Midterms

Question 1

x The scene should be treated as a crime scene and all human remains, exhibits and property should be left in situ until the arrival of CS Examiners and DVI Specialist Teams

x The search for the remains of victims in a disaster shall not start until rescue operation is done.

Answer 1

General Principles

Question 2

ActIvities to be done in Phase 1

Answer 2

A search and discovery plan should be prepared with the collaboration of the Evidence Collection Team, Disaster Investigation Team, and the Access Control and Security Teams.

This plan includes the search for, and collection of, human remains, property and evidence

Question 3

for recovery and evidence collection.

Answer 3

Operational Section

Question 4

Responsibilities of Operational Section

Answer 4

x Recovery of all bodies and body parts at the site.
x Collection and preservation of properties found at the scene
x Meticulous recognition procedures of human from nonhuman remains.

Question 5

Lead Agencies for Integrated and Coordinated Search, Rescue and Retrieval (Philippines)

Answer 5

x Department of National Defense (DND)
x Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
x Department of Health (DOH)
x Armed Forces of the Philippines of the Department of National Defense (AFP-DND)

Question 6

Other participating agencies:

Answer 6

x Philippine National Police (PNP)
x Special Rescue Unit of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP-SRU)
x Philippine Coast Guard
x Private Rescue Personnel
x Civilian Group
Volunteers

Question 7

Other participating agencies:

Answer 7

x Philippine National Police (PNP)
x Special Rescue Unit of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP-SRU)
x Philippine Coast Guard
x Private Rescue Personnel
x Civilian Group
Volunteers

Question 8

Operational personnel should be equipped with the ff:

Answer 8

x Appropriate PPE
x Appropriate recovery equipment
x Documentation, sufficient for each human remain and item of evidence.

Question 9

is essential to help personnel processing a disaster site

Answer 9

Gridding system

Question 10

is essential to help personnel processing a disaster site

Answer 10

Gridding system

Question 11

Can be useful in preparing maps or plans for search and recovery operations in sites where a grid is not useful

Answer 11

Aerial Photographs/Maps/Numbered Floor
Plans/ Accurate Ground Sketch

Question 12

helps in systematic searching of a sector and follows the same principle as the main
Grid

Answer 12

sub-gridding

Question 13

Looks after the health conditions and needs of the responders and volunteers.

Answer 13

Local health officer

Question 14

Wherever possible, the morgue station should be established in consultation with the head of the Victim Identification Unit.

Involves the examination of the human remains recovered.

Answer 14

Post mortem

Question 15

Functions of the Morgue

Answer 15

x Reception of human remains
x Storage and proper cooling of human remains
x Organization and transport of human remains for forensic examination
x Registration of human remains for tracking purposes
x Organization of the return transport for human remain
x Workflow documentation.

Question 16

Purpose of post-mortem process

Answer 16

1. Satisfy legal requirements of the respective country.
2. Establish cause, manner and mechanism of death.
3. Determine survival time leading to death.
4. Collect data for Identification purposes.
5. Document key information including injuries and evidence for investigation purposes.

Question 17

Temporary mortuaries can be set up following minimum requirements

Answer 17

x Availability of running water
x Drainage or collection and removal of water waste electricity
x Compliance with all health and safety regulations

Question 18

Separate stations should be set up for the following:

Answer 18

x Reception of human remains.
x Forensic examination of human remains - (autopsy)
x Dental examination
x Radiography (including whole body scan if possible)
x Fingerprinting, friction ridge examination
x DNA collection
x Evidence processing
x Quality control
x Release of examined human remains

Question 19

Separate areas should also be set up for the following functions in the vicinity of the body examination station:

Answer 19

x Dressing rooms
x Refrigeration storage rooms for human remains
x Storage rooms for logistical and other equipment and supplies
x Decontamination rooms Toilets, washing facilities
x Break rooms and dining areas.

Question 20

COOLING HUMAN REMAINS

Answer 20

• This list should be regularly maintained and updated as the DVI process
  progresses to ensure continuing
  accuracy.
• Dry ice away from direct contact with human remains.
• Approximately 10 kg of dry ice is required per body per day.
• No using of ice (frozen water) in cooling procedures

Question 21

Factors that Accelerate Decomposition:

Answer 21

x Influence of post-mortem intervals
x Exposure to the elements time
/ Climatic factors (high humidity, high temperature)
x As human remains decompose, identification features may be affected, destroyed or lost.

Question 22

Examination of Human Remains

Answer 22

Primary identifiers
x Fingerprints
x Dental records
x DNA

Secondary identifiers
x Medical
x Personal belongings
x Photography

Question 23

Key Personnel and Function

Answer 23

x PM Coordinator
x Human PM Remains Registrar
x Friction Ridge Specialist

Question 24

ensures that sufficient personnel are available for examination and supervises PM activities

Answer 24

PM coordinator

Question 25

assigns PM numbers.

Answer 25

Human PM Remains Registrar

Question 26

determines the best method of collection to be used depending on the condition of the remains

Answer 26

Friction Ridge Specialist

Question 27

Photographs

Answer 27

x Photographs (digital) all human remains.
x Every photograph should bear the PM number and, if possible, reference scales (e.g. for tattoos, scars, small effects).
x Photograph both clothed and unclothed remains

Question 28

The following photographs are required

Answer 28

x All markings, labels and numbers on body bags.
x Full-length photographs of the body / human remains.
x Two overlapping photographs showing the upper and lower halves of the body, respectively.
x A full-frame front view of the head (portrait view).
x All articles of clothing and personal effects, such as inscriptions/ engravings on rings, wristwatches, etc.
x All individualizing features, such as clothing labels and credit card numbers.
x Views of the teeth

Question 29

If the body is skeletonized?

Answer 29

x then views of the skull from all directions, and overall of the skeleton,
x Anthropologist should be consulted with regard to specific photographs required that are useful for identification (close-ups of any ante-mortem injuries etc.
x Specific diseases and abnormalities at the request of the forensic pathologists.

Question 30

Radiologists function

Answer 30

x Find specific injury, disease or abnormality.
x Search for teeth and bones or bone fragments.
x Search for foreign objects in the body
x Evaluate injuries (cause and manner of death).
x Estimate age at the time of death.
x Depict and record treatments in teeth (and bones) useful for identification.
x Collaboration with forensic anthropologist to provide radiological views, and interpretation

Question 31

performs the external and, where necessary, the internal examination of the body and enters appropriate data in the fields provided in the PM record - decides on a case-by-case basis for an anthropologist

Answer 31

Forensic Pathologist

Question 32

assists in the conduct of forensic pathology

Answer 32

Pathology Assistant

Question 33

guides the forensic pathologist through the
PM recording process and asks for information for each data field in the form.

Answer 33

Autopsy Recorder

Question 34

Personnel for Odontology

Answer 34

x Forensic Odontology Examiner/ Forensic Odontology Recorder
x forensic odontology radiographic assistant
x Forensic Odontology Examiner

Question 35

Collecting and Recording of all information relating to individuals who may be regarded as potential disaster victims.

Acquiring information, materials that should be gathered prior to the conclusion of the interview of the victims’ next of kin.

Answer 35

Ante-mortem