midterms Flashcards
1
Q
scientific name of goat
A
Capra hircus
2
Q
What term describes a goat’s ability to control vegetation by feeding?
A
Biological herbicide
3
Q
What type of feeder is a goat, known for preferring shrubs and herbs over grasses?
A
Browser
4
Q
What body part helps goats be selective in their feeding habits?
A
mobile lips
5
Q
What percentage of a goat’s diet consists of shrubs and herbs (forbs)?
A
60%
6
Q
What part of trees are goats capable of eating?
A
Bark
7
Q
What is the scientific name of a sheep?
A
Ovis aries
8
Q
What term describes a sheep’s ability to maintain lawns by grazing?
A
Biological lawnmower
8
Q
What type of feeder is a sheep?
A
Grazer
9
Q
What social behavior do sheep exhibit that helps them stay together in groups?
A
Flocking instinct
10
Q
How does a sheep’s feeding preference compare to a goat’s?
A
less selective than goats in choosing their food
11
Q
how many chromosomes does goat have?
A
60
11
Q
quadrupedal ruminant mammals
A
sheep
12
Q
What unique feature is present on a sheep’s upper lip?
A
philtrum
12
Q
Any of various hollow-horned mammals
A
goat
13
Q
how many chromosomes does sheep have?
A
54
14
Q
what animal is more associated with the “Maaah” sound?
A
goat
14
Q
what animal
A
15
Q
what animal is more associated with the “Baaa” sound
A
sheep
16
Q
How does the tail posture of a goat differ from that of a sheep?
A
goat’s tail is usually upright or slightly curved.
sheep’s tail naturally hangs downward
17
Q
are goats naturally horn?
A
yes
18
Q
where can you find scent glands in sheeps?
A
Between hooves
18
Q
animal that has narrower, upright, less curved horn
A
goat
18
Q
where can you find scent glands in goats?
A
Base of horn; beneath tail
19
what goat breed?
small, stocky and low set. Color varies from red, white, or black, or combination of these colors
Philippine native goat
19
animal that has curl loops horn at side of head
sheep
20
mature weight of philippine native goat?
20-25 kg
20
how many ml does philippine native goat produce?
400 ml 0r (0.4 L)
21
mature weight of boer
70 - 90 kg
21
lactation period of philippine native goat?
187 days
22
what goat breed?
it is meat type with short to medium hair and horns are prominents.
In terms of color, it has reddish brown head w/ white body and legs
boer
23
average milk production of boer
1-1.5 L
24
how many days does the lactation period of boer last?
200 days
25
what goat breed?
dairy type that has proud and graceful appearance. Another prominent characteristic is the long, wide and pendulous ears and roman nose.
In terms of color, it varies from black, gray, cream, white shades of tan, reddisj brown, facial stripes.
anglo-nubian
25
mature weight of anglo nubian?
60-75kg
26
average milk production of anglo-nubian
1.5 - 2 liters
27
lactation period of anglo nubian
250 days
28
what goat breed?
well built milky head and neck, straight nose and erect ears
cream to white with black spot on nose and udder
saanen
29
queen of dairy goats
saanen
30
mature weight of saanen
65-75
31
average milk production of saanen
2
32
lactation period of saanen
280 days
33
what goat breed?
sturdy, vigorous and long life;
ears are short and erect or pointed forward
light to dark chocolate with distinct white markings; 2 white stripes down the muzzle; fairly white from knees downward and hind legs
toggenburg
34
mature weight of toggenburg
60-80 kg
34
Lactation period of toggenburg
220 days
34
Alert, graceful, hardy, adaptable to any climatic condition, friendly, ears are upright
alpine
34
average milk production of toggenburg
1.5-1.75 L
35
origin and purpose of alpine
france
milk type
35
what goat breed
characteristics:
hardiness
ability to achieve substantial weight gains under natural conditions
color:
large framed, generally white
kiko
36
mature weight of kiko
25-40 kg
37
La Mancha orgin and purpose
spain
meat and milk
38
what goat breed
docile, even temperament.
has gopher ears ( no cartilage but only a ring of skin around auditory canal)
La Mancha
39
what sheep breed
Raised primarily for meat
Fleet of foot
Hair sheep
Color from light tan to a dark mahogany red with black stripes in the face and black legs.
Barbados blackbelly
40
what sheep breed
also called Scottish Blackface
Carpet (type of wool)
originally Scotland, now also U.S., Italy, Argentina
black or mottled, horned
stylish appearance
Black-Faced Highland
41
what sheep breed
Medium(type of wool)
developed in U.S. since 1912
large, white-faced, hornless
high wool yield; mutton acceptable
columbia
42
what sheep breed
Medium(type of wool)
developed in N.Z., now also in U.S., Australia
white-faced, hornless
bright, soft fleece; good quality lambs
corriedale
43
what sheep breed
Long(type of wool)
originally England, now also U.S.
large, white-faced, hornless
coarse, curly fleece; acceptable mutton
44
what sheep breed
originally Central Asia, now also Africa, Europe, U.S.
medium-sized, fat-tailed
coats of very young lambs called Persian lamb
karakul
44
what sheep breed
Medium(type of wool)
developed in England, now also widespread in U.S.
large, hornless; dark face and legs
superior mutton breed; limited wool
hampshire
44
what sheep breed
Medium(type of wool)
developed in England, now in U.K., U.S., Australia
medium-sized, white-faced
small wool yield; out-of-season lambs; horned and hornless varieties
dorset
44
what sheep breed
Medium size breed
Minimal wool on their well-rounded bodies
Medium size face and straight profile
Face and legs are clean of wool and smooth.
Color: white or white with black heads
dorper
45
what sheep breed
Long(type of wool)
originally England, now U.K., North America
massive body, white-faced, broad-backed
heavy fleece
leicester
46
what sheep breed
47
what sheep breed
48
what sheep breed
fine(type of wool)
originally Spain, now also Australia, North America, South Africa
horned or hornless, heavily- wooled head
excellent, fine, soft fleeces
merino
48
what sheep breed
medium(type of wool)
originally Scotland, now widespread
white chalk; large, deep-bodied
hardy; produces superior fleece
north country cheviot
49
what sheep breed
long(type of wool)
originally England, now also Australia, N.Z., North and South America
world's largest sheep, hornless
coarse, long wool is used chiefly for carpets
lincoln
50
what sheep breed
fine(type of wool)
developed in France from the 18th century, now also in U.S.
smooth-bodied, horned or hornless
lambs mature rapidly; bred from Merino
rambouillet
51
what sheep breed
long(type of wool)
originally England, now also N.Z., North America, Australia
hornless with white face and legs
mostly raised for mutton; wool used for variety of products
romney
52
what sheep breed
Medium(type of wool)
originally England, now also N.Z., Australia, North America
hornless with small, rounded body
raised for mutton; fleece is short
southdown
52
is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value of domestic livestock.
animal breeding
53
what sheep breed
medium(type of wool)
developed in England, now also in U.S.
black face and legs, large, hornless
fine mutton breed; acceptable wool
suffolk
54
what sheep breed
completely white with others being solid tan, brown, black or white
ewes are polled(no horns), and rams have a large throat ruff.
mature ewes weight 68 kg. And rams weigth 90 kgs
St. Croix
55
is the process by which animals produce offspring for the purpose of continuing species.
reproduction
56
weaning age of goat and sheep
g = 2-4 months
s= 3-5 months
57
age at puberty of goat and sheep
g = 6-8 months
s= 6-10 months
57
estrus cycle of goat and sheep
g= 18-21 days
s= 15-19 days
58
estrus period of goat and sheep
g= 2-3 days
s= 1-2 days (24-48 hours)
59
ovulation of goat and sheep
g= 33 hours
s= 12 hours before end of estrus
60
kidding interval for purebred goat
240 days
60
gestation period of goat and sheep
g=145-155 days
s= 144-151 days
60
kidding interval for native
210-260 days
60
kidding interval for purebred sheep
none
61
lambing interval
270 - 307 days
62
Signs of in heat/estrus ewe and does
Restlessness and sometimes bleating/bellowing.
As in the doe, the vulva is swollen and redder than usual, and there is a discharge of mucus but is difficult to see in a ewe with a tail or fleece.
Frequent urination in small amount.
Tail wagging and mounting of other goat and sheep regardless of sex.
standing heat
62
post partum estrus of goat and sheep
g = 35-45 days
s= 21-22 days
62
how many ewes can ram mate for a day
3-4
63
ram to ewe recommendation for mature ram
1:30-40
63
ram to ewe recommendation for ram lamb
1:15-30
64
recommended ratio for junior buck (1 year old)
1:20
65
recommended ratio for 2 years old buck
1:25
66
recommended ratio for 3 years old buck
1:30-40
67
is the method used by breeders and animal raisers to make long-term genetic change. It is the process that determines which individual animals become parents, how many offspring they produce, and how long they remain in the breeding population.
selection
68
what are the important economic when choosing which goat and sheep are to be raised.
growth rate
prolificacy
body size
milk yield
resistance to diseases
adaptability to environment and production condition
69
kinds of selection
natural
artificial
69
survival of the fittest
natural selection
69
The interference of man in achieving certain goals and
personal ideas
artificial selection
69
Method of Selection
Pedigree
Independent culling method
Tandem method
Selection index
70
based on the individual record of ancestry.
pedigree
71
selection is based on set standard of each trait. Failure to meet that standard will permit culling even the animal performed well in other traits.
Independent culling method
72
This refers to the system in which there is selection for one trait at a time until the desired improvement in that particular trait is reached
tandem selection
73
basis of selection
The animal’s own phenotypic merit
Pedigree information and collateral relatives ( brothers, sisters, and cousins, uncle, etc.) information
Progeny test
73
established to measure the individual traits of the breeders. The most efficient method to select for several traits. It combines the economic and genetic information of all traits measured.
selection index
73
This involves the selection based on the performance of the individual’s progeny or offspring.
Progeny test
74
useful in determining the relative progress made in selection to improve various traits. It is the proportion of gain made an selection of parents that is passed on to the offspring.
Heritability Estimates
75
different mating system
hand/pen mating
pasture mating
AI
75
The buck/ram is brought in and let loose with the herd of breeding doe/ewe during the breeding season. This system gives the full freedom to breed an in-heat doe or ewe.
Pasture Mating
76
what are the important traits under heritability estimates for breeder goats
birth weight (kg)
90-day weight (kg)
Post weaning, Average Daily Gain, g/d
weaning weight
weight at 7 months
adult weight
milk yield per lactation
protein yield
protein %
fat %
Fat yield
Milking time
Age at kidding
multiple birth
76
what are the important traits under heritability estimates for breeder sheep
REPRODUCTIVE:
ewe fertility
prolificacy
scrotal circumference
age of puberty
CARCASS
carcass weight
weight of trimmed retail cuts
percent of trimmed retail cuts
loin aye area
weaning weight
post weaning gain efficiency
post weaning rate of gain
feed efficiency
FLEECE:
grease fleece weight
clean fleece weight
percnt yield
staple length
fiber diameter
77
an in-heat doe/ewe is brought into the buck/ram or vice versa. After breeding the two are separated. In this system, the service of the buck/ram is fully controlled.
HAND/PEN MATING
78
was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell
DOLLY
78
Is a reproductive technology in which semen is collected from males and then used in fresh or frozen semen to breed females.
Artificial Insemination
79
what breed did wilmuth and campbell used for creating dolly
finnish-dorset
80
who cloned two finnish-dorset to create dolly
Ian Wilmut
Keith Campbell
81
is a volatile substance secreted or released to the oustide of the body and perceived by the olfactory system and/ or activated by the vomeronasal organ
pheromone
81
it is connected to the 2 small openings in the anterior roof of the mouth behind the upper lip
vomeronasal organ
81
characterized by head elevation and curling up of the upper lip
flehmen behavior
81
__ secretions and __ evoke an investigative behavior known as flehmen reponse
vaginal and urine
82
being used to infuse exotic bloodline of bucks/rams to an existing breed, usually native or unimproved females.
Upgrading or Grading up
83
practiced when a raiser wants to maintain primarily the purity of his stocks.
Purebreeding
84
is achieved when bucks/rams of one breed or breed combination are mated to does and ewe of another breed or breed combination. This type of mating aims at achieving heterosis or hybrid vigor among the resulting crossbred progenies.
Crossbreeding
84
XY
SIRE (MALE)
84
XX
DAM (FEMALE)
