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IRS (Ray's) > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

• Heart of library operations and represent the public face of access
to information.

• Are essential as they provide a means for library users to efficiently and accurately access information.

A

Reference and Information Services

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2
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during early history?

A

•Librarians concentrated on
acquiring and organizing materials

•Library users were expected to find what they needed independently.

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3
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during 1976?

A

Reference service is generally attributed to Samuel Swett Green

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4
Q

Who is the father of Reference Services?

A

Samuel Swett Green

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5
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during 1876?

A

• Samuel Green, librarian of the
Worcester Free Public Library in
Massachusetts, develops the concept of
librarians assisting users in book selection.

• Samuel Swett Green published the first article on helping
patrons use the library.

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6
Q

What did Samuel Swett Green state in American Library Journal?

A

“Personal intercourse and relations between librarians and readers are useful in all libraries.”

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7
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during 1915?

A

• At the 37th meeting of the American Library Association, William Warner Bishop defines reference work as “the service rendered by a librarian in aid of some sort of study.”

• Bishop emphasizes that reference work is an organized effort to make the most expeditious and fruitful use of library books.

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8
Q

Who is William Warner Bishop?

A

Superintendent of the Reading Room of the Library of Congress

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9
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during 1923?

A

• Charles Williamson’s report, “Training
for Library Service: A Report Prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York, “ further develops the idea of reference service.

• Williamson’s work underscored the importance of specialized training for librarians, emphasizing that effective reference service requires a deep understanding of various informational resources.

• Report aimed to prepare librarians to assist users more effectively, equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate complex information landscapes.

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10
Q

What is included in Charles Williamson’s report, “Training for Library Service: A Report Prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York”?

A

Report includes a course description for reference work, covering standard reference works, encyclopedias, dictionaries, indexes, and more.

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11
Q

Which authors contributed to the refinement of the reference librarian’s role?

A

Various authors, including:

William A. Katz (2001)
Linda C. Smith and Melissa A. Wong
(2016),

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12
Q

How did William A. Katz contribute to the refinement of the reference librarian’s role?

A

Emphasized the importance of
developing critical thinking skills and
adaptability among reference librarians

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13
Q

How did Linda C. Smith and Melissa A. Wong contribute to the refinement of the reference librarian’s role?

A

Further explored the integration of technology in reference services, advocating for librarians to embrace new tools and platforms that enhance user access and engagement.

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14
Q

Historical Background:

What happened during the 21st century?

A

• The core mission of reference service remains the same – assisting individual users.

• Reference librarians interact with patrons on a one-to-one basis, whether in person or virtually.

• Advancements in technology, such as the telephone, email, chat, and instant messaging (IM) reference, expand the ways librarians provide assistance.

• Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter also become channels for reference services.

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15
Q

• May be either a book or periodical (or its electronic equivalent) that contains useful facts and information.

• Used to find particular pieces of information, rather than read from beginning to end.

A

Reference Work

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16
Q

•Defined to include the professional advice and assistance.

• Establishing the contact between reader and book by personal service

A

Reference Service

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17
Q

The major objectives of providing reference services to
its users are:
(8)

A
  1. To protect and arrange the collection.
  2. To present the collection before the readers.
  3. To have trained and professional librarians.
  4. To encourage coordination between employees and readers.
  5. To save the time of the reader.
  6. To conduct the fact-finding research.
  7. To develop the library.
  8. To maximize use of reference services.
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18
Q

Reference Librarian performs 4 functions:

A

• INSTRUCTING the readers in a ways of the library
• ASSISTING the reader with his queries
• AIDING the reader in the selection of good works
• PROMOTING the library within the community

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19
Q

• Process of answering questions to satisfy the information requirements of the user.

• Process of satisfying, specific, recurrent information needs.

A

Reference process

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20
Q

8 Basic Steps in Reference Process

A
  1. Identification of the essential information in the request of a library user.
  2. Determine whether any clarification or amplification of the query is required.
  3. Refine the statement of the user and transform the query statement of the user into subject descriptors/keywords.
  4. Formulate a search strategy.
  5. Mentally identify categories of reference tools likely to contain the type of information needed.
  6. Selection of a specific title in which to begin searching for an answer to the query.
  7. Location of an answer within the pages of the specific title(s)/database(s) selected.
  8. Selection of an answer.
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21
Q

Process of determining whether any clarification or amplification of the query is required.

• Reference librarian’s task is to translate the patron’s question into one that can be answered with the library’s resources.

A

Reference Interview

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22
Q

Line of action formulated for searching the information.

A

Search strategy

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23
Q

Who created and updated the “Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers” which list five important elements, or stages, of the reference interview.

A

Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) of the American Library Association

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24
Q

5 Elements or stages of “Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers”

A

Approachability
Interest
Listening/ Inquiring
Searching
Follow up (RUSA 2004)

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25
Q

Element of Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers:

• Matter of good hospitality, you want to make the patron feel that she or he can ask you a question

A

Approachability

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26
Q

Element of “Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers”:

• You want to appear interested in the question that the patron asks.

A

Interested

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27
Q

Element of Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers:

• We are ready to ask patron clarifying questions which will get us to the heart of their reference need and listen to their responses.

A

Listening/ Inquiring

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28
Q

Element of Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers:

• Is considered RUSA’s fourth stage of the reference interview

A

Searching

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29
Q

Element of Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers:

• Final stage in the RUSA Guidelines for a good reference interview when the reference session is winding down.

A

Follow up (RUSA 2004)

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30
Q

Offer several good suggestions for how to interact with patrons to ensure that they find the most relevant and useful material for their questions.

A

RUSA’s “Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers”

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31
Q

An intermediate step between the patron’s question and the ideal resource to answer that question.

A

Reference Interview

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32
Q

“Father” of librarianship in India,

A

S. R. Ranganathan (1931)

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33
Q

5 Laws of Library Science

A
  1. Books are for use.
  2. Every person his or her book.
  3. Every book its reader.
  4. Save the time of the reader.
  5. The library is a growing organism
34
Q

What is the most applicable Ranganathan’s laws to the reference interview?

A

4th Law

35
Q

Involves a series of steps to effectively find information or resources.

A

Searching procedure

36
Q

Searching procedure: (5)

A
  1. Identify
  2. Find
  3. Evaluate
  4. Apply
  5. Acknowledge
37
Q

Searching procedure:

• Develop your topic
• Identify Keywords

A

Identify

38
Q

Searching procedure:

• Catalog
• Indexes
• Internet

A

Find

39
Q

Searching procedure:

• Author
• Date of Publication

A

Evaluate

40
Q

Searching procedure:

• Organize

A

Apply

41
Q

Searching procedure:

• Cite your sources

A

Acknowledge

42
Q

Book designed by the arrangement and treatment of its subject matter to be consulted for definitive items of information than to be read consecutively.

A

Reference Sources

43
Q

Stated that, a good reference sources answers the questions and a poor reference source fails to answer the question.

A

William Katz (2002)

44
Q

We evaluate reference sources because:
(4)

A

• To get accurate information
• To get the best materials
• To get the high-quality collections
• To get the best value for your money

45
Q

Evaluating for Purchase:
(4)

A

• Flyers & Catalogs
• Bookstores & Larger Libraries
• Exhibits
• Reviews

46
Q

The reputation and credentials of the
publisher and author.

A

Authority

47
Q

Copy right of the book or the most recent update of the resources.

A

Currency

48
Q

2 different issues of Currency

A

Publication Date
The Content

49
Q

The target audience of the sources

A

Audience

50
Q

•The entries must be consistent.

•They should reinforce one another and should not contradict each information.

A

Accuracy

51
Q

Check if the sources are easy to use

A

Accessibility

52
Q

Evaluating Print Resources:

• Author =
• Title =
• Volume =
• Edition =
• Series =
• Date of Publication =
• Place of Publication =

A

• Foreword or Preface
• Instructions for use
• Table of Contents
• Glossary
• Text
• Appendix
• Index

53
Q

Additional Criteria for Evaluating Print Resources: (10)

A

• Scope
• Details
• Completeness
• Purpose
• Clarity
• Organization
• Understandability
• Arrangement
• Index and Cross References
• Special Features

54
Q

Provides answers to brief facts, statistical information, background information, or directs you to additional information sources.

A

Basic Reference Sources

55
Q

Standard works that are used to locate specific types of information.

A

Reference Sources

56
Q

Examples of reference source

A

• Dictionarie
• Encyclopedias
• Handbooks
• Yearbooks
• Almanac• Directories
• Biographical and geographical sources

57
Q

•Specifically designed to provide required information quickly and in the most convenient form.

•Specially compiled to provide answers to any type of queries that might bev raised by the user of a library

A

Reference books

58
Q

Essential component of academic research, serving as a comprehensive list of documents.

A

Bibliography

59
Q

3 Types of Bibliographies

A

Annotated
Enumerative
Descriptive

60
Q

Includes summaries and evaluations of sources.

A

Annotated

61
Q

Lists works based on author, subject, or date.

A

Enumerative

62
Q

Focuses on physical characteristics like paper and binding.

A

Descriptive

63
Q

2 Types of Annotated Bibliographies:

A

Descriptive or Informative
Analytical or Critical

64
Q

It explains the main arguments and conclusions of the author without evaluating them

A

Descriptive or Informative

65
Q

This type not only summarizes the source but also analyzes it by evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s arguments.

A

Analytical or Critical

66
Q

4 Types of Enumerative Bibliographies:

A

National Bibliography
Personal Bibliography
Corporate Bibliography
Subject Bibliography

67
Q

5 Steps in Writing a Bibliography:

A
  1. KEEP TRACK of your sources
  2. GATHER information for each source
  3. LOCATE bibliographic information
  4. FORMAT your bibliography
  5. ORGANIZE the list alphabetically
68
Q

Functions of Bibliographies:
(6)

A

• Documentation
• Attribution and Credit
• Verification and Quality Control
• Further Reading and Exploration
• Preservation of Knowledge
• Intellectual Dialogue and Scholarship

69
Q

Importance of Bibliographic Service: (4)

A

• PROVIDE organized access to a wide range of resources.
• AID in proper citation and referencing.
• PRESERVE and archive knowledge.
• FACILITATE the dissemination of research.

70
Q

3 Types of Bibliography Styles:

A

• MLA Works Cited
• APA Reference List
• Chicago Bibliography Style

71
Q

•Indicators or locators that assist one to find information.

• Systematic guides to location of words, concepts and other information items in books, periodicals or other publications.

• Consists of a series of entries appearing in alphabetical order to enable users to find information with references to show where each item is located.

A

Index/Indexes

72
Q

5 Types of Indexes:

A

• By Arrangement
• ALPHABETICAL INDEX
• CLASSIFIED INDEX
• CONCORDANCE
• NUMERICAL OR SERIAL ORDER INDEX

73
Q

Index based on the orderly principle of the alphabet.

A

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

74
Q

Index which follows a predetermined scheme in which subjects are arranged in a specified system of relationships.

A

CLASSIFIED INDEX

75
Q

Alphabetical index to all the principal words in a single text or in a multi-volume work of a single author with a pointer at which each word occurs.

A

CONCORDANCE

76
Q

Patent-number index/table index

A

NUMERICAL OR SERIAL ORDER INDEX

77
Q

• A person who does indexing or prepares indexes.

• Noted for their orderliness; they usually are orderly minded with the
capacity to take pains, having clear thought processes and meticulously careful.

• Analyzes a document and tags it with subject and other descriptors based on his/her understanding of what the user would search under.

A

Indexer

78
Q

Purpose of Indexes

A

• Needed to provide effective shortcuts to needed information, without an index, the retrieval of information will be difficult.

79
Q

Brief objective summary of the essential content of a book, article, speech, report, dissertation or other works that present the main points in the same order as the original but have no independent literary value.

A

Abstract

80
Q

Functions of Abstracts: (4)

A

• ASSIST readers in deciding whether or not to read a full text.

• ENABLE users to note the important findings on a topic.

• ALLOW librarians/readers to locate information quickly and to crossreference.

• SAVE TIME because researchers can have a clear overview of a document without having to read the entire text.

IRS (Ray's) (1 decks)

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