MIDTERMS Flashcards
This chapter explains what you did and how you did it, allowing
readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of the
research.
Methodology
Methodology should include:
- The type of research you did
- How you collected your data
- How you analyzed your data
- Any tools or materials you used in the
research
5.Your rationale for choosing these methods
The methodology section should generally be written
in the _______ after the conduct of the study
past tense
Four Steps in Writing the
Research Methodology:
- Explain your methodological approach
- Describe your methods of data collection
- Describe your methods of analysis
- Evaluate and justify your methodological
choices
True or false:
Methodology is an independent chapter (kayang mag stand alone).
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Restating/Summarizing the objectives on the methodology is necessary so that readers does not have to return to the previous chapters
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
In methodology, the researchers tell everything that they did/will do for the study
TRUE
Set of methods and procedures used in collecting and
analyzing the variables specified in the research question.
Research Design
defines the research method such as
survey, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental, case
study and so forth.
Research Design
It is a framework that has been created to find answers to
research questions.
Research Design
Kinds of Quantitative Methods:
- Survey Method
2.Experiments/Experimental Method - Existing Data (secondary research)
the technique of gathering data
by asking questions to people who are thought to
have desired information.
Survey Method
In this method:
A formal list of questionnaire is prepared.
Generally a non disguised approach is used.
The respondents are asked questions on their
demographic interest opinion.
Survey Method
involves manipulating
one variable to determine if changes in one variable
cause changes in another variable.
Experimental Method
This method relies on controlled methods, random
assignment and the manipulation of variables to
test a hypothesis.
Experimental Method
is a research
method that involves using already existing data.
Existing data is summarized and collated to increase
the overall effectiveness of research.
Secondary Research or Desk Research
Kinds of Qualitative Methods:
- Interview or Focus Groups
- Participant Observation
- Existing Data (Secondary Research)
involves gathering people
from similar. backgrounds or experiences together
to discuss a specific topic of. interest.
Focus Group/ Focus Group discussion
TRUE OR FALSE:
Focus groups are preferred because there will be no discussion if the participants came from different backgrounds. (Mas Mapag uusapan in depth)
TRUE
a method used by researchers to gather information from different sources to answer specific research questions, test hypotheses, or analyze a subject of interest.
Data Collection Techniques
In interviewing respondents, the questions are fixed
Structured
In interviewing respondents, there are pre-determined questions but additional follow up questions are prepared
semi-structured
In interviewing respondents, the researcher opens a topic that serves as a basis in formulating questions
unstructured
It describes specifically the survey questionnaire/ tool to gather data.
Research Instrument/Instrumentation
TRUE OR FALSE:
Researchers can adopt previous questionnaire as long as it is appropriate
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
The researchers can adopt questionnaires and can tailor fit/revise it base on the fit of the study
TRUE
strategies used to select a subset of individuals, groups, or elements from a larger population to participate in a study.
sampling techniques/methods
the process of systematically applying statistical, logical, or computational techniques to describe, explore, and interpret data.
Data Analysis
Selection of appropriate statistical method depends on the
following three things:
- Aim and objective of the study,
- Type and distribution of the data used, and
- Nature of the observations (paired/unpaired)
to identify the single value that is the best representative for the entire
set of data.
Measures of Central Tendency
describes how far apart data points lie from each other and from the center of a distribution
Variability
the difference between the highest and lowest values
Range
the range of the middle half of a distribution
Interquartile range
average distance from the mean
Standard Deviation
average of squared distances from the mean
Variance
provides a compelling reason for choosing the research topic.
It should answer the question: Why is this topic worth investigating?
Rationale
It Describes the background or context leading to the study, including any relevant
trends, issues, or gaps in knowledge that make the topic valuable.
It Explain why the
research matters in the field of marketing, particularly for the targeted audience or
stakeholders.
Rationale
This section outlines the main question that the research aims
to address. The goal is to clarify what the research intends to solve or explore. This
could include specific questions the research will answer or a hypothesis if
relevant.
Statement of the Problem
breaks down the overarching aim of the research into specific,
actionable goals.
Objectives of the Study
This section clarifies the boundaries of the study, defining what the research will
and will not cover.
Scope and Delimitation
This section explains the impact or value of the research findings.
Significance of the Study
This section provides a comprehensive overview of relevant studies, theories, and
concepts related to the research topic. Its purpose is to showcase existing
knowledge, identify gaps in the literature, and highlight how the current study will
build upon or differ from past research.
Review of Related Literature
guides the study’s direction and provides a theoretical foundation
for understanding the variables and relationships explored in the research.
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
It is a type of framework that offers a visual or narrative depiction of how variables
interconnect
Conceptual Framework
It is a type of framework that relies on established theories to
justify relationships.
Theoretical Framework
Describes the specific location where the study will be conducted, whether it is a
geographic area, an institution, an online community, or a company.
Locale of the Study
Describes the target participants, sampling method, and sample size.
Respondents
Explains the step-by-step process for gathering data, ensuring that readers understand
exactly how the data will be acquired.
Data Collection Process
Defines the overarching approach to the study, whether it is qualitative, quantitative, or
mixed-methods.
Research Design
Describes and justifies the tools used to gather data (e.g., surveys, interview guides, or
observation checklists).
Research Instrument
Includes detailed statistical or thematic analysis methods used to interpret the data, connecting
each technique to the specific data type and research objectives.
Analytical Techniques
key terms and concepts that are central to understanding the research, ensuring
readers can follow without ambiguity.
Definition of Terms
the study of consumers and the processes they use to choose, use (consume), and dispose of products and services, including consumers’ emotional, mental, and behavioral responses
Consumer Behavior
TRUE OR FALSE:
Understanding consumer behavior is not crucial for businesses to create effective marketing strategies that can influence consumers’ decision-making processes.
FALSE
Importance of Consumer Behavior:
- Better marketing and communications
- Improve customer retention
- Increase customer loyalty
- Better plan inventory
- Increase sales
- Research competition
Types of Consumer Behavior:
- Complex buying behavior
- Dissonance-reducing buying behavior
- Habitual buying behavior
- Variety-seeking behavior
The consumer will first develop beliefs about the product, then attitudes, and then will make a thoughtful purchase choice
Complex Buying Behavior
Based on the products available, time limitation, budget limitation, consumer buys a certain product without a lot of research
Dissonance- reducing buying behavior
when a consumer has low involvement in a purchase decision
Habitual buying behavior
consumers here generally buy different products mainly with an urge to seek variety
Variety seeking behavior
Factors influencing consumer behavior
- Situational Factors
- Personal Factors
- Social Factors
- Psychological Factors
Five stages of buying behavior
Stage 1: Problem Recognition
Stage 2: Information Gathering
Stage 3: Evaluating Solutions
Stage 4: Purchase Phase
Stage 5: The Post-Purchase Phase
They are temporary in nature and include physical factors such as a store’s location, layout, colors, music, lighting, and even scent
Situational Factors
These factors include demographic factors such as age, gender, income, occupation, etc. It also depends on one’s interests and opinions.
Personal Factors
This factor also includes social class, level of education, religious and ethnic background, sexual orientation,customer orientation, and people around you – family, friends, or social network.
Social Factors
A person’s ability to understand information, perception of needs, and mindset influence consumer behavior. One’s reaction to a marketing campaign will depend on one’s beliefs and state of mind.
Psychological Factors
Customer Behavior Patterns:
- Place of purchase
- Items purchase
- Time and frequency of purchase
- Method of purchase
TRUE OR FALSE:
Buying behavior is a complicated and multifaceted component of customer psychology critical to creating marketing strategies.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Businesses can obtain a competitive advantage and long-term customer connections by diving into the psychological, social, personal, and situational elements influencing consumer decision-making.
TRUE
