Midterms Flashcards
is a combination of the
different established sciences which involve and affect the holistic care of the nurses
towards the patient
Nursing Science
the aim is to provide the best intervention or action that has been proven to be elective.
Evidence Based Practice
(ADCs) introduced, reducing medication errors
Automated Dispensing Cabinets
Evolution of large, integrated healthcare delivery systems that required standardization across facilities for cost control and quality care
Large Healthcare Systems
Relational databases, client-server architectures, and new programming methods enhance application development
Database and Technology Advances
(BCMA) system implemented in hospitals to reduce medication errors
Barcode Medication Administration
Raw, unprocessed facts Can take various forms: alphabetic, numeric, audio, image, video, or combinations
Data
Data processed into a meaningful context
Information
Understanding how to use processed information to make decisions or perform tasks
Knowledge
Types of Data in Healthcare
-Alphabetic
-Letters
-Numeric
-Audio
-Image
-Pictures/graphics
-Video
-Moving visuals
Characteristics of Quality Information
list them
-Accessibility
-Security
-Accuracy
-Relevancy
-Completeness
-Flexibility
-Reliability
-Objectivity
-Utility
-Transparency
-Verifiability
-Reproducibility
Available to authorized users at the right time.
Accessibility
Protection from unauthorized access
Security
Relevant when needed
Timeliness
Free from errors
Accuracy
Appropriate for the purpose
Relevancy
Includes all necessary details
Completeness
Useful for multiple purposes
Flexibility
Based on credible data sources
Reliability
Unbiased and factual
Objectivity
Useful for decision-making
Utility
Easy to use without distraction
Transparency
Can be proven correct
Verifiability
Produces the same result consistently
Reproducibility
the study of computational systems for storing and retrieving information, especially scientific or technical information
Information Science/Informatics/Computing
deemed one of the founders of informatics. He was a German computer scientist, cyberneticist, and electrical engineer
Karl Steinbuch
set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store data, distribute information to support decision making and provide a feedback mechanism to monitor performance
Information System
consists of input/output device, processor, operating system and media devices
Hardware
consists of various programs and procedures
Software
consists of data organized in the required structure
Database
consists of hubs, communication media and network devices
Network
consist of device operators, network administrators and system specialist
People
study of complex systems, information and computation using applied mathematics, electrical engineering and software engineering techniques
Computer science
study of the processing, management, and retrieval of Information
Information science
Steps in Nursing Informatics Process
- identifying the issues
- exploring alternatives
- devising solutions
- implementing solutions
- evaluating and modifying patient
goals
a global advisor, thought leader and member-based society committed to reforming the global health ecosystem
through the power of information and technology.
Healthcare Information and
Management Systems Society
what does HIMSS stand for
Healthcare Information and
Management Systems Society
designed to address skills that all nurses will need in the 21st century
Technology
Informatics Guiding Education
Reform Initiative
what does T.I.G.E.R stand for
Technology
Informatics Guiding Education
Reform Initiative
The nurse has a duty to maintain confidentiality of all patient information, both personal and
clinical, in the work setting and off duty in all venues, including social media or any other means of communication
Privacy & Confidentiality
refers to the individuals
freedom from controlling interference by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices, such as
adequate understanding.
Autonomy
asserts an obligation not to inflict harm intentionally and forms the framework for the standard of due care to be met by any professional
Non-Maleficence
a departure from the standard due of care toward others
Negligence
refers to actions performed that contribute to the welfare of others
Beneficence
refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to a person.
Justice
concerned with unpredictable courses of events. The irregular and unpredictable time evolution of many nonlinear and complex linear systems
Chaos Theory
Understanding
through assimilation of experiences
improves memory and the ability to gain
knowledge from and information system
such as using a smart phone and
computers; is part of social informatics and
artificial intelligence.
Cognitive Science
informatics nurse
would use technology and informatics to
apply algorithms to analyze the steps in a
problem, thus gaining knowledge, then build
automation to solve problems. A computer
is a tool of this science, not its focus.
Computer Science
the theory and
development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human
intelligence, such as visual perception,
speech recognition, decision-making, and
translation between languages
Artificial Intelligence
Components of Artificial Intelligence:
a) learning
b) reasoning
c) problem-solving
d) perception
e) language-understanding
the process of reviewing
barriers to change
Force Field Analysis
3 stages of Force Field Analysis
unfreezing, moving, and refreezing
federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
What does HIPAA stand for
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
collection of physical parts of a computer system
HARDWARE
printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted
MOTHERBOARD
primary component of a computer that processes instructions
CPU
What does CPU stand for
Central Processing Unit
short-term memory where data is stored as the processor needs it
RAM
What does RAM stand for
random-access memory
specialized for rendering all images on the computer’s screen
GPU
What does GPU stand for
Graphics Processing Unit
electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material
HARD DRIVE
uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage
SOLID STATE DRIVE
an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load
POWER SUPPLY
type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
operating system that runs from a disk drive
Disk Operating System
examples of operating systems
Windows, Linux, MacOS
examples of word processing software
Word, WordPad, Notepad
allows users to maintain, store, access and save data in a central location. It also enables users to easily manage permissions and access to the database, creating a secure environment for the data
Database Software
an open-source relational database management system
MySQL
cross-platform relational database application from Claris International, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a graphical user interface (GUI) and security features, allowing users to modify a database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms
FileMaker
the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate
MULTIMEDIA
any software that satisfies the open software initiative (OSI) definition
OPEN SOURCE
Is a matter of the user’s freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software
FREE SOFTWARE
involves collecting, analyzing, and evaluating healthcare data to improve patient care, clinical decision-making, and healthcare outcomes. It ensures data quality, integrity, and usability in clinical settings
DATA ASSESSMENT IN NURSING INFORMATICS
Types of Data in Nursing Informatics
-Patient Data
-Clinical Data
-Operational Data
-Financial Data
-Quality & Performance Data
Demographics, medical history, vital signs, lab results
what type of data
Patient Data
Nursing assessments, progress notes, medications, treatment plans
what type of data
Clinical Data
Staffing schedules, resource allocation, workflow processes
what type of data
Operational Data
Billing, insurance claims, cost of care
what type of data
Financial Data
Patient satisfaction, hospital-acquired infection rates
what type of data
Quality & Performance Data
Automatically store patient data and nursing intervention
Electronic Health Records
Track real-time patient vitals
Wearable Health Devices
Provide alerts and recommendations based on patient data
Clinical Decision Support Systems
Collect data from patients outside hospital settings
Telehealth & Remote Monitoring
Self-reported data on symptoms and treatment effectiveness
Patient-Reported Outcomes
ware program used for qualitative and mixed-methods research. Specifically, it is used for the analysis of unstructured text, audio, video, and image data, including (but not limited to) interviews, focus groups, surveys, social media, and journal articles
NVIVO
set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other
Computer Network
computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio
MODEM
standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network
THE FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
People go through stages when deciding to adopt an innovation such as an EHR or other changes
what is this theory
Rogers Change Theory: Diffusion of Innovation
The Five Categories of Adopters
- Innovators
- Early Adopters
- Early Majority
- Late Majority
- Laggards
Risk-takers, eager to try new technologies, and often involved in pilot programs
Innovators
Influential leaders who adopt innovations early and help promote them to others
Early Adopters
Thoughtful adopters who need evidence of success before committing
Early Majority
Skeptical and resistant to change but will adopt when peer pressure or organizational mandates push them
Late Majority
Resistant to change and prefer traditional methods
Laggards
Provides insight into the complexity of an information system by breaking things down into smaller parts to better understand a process to see how one might affect the other
General Systems Theory
who made the General Systems Theory
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
The purpose of this model is to depict system components, influencing factors, and relationships that need to be considered when attempting to capture the complexities of professional nursing practice
Clinical Information System Model
Nursing Informatics models is composed of 5 general models
- Graves and Corcoran’s model
- Schiwirian model
- Turley’s model
- Data Information Knowledge (D-I-K) model
- Benner’s Novice to Expert model
conceptual framework used in nursing informatics to explain how nurses generate, process, and apply knowledge in practice. It emphasizes the continuous interaction between knowledge acquisition, knowledge generation, knowledge processing, and knowledge dissemination to improve patient care and nursing practice
McGonigle and Mastrian Foundation of Knowledge Model 2012
The process of collecting and obtaining knowledge from various sources
Knowledge Acquisition
The process of creating new knowledge through research, critical thinking, and clinical expertise
Knowledge Generation
The sharing of knowledge among healthcare professionals and patients to improve outcomes
Knowledge Dissemination
supports both quantitative and qualitative research where the inclusion of new self-management interventional goals can provide unique measurable outcomes
The Empowerment Informatics Framework
According to _________ and ___________ Model (1989) that nursing informatics as the linear progression, from data into information and knowledge
Graves and Corcoran’s
model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics in 1989. Model/framework that enables identification of significant information needs, that can foster research
PATRICIA SCHIWIRIAN’S MODEL
Nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline-specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics. And in this model, there are 3 core components of informatics, namely Cognitive science, Information science and Computer science
Turley’s Model
individuals with no experience of situations and related content in those situations where they are expected to perform task
Novice
marginally demonstrate acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their expanding experience base; needs supervision
Advanced beginner
enhanced mastery and ability to cope with and manage contingencies
Competent
evolution through continuous practice of skill, combined with professional experience and knowledge; individual who appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics
Proficient
individual with mastery of the concept and capacity to intuitively understand the situation and immediately target the problem with minimal effort or problem solving
Experts
foundational framework in nursing informatics that explains how raw data is transformed into meaningful knowledge for clinical decision-making and improved patient care
Data Information Knowledge Model
Patient Care shift/progresses from a high-quality delivery of life through technology with minimal health costs
Inverse relationship between quality of life and cost of care/day
Intel’s Shift Left Model
list the dimensions of Patient Medical Record Information Model
- Personal Health Dimension
- Health Care Provider Dimension
- Population Health Dimension
Area of expertise within the health professionals that focus specifically with human responses to life-threatening problems
Critical Care
Provide real-time resource utilization data and management of information and access critical care areas through the integration of the medical facilities in the ICU to an intelligent computer system which is capable of processing all of these data
CRITICAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM
provides a generalized method of attaching patient monitoring devices to a common interface. This interface converts the unique manufacturer data communications protocol into a standardized hardware and software system
Medical Information Bus
Covers a wide range of HCS that are provided for patients who are not admitted overnight to a hospital
Ambulatory Care
umbrella term covering the systems and services related to the delivery of assistive products and services
Assistive technology
Use of telecommunication technologies to provide health care services to clients and provide access to health-related information for both the clients and healthcare providers
Telehealth
