Midterms

Question 1

What are the lab safety basics?

Answer 1

1.) Wear closed-toe shoes. Always!
2. No doos or drink in the lab
3. Wear PPE during experiments
- Lab coat, safety glasses, nitrite gloves
4. No poyring chemicals down the train

Question 2

Field of View

Answer 2

• the diameter of the circle of light that you see when looking into microscope

Question 3

What happens to the field of view when the magnification INCREASES

Answer 3

the field of view would be decrease

Question 4

Depth of Field

Answer 4

• the distance from the nearest object plane in focus to the farthest object plane that is simutaneously in focus.

Question 5

What happens to the depth of field when the magnification increases?

Answer 5

the depth of field would be decrease

Question 6

Oil Immersion (100x objective)

Answer 6

enhances the resolution and clarity of microscopic image by matching the refractive index of glass.

Question 7

How do you measure total of magnification?

Answer 7

10 x objective magnification

Question 8

Three Domains of Life

Answer 8

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

• singled-celled organisms
• lack of nucleus
• found in a wide range of environments, from soil to water to inside the bodies of other organisms human body
• harmful/beneficial
• ability to reproduce rapidly and efficiently, making them the most prolific reproducers among all domains

Question 10

Archaea

Answer 10

• singled-celled organisms
• lack a membrane-bounded nucleus
• abilty to survive in extreme environemnets (hot springs (high temperatures), salt flats, acidic environments, high-salts concentration)

Question 11

Eukaryotes

Answer 11

• unicellular to multicellular organisms
• have true nucles and membrane bound organelles
  -animals, plants, fungi, protists, HUMANS

Question 12

Eukaryotes
*examples

Answer 12

Fungi
Protists
Helminths
Viruses

Question 13

Prokaryotes

Answer 13

bacteria of various shapes
Spherical = Cocci
Rod Shapes = Bacilli
Spiral –> Vibrio, Spirillum, Spiirochete

Question 14

“bacteria are ubiquitous”

Answer 14

found everywhere (invisible)

Question 15

Simple staining

Answer 15

Methylene Blue
Safranin
- useful for observing the morphology or shape and the arrangement of cells
- it’s a positive and simple staining technique

Question 16

How does the arrangements of the bacteria?

Answer 16

prefixes used to describe the arrangement of a bacteria

*Diplo = where two cells remain attached after fission
*Strepto = when cells form long chain
*Staphylo = grapelike clusters of cellls

Question 17

How do you prepare a bacterial smear?

Answer 17

• add only one loopful of water to the slide to the make the smear.

Question 18

What type of staining is the Gram staining?

Answer 18

Complex staining - uses multiple reagents in tthe protocol to differentiate between various types of microorganiss or cellular structures
Differential Staining - it differentiates by color two majoy groups of bacteria, gram positive and gram negative