factors like the Patronato Real and Spain's participation in the Napoleonic Wars.
33
What is the Patronato Real?
The Spanish crown plays a vital role in administering and supporting church affairs
## Footnote
This discourages friars from leaving their conventional existence in Spain.
34
What challenges did secular priests face in their education?
Poor quality of education, making them unprepared to run a parish
## Footnote
Despite this, many pursued higher studies in canon law and theology.
35
What was the impact of the secular clergy's improvement in religious roles?
Provoked distrust and resentment among Spanish priests
## Footnote
They viewed it as damaging to state affairs and a symptom of growing militancy.
36
Who were Padre Pedro Pablo Pelaez and Padre Mariano Gomes de los Angeles?
Filipino priests who requested the revocation of the March 9, 1849 decree
## Footnote
They aimed to recover parishes awarded to religious orders.
37
What was the outcome of the protests held by the priests?
The idea did not come to fruition, but it received support from secular priests
## Footnote
Contributions were made by secular priests in Tagalog areas.
38
What was the significance of the execution of GOMBURZA?
It cemented the legacy of the three Filipino martyr priests and solidified nationalist sentiments
## Footnote
The execution resonated with Filipinos beyond the clergy.
39
What was the role of Governor-General Carlos Maria de la Torre?
Created an environment for progressive ideas to thrive
## Footnote
Allowed for significant freedom of speech and established committees for investigating changes.
40
What was the Propaganda Movement?
A campaign for reforms initiated by Filipino exiles and intellectuals in the 1870s
## Footnote
Aimed at denouncing abuses by Spanish authorities.
41
Who were some notable members of the Propaganda Movement?
* Dr. Jose Rizal
* Graciano Lopez Jaena
* Marcelo H. del Pilar
* Antonio Luna
* Mariano Ponce
* Jose Maria Panganiban
* Eduardo de Lete
* Pedro Paterno
* Isabelo Delos Reyes
* Dominador Gomez
* Pedro Laktaw
* Jose Alejandrino
* Morayta
* Blumentritt
## Footnote
These individuals played significant roles in advocating for reforms.
42
What were the goals of the Propaganda Movement?
* Equality of Spaniards and Filipinos before the law
* Make the Philippines a province of Spain
* Appointment of Filipino representative in the Spanish Assembly
* Freedom of speech and the press
* Secularization and Filipinization of parishes
## Footnote
These goals reflected the desire for greater rights and representation.
43
What notable writings did Rizal produce under the Propaganda Movement?
* FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN ANOS
* SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS
* NOTAS A LA OBRA SUCESOS DE LAS FILIPINOS FOR EL DR. ANTONIO DE MORGA
* THE LETTER TO YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS
* NOLI ME TANGERE
* EL FILIBUSTERISMO
## Footnote
These works highlighted social issues and called for reform.
44
What was the aftermath of the GOMBURZA execution in relation to Filipino nationalism?
Unified Filipinos under a common identity and fueled nationalist sentiment
## Footnote
The execution shocked the populace and led to the Propaganda Movement and later the Philippine Revolution.
45
What did Jose Rizal express about the significance of 1872?
Without 1872, there would not be a Plaridel, a Jaena, a Sanciangco
## Footnote
Rizal emphasized the impact of the GOMBURZA execution on his dedication to reform.
46
What was the significance of the Cavite Mutiny?
Planned not only in Cavite but in Manila, funded by Masons and Filipino liberals
## Footnote
Key figures were arrested and blamed for the unrest.
47
What were the military trials following the Cavite Mutiny?
Sergeants and soldiers were court-martialed and executed; clerics and lawyers were tried by a special military court
## Footnote
Defenders had limited time to prepare their cases.
48
What false testimonies were presented during the trials?
Zaldua claimed Fr. Burgos financed the mutineers and misinterpreted notes found in Fr. Zamora's possession
## Footnote
Testimonies were based on misinterpretations and lacked substantial evidence.
49
What was the execution date of GOMBURZA?
February 17, 1872
## Footnote
The execution was marked by the priests' calm demeanor and final words.
50
What did Archbishop Meliton Martinez do in response to the GOMBURZA execution?
Refused to defrock the priests due to lack of evidence
## Footnote
He allowed the priests to be buried with respect despite the Governor-General's disapproval.
51
What was the impact of the execution on the Filipino clergy's role in the nationalist movement?
Solidified the clergy's role and shaped the ideological foundations of the revolution
## Footnote
Many clergy members became key supporters and advisors during the Philippine Revolution.
52
What did Teodoro Agoncillo state about Filipino identity before 1872?
There was no Filipino History before 1872
## Footnote
Filipinos identified by regional identities rather than a unified national identity.
53
What was a significant outcome of the GOMBURZA execution in terms of national identity?
The execution shocked the Filipino people and led to a realization of Spanish authority's brutality
## Footnote
This fear and outrage pushed Filipinos to fight for independence.
54
Fill in the blank: The _______ Movement emerged in response to the execution of GOMBURZA.
Propaganda
## Footnote
The movement aimed to continue the fight for reforms.
55
What is an imagined community according to Benedict Anderson?
A socially built nation-like group where people may never share a common identity, history, and culture but feel a sense of belonging.
## Footnote
Anderson's concept emphasizes the social construction of national identity.
56
Why is a nation described as 'imagined'?
Because its members will never meet or know most of their fellow members, yet they feel a deep sense of belonging and shared identity.
57
What does 'limited' mean in the context of a nation?
A nation has finite boundaries, even if those boundaries are flexible or contested.
58
What aspiration is associated with nations as described by Anderson?
Nations aspire to self-governance and independence.
59
What does 'community' refer to in Anderson's definition of a nation?
Despite differences (e.g., class, religion, ethnicity), members perceive themselves as part of a horizontal comradeship.
60
How did Rizal contribute to imagining the Philippines as a nation?
His words and actions helped develop a feeling of shared identity and purpose among Filipinos despite their diversity.
61
What themes were depicted in Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo?
The tyranny and longing for freedom of the Filipino people, as well as exposing the excesses of Spanish colonial government and the Catholic Church.
62
What was La Liga Filipina?
A civic association established by Rizal in 1892 dedicated to fostering reform and uniting Filipinos.
63
What was the significance of Rizal's martyrdom in 1896?
It inspired the Filipino people and cemented the belief that the Philippines was a country worth defending.
64
How did Rizal's writings contribute to national consciousness?
They emphasized the value of education, self-respect, and patriotism, enabling Filipinos to see themselves as part of a greater society.
65
What connection exists between Rizal's efforts and Anderson’s theory of imagined communities?
Rizal's writings crafted a common story of suffering, hope, and desire, helping Filipinos feel united as a nation.
66
Fill in the blank: The novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were published in _______ and _______ respectively.
1887 and 1891.
67
True or False: Rizal theorized the Philippines as an 'imagined community'.
False.
68
What role did Rizal play in the formation of Filipino national identity?
He was a key character who cultivated the imagination of the Philippines as a single nation through his life and writings.
