Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

INTRO TO PSYCH > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

anything that we perceived through senses

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

perceived through senses and are interpreted or we give opinions about it

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refer to any objects, events, or situations that elicit a response from an individual.

It can come from both the external environment (like sounds, lights, or social interactions) or internal states (like hunger, thoughts, or emotions).

A

Stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are specialized cells or structures that detect and respond to stimuli, converting external or internal environmental signals into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the nervous system.

It let’s us experience sensations

A

Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

refers to the process by which the sensory systems in the body adapt, adjust, or become less responsive to continuous or unchanging stimuli over time in a particular situation. This allows individuals to tune out irrelevant background information and focus on new or more important stimuli.

Ex. Foreigners become used to hot weather in the Philippines after staying for a long time

A

Sensory Adjustment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Release in sweat and is used for mating in animals.

Study also said that it is an indicator for compatibility in people through genetics

A

Pheromones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

EYES

Focuses light onto the retina by adjusting its shape

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

EYES

The small, black circular opening in the center of the iris that controls how much light enters the eye.

A

Pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

EYES

The colored part of the eye, controlling the size of the pupil.

A

Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EYES

The clear, watery fluid between the cornea and the lens. It nourishes the lens and cornea and helps maintain intraocular pressure to keep the eye’s shape.

The cavity of the eyes

A

Aqueous Humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EYES

Contains receptors of the eyes. It is the thin layer of tissue lining the back of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells.

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EYES

Within Retina that is responsible for color vision and work best in bright light.

Lack of it can lead to color blindness

A

Cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EYES

Within Retina that is responsible for vision in low light and peripheral vision. (gray, black)

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EYES

Transmits electrical signals from the retina to the brain, where they are processed into visual images. (the receiver of information to the brain)

A

Optical Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EYE DISEASE

also known as hyperopia

only far objects are clear

the point of focus falls behind the retina, making close-up objects appear blurry

A

Far Sightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EYE DISEASE

also known as myopia

only near objects are clear

is a refractive error that makes far-away objects look blurry.

A

Nearsightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

EYE DISEASE

A common vision problem where the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina, causing blurred or distorted vision at any distance.

A

Astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eye diseases

A
  • Farsightedness
  • Nearsightedness
  • Astigmatism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PART OF OUTER EAR

The visible part of the ear that helps collect sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.

receiver of sound in the ears

A

Pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PART OF OUTER EAR

A tube-like structure that carries sound from the pinna to the eardrum. It also protects the inner structures by producing earwax.

A

Ear Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PART OF MIDDLE EAR

A thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it. These vibrations are then passed to the middle ear.

A

Ear Drum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PART OF MIDDLE EAR

The three bones in the ears that serves as the doubling of sound waves.

A

Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup (smallest bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PART OF INNER EAR

Are receptors/stimulus in the ear that are spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals.

A

Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PART OF INNER EAR

Carries electrical signals generated by the cochlea to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.

A

Auditory Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

PARTS OF OUTER EAR

A
  • Pinna
  • Ear Canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PARTS OF MIDDLE EAR

A
  • Ear Drum
  • Hammer
  • Anvil
  • Stirrup
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PARTS OF INNER EAR

A
  • Cochlea
  • Auditory Nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

EAR DISEASE

-defected pinna
-infection on ear drums
- blockages (earwax)

Hearing loss caused by a problem in the outer or middle ear that prevents sound from reaching the inner ear.

TREATMENT: hearing aid

A

Conductive Deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

EAR DISEASE

damage of auditory nerve

A

Nerve Deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

EAR DISEASES

A
  • Conductive Deafness
  • Nerve Deafness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PART OF THE NOSE

The large air-filled space behind the nostrils, lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs (cilia) that trap dust, dirt, and pathogens. It filters, warms, and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs.

A

Nasal Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

PART OF THE NOSE

Are the receptors of the nose which is a part of the brain responsible for processing smells. Located above the nasal cavity, it receives signals from olfactory receptor cells in the nose, which detect odor molecules.

A

Olfactory Bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PART OF THE NOSE

One of the best adjustments when encountering stimuli

A

Olfactory Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

PART OF THE TOUNGE

Are receptors of tongue which are sensory organs located on the tongue and other parts of the mouth that detect different tastes.

A

Taste Buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

PART OF THE SKIN

They are the receptors of the skin

A

Hair Follicles and the Nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

refers to the skin’s ability to conduct electricity in response to stress or emotional changes.

A

Galvanized Skin Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The ability to perceive body movement and position without visual aid. Can be found in Tendons (Joints)

A

Kinesthetic Bodily Senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The stomach plays a key role in it by digesting food, signals the body to starve for appetite, helps in peeing

A

Organic Bodily Senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

7 HUMAN SENSES

A
  1. sight
  2. hearing
  3. smell
  4. taste
  5. touch
  6. kinesthetic bodily senses
  7. organic bodily senses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

process by which a person focuses on specific stimuli while ignoring others or filtering stimuli to only important ones.

A

Selective Attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The error in sensation/perception is where wrong pick up of information from senses happen.

A

Perceptual Illusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

It is something you feel, hear, see but it’s not there. It is the sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus.

Schizophrenia

A

Hallucination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

-this is more on feeling

-grandiosity (refers to an unrealistic sense of superiority in which someone believes themself to be unique and better than others)

-firmly held false belief that is resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact.

A

Delusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

According to this field, it is from the perceptions that you form images.

A

Gestalt Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Imagining or forming images from environment

A

Form Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Forming of perceptions according to groupings

A

Gestalt Groupings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

The Figure is the____ and the Ground is the____

A

Figure is the object itself
Ground is the background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

grouping based on how near objects are from each other.

A

Grouping according to proximity or Law of proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

grouping based on similarity in traits

A

Grouping according to similarity or Law of Similarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

grouping based on continuous forms because of visual elements that are aligned with each other

A

Grouping according to continuity or law of continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

describes how humans have a natural inclination to perceive incomplete or fragmented visual elements as a complete object by filling the gaps.

A

Grouping according to closure or Law of closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

GESTALT GROUPING/PRINCIPLE

people see visually connected elements or ones with common characteristics to belong to the same group or unit.

A

Grouping according to connectedness or law of connectedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D)

ex. road art

A

Depth Perception

54
Q

consistency of perception

A

Perception Constancy

55
Q

inability to perceive an object as having a constant characteristic despite changes in distance, angle, or lighting conditions.

A

Aconstancy

56
Q

It is under parapsychology (people who study extrasensory perceptions) that refers to the ability to gain information or perceive things through means other than the known senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell).

A

Extrasensory Perception

57
Q

4 EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

A
  1. Telepathy
  2. Clairvoyance
  3. Precognition
  4. Psychokinesis (Telekinesis)
58
Q

EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

mind-mind communication

A

Telepathy

59
Q

EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

the ability of seeing or knowing about things that are not present to the senses (imagining things from other places)

A

Clairvoyance

60
Q

EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

ability to perceive future events

A

Precognition

61
Q

EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

Manipulate or move objects with the mind without physical interaction

A

Psychokinesis (Telekinesis)

62
Q

It is the knowledge, abstract thinking, reasoning and problem solving ability.

A

Intelligence

63
Q

He was a well-known proponent of the single general ability (g factor) view. Every mental task he believed, requires two qualities;

  • General Intelligence
  • Skills specific to individual task
A

Charles Spearman

64
Q

He espoused the multiple factors viewpoint. He claimed that Spearman’s concept of general intelligence really comprised multiple abilities.

A

L.L Thurstone

65
Q

L.L THURSTONE

7 Components of Primary Mental Abilities Test

A
  1. Speed and accuracy in adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.
  2. Erase in thinking of words to fit specific requirements
  3. Ability to understand ideas in word form
  4. Memory
  5. Reasoning
  6. Perception of spatial relationship
  7. Perceptual speed (ability to see differences in visual displays quickly
66
Q

He identify the mental operations involved in answering standard questions on intelligence tests.

A

Robert Sternberg

67
Q

STERNBERG 3 APPROACHES

A
  1. Encode
  2. Infer relationship between attributes
  3. Map relationship
68
Q

One on one test taking procedure.

A

Individual Test

69
Q

Types of Intelligence Test

A
  • Individual Test
  • Group Test
70
Q

He created the first intelligent scale/test. He was also commissioned by the government in 1904 to make a intelligent test where the test are particularly to those mentally unstable children

A

Alfred Binet

71
Q

INDIVIDUAL TEST

First Intelligence Scale/Test in 1905

A

Binet-Simon Scale/Test

72
Q

INDIVIDUAL TEST

The test where Alfred Binet was commission by Standard University where paper and pencil are used where results represents the mental age of a person.

A

STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE

73
Q

The formula for Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

A

IQ= MA/CA x 100

MA- Mental Age
CA- Chronological Age

74
Q

The doctor who found out classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

75
Q

This test is longer than Stanford-Binet test that is composed of verbal, and the performance sections ,each with various subtests. The verbal section consists of the comprehension subtest and similarities subtest while performance section includes the picture arrangement subtest, picture-completion subtests, object-assembly subtest, and coding subtest.

A test that has verbal, picture manipulation, general information (NOTES)

A

Wechsler Scale

76
Q

Types of Wechsler Scales

A
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) , Used in children ages 6-16
  • Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), Used in children ages 4-6
77
Q

Test procedure done within a group where most are using pencil and paper.

A

Group Test

78
Q

The first people who use scholarly or standardized tests

A

Chinese

79
Q

GROUP TEST

Scales used in recruiting soldiers.

A

Army Alpha and Army Beta

80
Q

are only one among several pieces of information that college admissions staff consider.

A

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)

81
Q

Mentally retarded are distinguished by two qualities.

A
  • They perform far below average on mental tests
  • They do not adapt well to the demands of their lives
82
Q

Retardation can be divided into four categories

A
  1. Mild Retardation
  2. Moderate Retardation
  3. Severe Retardation
  4. Profound Retardation
83
Q
  • Most retarded people fall within this category
  • During their early age, they resemble normal children. They learn to communicate and to take care of themselves. This usually becomes apparent at older ages. They progress academically up to the level of sixth grade or so
  • Deficits in the following are common among the these people:
  • Focusing attention
  • Short and long-term memory
  • Abstract thinking
  • Working deliberately
  • Taking the time to understand what is called for
  • Applying insights from one context to another
A

Mild Retardation

84
Q
  • Recognized as such at an early age.
  • In school, they rarely progress beyond average second-grade work. They appear unaware of social mores, and they require close supervision. Nevertheless, given sheltered placements, they can live at work in the community as adults
A

Moderate Retardation

85
Q
  • It is usually apparent at birth
  • These people often have serious health problem.
  • Develop little or no communicative speech and poor motor skills.
  • With training, they can help in their own care. They may learn to dress and undress, eat by themselves, wash their hands and faces, and use the toilet. As adults, they may perform simple vocational tasks under close supervision.
A

Severe Retardation

86
Q
  • Usually apparent at birth
  • Most Disabled
  • They are defective in almost all ways. They have serious health problems and sensory deficiencies. They lack mobility
  • Their communication is minimal.
  • At best, their achievements are meager, confined usually to a little self care.
A

Profound Retardation

87
Q

Causes of Retardation or factors affecting intelligent differences

PCBIC

A
  • Biological Causes
  • Cultural-Familial Causes
  • Physiological Factors
  • Cultural and Social Influences
  • Interaction between physiological and social objects
88
Q

HIGH INTELLIGENCE

Also called as gifted, it is a person with exceptional qualities or abilities on a specific field.

A

Prodigy

Qualities that distinguishes a prodigy from other children: Capacity (presumably imbued by heredity)

89
Q

One of the most important characteristics of human beings is their

A

capacity to learn

90
Q

the acquisition of habits, knowledge and attitudes. It involves new ways of doing things and it operates on an individual’s attempt to overcome the obstacles or to adjust the new situations. It represents progressive changes in behavior. It enables him to satisfy interest to attain a goal.

A

Learning

91
Q

NATURE OF LEARNING

  • Learning is a process
  • It involves all those experiences and training of an individual which helps to change his behavior
  • Learning papers the individual to adjust and adopt in the situations
  • All the learning is purposeful and goal-oriented.
  • Learning is universal and continuous
  • It is a continuous and never-ending process that goes from womb to tomb
A

ang dami bai! basahin niyo nalang baka masama sa true or false HWHAHAH

92
Q

Learning process is carried over through various steps according to

A

HP Smith

93
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS

  • Are dynamic force that compel the individual to act
  • The direction of the____ depends upon the relative strength of the ____
  • Unsatisfied ____ or needs compel the individual to satisfy them, which initiate the learners to learn something,
A

A motive or drive

94
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS

  • For the satisfaction of the needs the individual sets definite goals for achievement.
  • The setting of the goal helps in making the learning purposeful and interesting,
A

An attractive goal

95
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS

  • If the individual faces no difficulty in attending the goal, he will not change his present behavior, this means there is no necessity to learn.
  • If a block or barrier obstructs the individual to reach the goal then the individual will try to change his behavior.
  • Means something to change his behavior to reach goal.
A

A block to the attainment of the goal.

96
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS

If the responses is successful in action and satisfied the needs, on the subsequent occasions the individual will tend to repeat it.

A

Reinforcement

97
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS

The individual integrate the successful responses with individual previous learning, so that it becomes a part of new functional whole

A

Integration (Addition)

98
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCES

It provide opportunities for learning. The quality, speed and effectiveness of learning depends much upon the kind of ________ and environments available to the learners.

A

Learning Situation

99
Q

The steps according to HP Smith in learning process.

TRIPLE A RIL

A
  • A motive or drive
  • An attractive goal
  • A block to the attainment of the goal.
  • Reinforcement
  • Integration (Addition)
  • Learning Situation
100
Q

5 LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

PCAAA

A
  • Perception Learning
  • Conceptual Learning
  • Association Learning
  • Appreciation Learning
  • Attitudinal Learning
101
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch are considered as the five gateway of knowledge. All the knowledge is based on the sense of perception.

A

Perception Learning

102
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

The learning implies that the individual start to think in abstract term

A

Conceptual Learning

103
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

The individual has some mental picture of his previous observations. He try to link up his new association with his previous mental pictures and he learns.

A

Association Learning

104
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

The feeling make the individual to learn more

A

Appreciation Learning

105
Q

IDENTIFY THE LEARNING PROCESS IN DIFFERENT STEPS

These attitudes confirmed as the individual acquires more and more knowledge.

A

Attitudinal Learning

106
Q

Learning process is centered on three elements

A
  • Factors associated with the learners
    Learner’s physical health,
    Learners mental health,
    Basic potential of the learner,
    The level of motivation,
    Goal of life,
    Readiness and will power,
    Maturation,
    Age,
    Emotion,
    Sex
  • Factors associated with the type of learning
  • Factors associated with the men and material
107
Q

7
LAWS OF LEARNING

PEDEPAR

A
  • Law of readiness (Person is ready to learn)
  • Law of effect (Stressful situation)
  • Law of exercise (practice number of time)
  • Law of disuse (which is not practiced become decay)
  • Law of primary (interested novels)
  • Law of purpose (work towards goal)
  • Law of association
108
Q

IDENTIFY THE THEORY OF LEARNING

  • All things should be looked at from the perspective of behavior.
  • And it doesn’t matter what is going on in the mind, it just matters what the behavior
  • So there is no difference in the behaviorist mind between external behavior and internal thoughts.
A

Behaviorism

109
Q

Different Behaviorists

A
  • Ivan Pavlov(Classic Conditioning)
  • Edward Lee Thorndike (Experimental approach only)
  • John B. Watson (Experimental approach only)
  • B.F Skinner (Operant conditioning)
110
Q
  • Born September 17, 1849
  • Died Feb 27, 1936
  • Born in Russia
  • Physiologist, psychologist, and physician
  • Awarded nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1904 for research on the digestive system.
A

Ivan Pavlov

111
Q
  • Born August 31, 1874
  • Died August 9, 1949
  • Born in Williamsburg
  • Studied animal behavior and the learning process
  • Led to the theory of connectionism
  • Laying the foundation for modern educational psychology
A

Edward Lee Thorndike

112
Q

Identify the theory of learning based on Educational Implication

  • Fear, love towards a particular object is created through ________.
  • A teacher’s method of teaching or harsh treatment of his students, creates a strong dislike among them towards the subject.
  • The theory of ____ emphasizes that the students should be exposed to positive stimuli in order to develop desirable habits, interest and attitudes in them.
A

Classical Conditioning

113
Q

Identify the theory of learning based on Educational Implication

Cats in Puzzle Boxes

  • According to him, when the child is ready to learn, he learns more quickly and effectively. He warns that the child should not be forced to learn.
  • And teacher must provide learning environment
  • The task of the teacher is to motivate the students by arousing interest
  • Learners should be encouraged to perform his tasks independently. He must try various solutions to the problem before arriving at the correct time.
A

TRIAL AND ERROR OF THEORY OF LEARNING (THORNDIKE’S THEORY)

114
Q

WHO SAID THE STATEMENT:

All we need to know in order to describe and explain behavior is this: actions followed by good outcomes are likely to recur, and actions followed by bad outcomes are less likely to recur

A

(Skinner, 1953)

115
Q

WHO IS THE PROPONENT:

  • Science of behavior: Study of conditioning and extinction of operants
  • Dependent variable in the “Skinner Box”: rate of response
A

B.F SKINNER

116
Q

WHAT IS THE LAW ACCORDING TO B.F. SKINNER

  • Key Variables: Reinforcement
  • Practice provides opportunities for additional reinforcement.
A

Law of Acquisition

117
Q

Concept of Law of Effect

A

Behavior—–Better state of Affairs——Increased probability of behavior occuring again

Behavior——Worst state of Affairs——Decreased probability of behavior occuring again

118
Q

4 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES

A
  • Positive Reinforcement
  • Negative Reinforcement
  • Punishment
  • Extinction
119
Q

4 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES

Increasing a behavior by administering a reward

A

Positive Reinforcement

120
Q

4 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES

Increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when a behavior occurs

A

Negative Reinforcement

121
Q

4 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES

Decreasing a behavior by administering an aversive stimulus following a behavior or by removing a positive stimulus

A

Punishment

122
Q

4 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES

Decreasing a behavior by not rewarding it

A

Extinction

123
Q

The word “____” means form or shape a particular arrangement of elements

A

Gestalt

124
Q

Gestalt psychology was found in germany in 1912 by

A

Max Wertheimer and his colleagues

125
Q

This theory believes individuals use insight and their prior experience to determine their responses to stimuli. They also use the laws of it to try to make sense of, and provide order to, information in their perception. This information leaves a trace in memory, traces link together to form connections of information. It is closely related to the present day cognitive constructivist view of learning. Problem solving is a good choice of instructional methods to use to incorporate the beliefs of the it.

A

GESTALT THEORY

126
Q

WHAT IS THE THEORY:

  • According to this theory learning through imitation
  • Learning through observing the behavior of others.
  • Four Steps in observational learning
    1. Paying attention
    2. Remembering Behavior
    3. Reproducing Action
    4. Being motivated to learn and carry out the behavior
A

COGNITIVE THEORY OF LEARNING

127
Q

refers to the transfer of knowledge, training and habits acquired in one situation to the another situation

A

Transfer of Learning

128
Q

Types of Transfer

A
  • Positive Transfer
  • Negative Transfer
  • Zero
129
Q

Types of Transfer

When something previously learned benefit performance or learning in new situation. E.g. if one has to learn to play tennis and he find it easier to learn to play badminton.

A

Positive Transfer

130
Q

Types of Transfer

When someone previously learnt hinders performance or learning in a new situation, we call it ____. E.g. Tamil or Guajarati his pronunciation of english is affection

A

Negative Transfer

131
Q

Types of Transfer

Previous learning makes no difference at all to the performance or learning in a new situation E.g. Learning history may neither help nor hinder the learning

A

Zero

INTRO TO PSYCH (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions