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RAD 102 > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

The determination of the nature and cause of an illness.

A

DIAGNOSIS

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2
Q

Diagnosis begins with ____.

A

Patient History

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3
Q

Four process of interviewing patient history:

A
  1. history of the present illness
  2. Past medical history
  3. Family history
  4. Social history
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4
Q

not yet final diagnosis

A

Working Diagnosis

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5
Q

pertains to a list of possible diagnoses that could relate to the complaints of the patient.

A

Differential Diagnosis (DDx)

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6
Q

done to get the best possible diagnosis among the list of the DDx

A

Art of Elimination

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7
Q

done whether there are abnormalities or none.

A

X-rays and other tests

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8
Q

general observation of the patient, from the whole down to the specific body areas

A

Inspection

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9
Q

a method of feeling with the fingers or hands to examine the size, consistency, texture, location, and tenderness of an organ or body part

A

Palpation

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10
Q

a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination

A

Percussion

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11
Q

used to assess the sounds of the body during a physical examination with ot without a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

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12
Q

measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life.

A

Vital signs

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13
Q

Enumerate the vital signs recorded:

A
  1. Heart Rate
  2. Blood Pressure
  3. Oxygen Saturation
  4. Respiration
  5. Temperature
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14
Q

Normal Heart Rate

A

60 to 100 beats per minute

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15
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg

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16
Q

Normal Oxygen Saturation

A

95% or higher

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17
Q

Normal Respiration

A

12 to 18 breaths per minute

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18
Q

Normal Temperature

A

36.5 to 37.3 degrees celcius or 97.8 to 99.1 degrees farenheit

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19
Q

Lab test of urine, feces, blood, etc

A

Sample Analysis

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20
Q

a thin tube is inserted under local anesthesia through oral or nasal means to visually observe within a body cavity or canal.

A

Endoscopy

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21
Q

What is needed to be accomplished before a procedure

A

Informed Consent

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22
Q

What position is the patient in during an endoscopy?

A

Sim’s Position

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23
Q

What cavity is usually examined during Endoscopy?

A

GI or Gastrointestinal tract

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24
Q

removal of tissue for microscopic examination

A

Biopsy

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25
removal of tissue for microscopic examination on a deceased body
Autopsy
26
Use of x-rays passed through the body to produce a two-dimensional picture of internal structures.
General Radiography
27
Use of x-rays to obtain real time visualization of moving anatomic structures
Fluoroscopy
28
What device is used in fluoroscopy?
Fluoroscope
29
Fluoroscopy involves the usage of contrast media. True or False?
True
30
subtype of fluoroscopy; An imaging acquisition technique of producing successive images of an organ in motion appearing on a fluoroscopic screen with a movie camera
Cineradiography
31
What contrast media is used in fluoroscopy?
Barium Sulfate
32
If barium Sulfate is used as contrast media, how is it taken by the patient?
Orally
33
If barium enema is used as contrast media, how is it taken by the patient?
Through the anus
34
Use of a computer to generate an image from a large number of x-rays passed at different angles through the body; a three-dimensional picture of a cross-section of the body is obtained;
Computed Tomography Scan
35
Is CT ionizing or non-ionzing?
ionizing
36
CT is superior for what structures?
Bony structures
37
Production of three-dimensional pictures of a cross section of the body through the use of a magnetic field and radio waves
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
38
Is MRI ionizing or non-ionzing?
non-ionizing
39
Diagnostic test in Nuclear Medicine. Production of an image of the distribution of radioactivity in tissues after internal administration of a radioactive substance
Scintigraphy
40
How are scintgraphic images obtained?
Using a scintillation camera
41
What do you call the record produced in scintigraphy?
Scinitscan
42
What radiation is used in scintigraphy?
gamma rays or alpha radiation
43
Production of sectional body images by administration of a positron-emitting radioactive substance; the rays subsequently emitted are interpreted by computer to show the internal distribution of the substance administered
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
44
scintigraphic technique that permits visualization of the cross-sectional distribution of a radioactive substance
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
45
What radiation is used in SPECT?
gamma rays
46
What radiation is used in PET?
Radioactivity of positron emission
47
Generation of a visual image from the echoes of high-frequency sound waves traveling back from different tissues
Ultrasonography
48
The probe used for the abdomen in finding deep organs
curvilinear probe
49
air, gas
aero/o
50
pressure
bar/o
51
color, stain
chrom/o, chromat/o
52
time
chron/o
53
cold
cry/o
54
electricity
electr/o
55
work
erg/o
56
sound/voice
phon/o
57
light
phot/o
58
radiation
radi/o
59
sound
son/o
60
heat, temp
therm/o
61
light/fluorescence
fluor/o
62
to cut, section
tom/o
63
instrument for recording data
-graph
64
act of recording data
-graphy
65
a record of data
-gram
66
instrument for measuring
-meter
67
measurement of
-metry
68
instrument for viewing or examining
-scope
69
examination of
-scopy
70
The branch of medicine that uses radiation, such as x-rays, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease; a specialist in this field is a radiologist.
Radiology
71
The branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, therapy, and research.
Nuclear Medicine
72
Consists of counseling, drugs, surgery, radiation, physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric treatment, or a combination of these.
Treatment
73
a prediction of the outcome of the disease
Prognosis
74
a method for treating disease or injury by manual operations.
Surgery
75
cutting or puncturing tissue with a sharp instrument to enter or access a certain internal part of the body.
Incision
76
(cutting out) of diseased or abnormal tissue; to repair wounds or injuries;
excision
77
Surgery may compensate for lost function
Restoration
78
any therapy that provides relief but is NOT intended as a cure.
palliative treatment
79
given before surgery and includes examination, obtaining the patient’s informed consent for the procedure, and pre-admission testing.
Preoperative care
80
includes recovery from anesthesia, follow-up evaluations, and instructions for home care.
Postoperative care
81
slender, flexible instrument for exploring and dilating tubes
bougie
82
tube enclosing a trocar that allows escape of fluid or air after removal of the trocar
cannula
83
instrument used to compress tissue
clamp
84
spoon-shaped instrument for removing material from the wall of a cavity or other surface
curet (curette)
85
instrument for lifting tissue or bone
elevator
86
instrument for holding or extracting
forceps
87
flexible wire saw
gigli saw
88
small clamp for stopping blood flow from a vessel
hemostat
89
surgical file
rasp
90
instrument used to maintain exposure by separating a wound and holding back organs or tissues
retractor
91
gouge forceps
rongeur
92
surgical knife with a sharp blade
scalpel
93
a cutting instrument with two opposing blades
scissors
94
instrument for exploring a cavity or canal
sound
95
sharp-pointed instrument contained in a cannula used to puncture a cavity
trocar
96
puncture, tap
-centesis
97
binding, fusion
-desis
98
excision, surgical removal
-ectomy
99
surgical fixation
-pexy
100
plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
-plasty
101
surgical repair, suture
-rhaphy
102
surgical creation of an opening
-stomy
103
instrument for incising
-tome
104
incision, cutting
-tomy
105
crushing
-tripsy
106
Two methods used to classify cancers to select and evaluate therapy and estimate the outcome of the disease
Grading & Staging
107
based on histologic changes observed in the tumor cells when they are examined microscopically.
grading
108
a procedure for establishing the clinical extent of tumor spread, both at the original site and in other parts of the body (metastases).
staging
109
A standardized criteria to stage different types of cancer.
TNM staging
110
T
original (primary) tumor
111
N
describes whether or not the cancer has reached nearby lymph nodes
112
M
tells whether there are distant metastases

RAD 102 (1 decks)

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