Midterms Flashcards
Who described the PERSON as an open system that works together with other parts of it’s body as it interacts with the environment
BETTY NEUMAN
Towards stability or wellness
Negentropy
These are factors that can alter the system
Stressors
It occurs within the self and comprises of man as a psychospiritual being
Intrapersonal
She described the PERSON as an individual, family, or community, or the society.
Betty Neuman
She described HEALTH that is dynamic in nature
Betty Neuman
She described the ENVIRONMENT as an internal, external and created force that interacts with a person’s state of health
Betty Neuman
She described NURSING as an unique profession that requires holistic approach- considers all factors affecting a client’s health
Betty Neuman
This model is based on the person’s relationship to stress , response and reconstitution factors that are progressive in nature
Neuman Systems Model
It focuses on the patient systems response to actual or potential environmentl stressors and maintains the client systems stability nursing prevention interventions to reduce stressors
Neuman Systems Model
A goal-centered phenomenon that relies on the interplay of and
continuous change of the parts of the system
Systems theory
It emphasizes on the components and dynamic interaction of
the elements that comprise the nature of Nursing
Systems theory
What are the parts of a system according to Neuman?
INPUT, OUTPUT AND FEEDBACK
A data that go through and are integrated in
the system
Input
An end product of the input that is processed
in the system
Output
The re-evaluated and changed output
that goes as input back into the system
Feedback
What are the client variables according to Neuman?
PHYSIOLOGICAL. PYSCHOLOGICAL, SOCIOCULTURAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, SPIRTUAL
The Neuman’s system model has two major components
Stressor and reaction to stress
body structure and function
Physiological
effects of social condition
Sociocultural
mental processes in interaction with
environment
Psychological
age-related processes
Developmental
beliefs and influences related to spirituality
Spiritual
for basic structure and maintains client’s system
stability
Protective Mechanism
What are the 3 protective mechanisms
LINES OF RESISTANCE. NORMAL LINE OF DEFENSE, FLEXIBLE LINE OF DEFENSE
It acts when the normal line of defense is
invaded by too much stressor, producing alterations in the
client’s health
Lines of resistance
To achieve stability of the system, this
line must act in coordination with the normal wellness state
Normal Line of Defense
Serves as boundary for the normal
line of defense to adjust to situations that threaten the
imbalance within the client’s stability
Flexible Line of Defense
Basic survival factors or energy resources of the client
Core
These are factors that can alter the systems. These are forces that produce tensions, alterations or potential
problems causing instability within the client’s system.
Stressors
What are the 3 stressors according to neuman
Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Extrapersonal
It occurs within the self and comprises of man as a psychospiritual being
Intrapersonal
It occurs between one or more individual and consists of man as a social being
Interpsonal
It occur outside the individual
Extrapersonal
It refers to the outcomes or produced results of certain stressors and actions of the lines of resistance of a
client.
Reaction
- set towards disorganization of system > illness
Egentropy or Entropy
Other name for egentropy
Entropy
It is used to attain balance within the continum of health.
Prevention
What are the 3 types of prevention?
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
It focuses on foreseeing the result of an act or situation and preventing its unnecessary
effects as possible.
Primary
Helping alleviate the actual existing effects of an action that altered the balance of
health of a person
Secondary
Actual treatments or adjustments to facilitate the strengthening of a person after being
exposed to a certain disease or illness
prevent the regression and recurrence of illness; rehabilitation
Tertiary
It focuses on keeping stressors and the stress response from having detrimental effect on the body
Prevention
Occurs before the system reacts to a stressor
Primary prevention (book)
Occurs after the system reacts to a stressor and is provided in terms of existing systems
Secondary Prevention (book)
Occurs after the system has been treated through the secondary prevention stratergies
Tertiary Prevention (book)
It refers to the adjustment state from the degree of reaction. Going back to the actual state of health
before illness.
Reconstitution
It is the increase in energy that occurs in relation to the degree of reaction to the stressor.
Reconstituition (book)
It is a stable condition when the parts of the client system interact in harmony with the whole system
Wellness
Needs are not satisfied
Illness
What year was Neuman born?
1924
Where was she born?
Lowell, Ohio
What year was her first book, The Neuman Systems Model was published?
1982
She was born on August 21, 1919
Dororthy E. Johnson
Where was Dorothy Johnson born?
Savannah, Georgia
When did Johnson first propose her model of nursing care
1968
What is Dorothy Johnson’s model called?
Behavioral System Model
When did she publish the Behvioral System Model?
1980
What are the other works of Dorothy Johnson
Theory Development: What, Why, How? & Barriers and Hazards in Counseling
Johnson’s Behvior System Model was influenced by who?
Florence Nightingale’s book, Notes in Nursing
To return to a state of equilibrium, 2 areas were identified
Reduce stressful stimuli and support natural and adaptive processes
It states that each individual has patterned, purposeful,
repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral system
specific to that individual
Behavioral System Model
This theory is based on that the science and art of nursing should focus on the patient
as an individual and not on the specific disease entity.
Behvioral System Model
What is the one of the strengths of Johnson’s Behavioral System Model?
It is the consistent integration of concepts defining behavioral systems drawn from the General Systems Theory
What are the classifications of assumptions?
assumptions about systems, assumptions
about structure, and assumptions about functions.
What are the three functional requirements?
Protection, nutrurance, stimulation
It is the output of intra organismic structures and processes as
they coordinate and articulate by responding to changes in sensory
stimulation.
Behavior
It refers to a whole that functions as a whole by virtue of the
interdependence of its parts characterized by organization, interaction,
interdependence and integration
Systems
It encompasses the patterned, repetitive and
purposeful ways of behaving. The system is flexible enough to allow
influences that affect it.
Behvarioal System
According to Johnson, what are the 2 major systems?
Biological and behavioral system
She described PERSON as a behavioral system with
patterned, repetitive, and
purposeful ways of behaving that
link the person to his environment
Dorothy Johnson
She described HEALTH an elusive state that is affected
by social, psychological,
biological and physiological
factors
Dorothy Johnson
She described ENVIRONMENT that consists of all factors that are not
part of the individual’s behavioral
system but influence the system
Dorothy Johnson
She described NURSING as an external force that acts to preserve the organization of the
patient’s behavior by means of imposing regulatory mechanisms
or by providing resources while the patient is under stress
Dororthy Johnson
These are mini systems with their own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to the other subsystems or the environment is not changed or disturbed.
Subsystems
It is a stabilized but more or less transitory, resting state where the person is in harmony with himself and with his environment
Equilibrium
It is the state of being stretched or strained and can be viewed as an end product of a disturbance in equilibrium.
Tension
It is a stimuli, either internal or external, that produce tension and result in a degree of instability.
Stressor
What are the seven subsystems of the Johnson’s Behavior Model
- Attachement or Affiliative subsystem
- Achievement subsystem
- Aggressive subsytem
- Dependency subsytem
- Eliminative subsystem
- Ingestion subsystem
- Sexual subsystem
It is a subsysem that involves social inclusion, intimacy, and the formation and attachment of a strong social bond.
Attachement or Affiliative subsystem
It is a subsysem that provokes behaviors that attempt to control the environment
Achievement subsystem
It is a subsysem that is related to the behavior concerned with protection and self-preservation
Aggressive subsytem
It is a subsysem that involves approval, attention or recognition, and physical assistance (helping or nurturing)
Dependency subsytem
It is a subsysem that relates to behavior surrounding the excretion of waste products from the body
Eliminative subsystem
It is a subsysem that involves the emphasis is on the meaning and structures of the social events surrounding the occasion
when the food is eaten
Ingestive subsystem
It is a subsysem that involves both biological and social factors affect the behavior in the sexual subsystem
Sexual subsystem
What is the other subsystem that scholars added to the Johnson’s System Model
Restorative subsystem
A subsystem tha involves comfort/freedom from pain
Restorative Subsystem
According to Johnson each subsystem comprises four structural characteristics, what are they?
A goal based on:
1. a universal drive
2. set
3. Choice
4. action/behavior
This is the existence of which is supported by existing theory or research
Universal drive
It is a tendency to act in a certain way in a given stiuation
Set
It refers to the alternate behavior the person considers in any given situation
Choice
It is the observable behavior of a person
Action
How does the behavioral subsystem imbalance occur?
When structure, function, or functional regimen is disturbed
What are the four diagnostic classifications to delineate (describe) these disturbances?
Insuffiency, discrepancy, incompatability, and dominance
Who propsed the 4 categories of nursing diagnoses derived from Johnson’s behavioral system model?
Grubb
It is a state which exists when a particular subsystem is not functioning or developed to its fullest capacity due to inadequacy of functional requirements
Insufficiency
It is a behavior that does not meet the intended goal
Discrepancy
The goals or behaviors of the two subsystems in the same situation conflict with each other to the detriment of the individual
Incompatibility
The behavior in one subsystem is used more than any other susbtem regardless of the situation or to the detriment of other subsystems
Dominance
Exists in an open system as a
spiritual being and rational
thinker.
Person by King
The ability of a person to adjust to
the stressors that the internal and
external environment exposes to
the client.
Health by King
It is the maximal use of the
potentials that a person can
perform to achieve balance in
one’s health.
Health by King
The process of balance involving
internal and external interactions
inside the social system.
Environment by King
An act wherein the nurse interacts
and communicates with the
client.
Nursing by King
Defined as beneficiary of care.
Person by Abdellah
Center and purpose of nursing
services.
Health by Abdellah
Affects or involves in achieving
optimal health levels.
Environment by Abdellah
The home or community from
which the patient comes.
Environment by Abdellah
An all inclusive service based
on the disciplines of art and
science that serves individuals
to make their function as a
whole independent.
Nursing by Abdellah
A helping profession
Nursing by Abdellah
An individual with physical and
emotional requirements for
development of self care and
maintenance of their well being.
Person by Orem
A state of physical, mental and
social well being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO).
Health by Orem
Client’s surroundings which may
affect their ability to perform their
self care activities.
Environment by Orem
Helping clients to establish or
identify ways to perform self care
activities. Nursing actions are
geared towards the independence
of the client.
Nursing by Orem
Being in constant interaction with a
changing environment
Person by Roy
A state and a process of being and
becoming an integrated and whole
person. “Lack of integration
represents lack of health”
Health by Roy
All the conditions, circumstances,
and influences surrounding and
affecting the development and
behavior of persons or groups.
Environment by Roy
A theoretical system of knowledge
which prescribes a process of
analysis and action related to the
care of the ill or potentially ill person
Nursing by Roy
Humans are caring & capable of
being concerned about the desires,
welfare & continued existence of
others.
Person by Leininger
Both universal and diverse in terms of
beliefs, values and practices.
Health by Leininger
Culture is learned, shared &
transmitted values, beliefs, norms &
lifeways.
Environment by Leininger
These are nursing actions which are
culturally based.
Nursing by Leininger
Human being is a valued
person–cared for, respected,
nurtured, understood, assisted
Person by Watsons
Unity harmony within the mind, body
soul Also associated with the degree
of congruence between self as
perceived as experienced
Health by Watsons
Provides the values that determine
how one should behave and what
goals one should strive toward
Environment by Watsons
A human science of people and
human health illness experiences
that are mediated by professional,
personal, scientific, aesthetic, and
ethical human care transactions
Nursing by Watsons
A self interpreting being, that is the
person does not come into the world
predefined but gets defined in the
course of living a life.
Person by Benner
A person may have a disease not
experience illness because illness is
the human experience of loss or
dysfunction, while disease is what
can be assessed at the physical
level.
Health by Benner
The term “situation“ is used which
suggests a social environment with
social definition meaning
Environment by Benner
The care study of the lived
experience of health, illness disease
the relationships among these three
elements
Nursing by Benner
What is the theory of Orem?
Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
What is the theory of King?
Interaction System Framework and Goal Attainment Theory
What is the theory of Roy?
Adaptation Model of Nursing
What is the theory of Abdellah?
21 nursing problems
What is the theory of Leininger?
Transcultural Theory
What is the theory of Benner?
The Nursing Expertise Model
What is the theory of Watsons?
Philosophical and Science of Caring
