Midterms Flashcards
alter, altera, alterum
the other(of 2)
arbor, arboris
f., tree
cur
why
dum
while
et
and
etiam
also, even
facio, -ere, feci
to do/make
habito, -are
to live
iam
now
laetus, -a, -um
happy
puella, -ae
f., girl
quae
which
quod
because
scribo, -ere, scripsi
to write
sedeo, -ere, sedi
to sit
ubi
when/where
villa, -ae
f., house
ager, agri
m., field
ambulo, -are
to walk
amica, -ae
f., friend
curro, -ere, cucurri
to run
defessus, -a, -um
tired
hodie
today
quoque
also
saepe
often
sed
but
sum, esse, fui
to be
tandem
at last
clamo, -are
to shout
hortus, -i
m., garden
iratus, -a, -um
angry
laboro, -are
to work
multus, -a, -um
much, many
puer, -i
m., boy
qui
who
rideo, -ere, risi
to laugh
servus, -i
m., servant
solus, -a, -um
alone
vir, -i
m., man
amo, -are
to love
q=ascendo, -ere, ascendi
to climb
audio, -ire, audivi
to hear
conspicio, -ere, conspexi
to catch sight of
dormio, -ire, dormivi
to sleep
igitur
therefore
magnus, -a, -um
big
nihil
nothing
quid
what
quo
which
ramus, -i
m., branch
semper
always
terreo, -ere, terrui
to frighten
tu, te
you
tum
at that moment, then
vexo, -are
to annoy
video, -ere, vidi
to see
vox, vocis
f., voice
ad (+acc)
to
advenio, -ire, adveni
to arrive
clamor, clamoris
m., noise
dies, diei
m., day
erro, -are
to wander, be mistaken
eum, eos
him, them; accusative
ibi
there
lupus, -i
m., wolf
nolo, nolle, nolui
to be unwilling
paro, -are
to prepare
perterritus, -a, -um
frightened
peto, -ere, petivi
to search, seek, attack
possum, posse, potui
to be able
prope (+acc)
near
repello, -ere, repuli
to repel
respondeo, -ere, respondi
to respond
silva, -ae
f., woods
timeo, -ere, timui
to be afraid
volo, velle, volui
to be willing
ancilla, -ae
f., slavewoman
aqua, -ae
f., water
cibus, -i
m., food
curo, -are
to heal
doceo, -ere, docui
to teach
mater, matris
f., mother
mox
soon
necesse
adv. or indecl. adj., necessary
neque
neither
nunc
now
omnis, -is, -is, -e
all, the whole, every, each
pater, patris
m., father
porto, -are
to carry
surgo -ere, surrexi
to rise
tamen
however
duco, -ere, duxi
to lead
eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum
irreg., to go
inquit
said
meus, -a, -um
my, mine
nuntius, -i
m., messenger
princeps, principis
m., emperor
saluto, -are
to greet
specto, -are
to watch
trado, -ere, tradidi
to trade
urbs, urbis
f., city
venio, -ire, veni
to come
cubiculum, -i
n., bedroom
deinde
soon
ego
I
excito, -are
to rouse
intro, -are
to enter
iterum
again, a second time
nos
we, us
tempus, temporis
time
vos
pl, you
abeo, -ire, abii
to go away
discedo, -ere, discessi
to depart, go away
e/ex (+ abl.)
from, out of
hic
here
in (+abl.)
in, on, among
in (+acc)
into, against
maneo, -ere, mansi
to stay
miser, -a, -um
unhappy
mitto, -ere, misi
to send
nemo, neminis
m./f., no one
nullus, -a, -um
no, none
per (+acc.)
through, along
prope (+acc.)
near
sub (+abl.)
under, beneath
suus, -a, -um
his, her, one’s, its, their (own)
tempto, -are
to try
teneo, -ere, tenui
to hold
tuus, -a, -um
yours
alius, -a, -ud
another, other
cras
tomorrow
equus, -i
m., horse
gero, -ere, gessi
to wear
habeo, -ere, habui
to have
iacio, -ere, ieci
to throw
incito, -are
to incite, urge on
interea
meanwhile
iter, iineris
n., journey, route
iubeo, -ere, iussi
to order
paratus, -a, -um
prepared
pono, -ere, posui
to put, place
raeda, -ae
f., carriage
scelestus, -a, -um
wicked
soleo, -ere
to be accustomed (to)
sto, stare, steti
to stand
via, -ae
f., road
iubeo, -ere, iussi
to order
absum, abesse, afui
to be absent
dominus, -i
m., master
effugio, -ere, effugi
to flee
filia, -ae
f., daughter
filius, -i
m., son
frater, fratris
m., brother
ira, -ae
f., anger
liberi, -orum
m. pl., children
parens, parentis
m./f., parents
porta, -ae
f., gate
quamquam
although
soror, sororis
f., sister
uxor, uxoris
f., wife
verbero, -are
to beat, whip
bonus, -a, -um
good
canis, canis
m./f. dog
convoco, -are
to call together
cum (+abl.)
with
fero, ferre, tuli
to carry
rogo, -are
to ask
traho, -ere, traxi
to drag
vestigium, -i
n., tracks
a/ab (+ abl.)
from, by
civis, civis
m./f., citizens
pars, partis
f., part, direction, region
pes, pedis
m., foot
quiesco, -ere, quievi
to rest
vehiculum, -i
n., vehicle
vito, -are
to avoid
ago, -ere, egi
to drive, do
ars, artis
f., skill
commotus, -a, -um
moved, excited
culpa, -ae
f., fault, blame
gaudeo, -ere
to be glad
moveo, -ere, movi
to move, shake
noster, -ra, -rum
our
periculum, -i
n., danger
appareo, -ere, apparui
to appear
auxilium, -i
n., help
diu
long
nomen, nominis
n., name
onus, oneris
n., burden
plaustrum, -i
n., wagon
praeterea
besides
procul
far off
rota, -ae
f., wheel
tardus, -a, -um
late
animus, -i
m., mind
apud (+acc.)
with, at the house of
de (+abl.)
from, about
hospes, hospitis
m./f., guest
itaque
and so
ludo, -ere, lusi
game
mortuus, -a, -um
dead
relinquo, -ere, reliqui
to leave
scio, -ire, scivi
to know (science)
verto, -ere, verti
transform
aedificium, -i
n., building
caelum, -i
heaven
caupo, cauponis
m., innkeeper
caupona, -ae
f., inn
custodio, -ire, custodivi
to guard
periculosus, -a, -um
dangerous
pernocto, -are
to spend the night
agnosco, -ere, agnovi
to recognize
doleo, -ere, dolui
to regret
fortis, -e
strong
homo, hominis
m., man
modo
only
obesus, -a, -um
fat
olim
once
ceno, -are
to eat
sordidus, -a, -um
dirty
valde
very
vigilo, -are
to watch
antea
before
dico, -ere, dixi
to say
enim
indeed, truly
fabula, -ae
f., story
heri
yesterday
licet, licere, licuit (+dat.)
it is allowed
medius, -a, -um
middle
miles, militis
m., soldier
narro, -are
to say, tell
neco, -are
to kill
numquam
never
paulisper
for a while
post (+acc.)
after
adiuvo, -are, adiuvi
to help
cogito, -are
to think
conicio, -ere, conieci
to throw; to figure out
corpus, corporis
n., body
do, dare, dedi
to give
finio, -ire, ivi
to finish
invitus, -a, -um
unwilling
lux, lucis
f., light
malus, -a, -um
bad
primus, -a, -um
first
punio, -ire, punivi
to punish
simulo, -are,
to pretend
somnium, -i
n., dream
somnus, -i
m., sleep
supra
above, on top
atque
conj., and also
immemor (gen. immemoris) (+ gen.)
forgetful
ingens (gen. ingentis)
huge
intra (+acc.)
inside
vester, -ra, -rum
pl., your
future tense endings
1st & 2nd conj: bo, bis, bit bimus, bitis, bunt
add endings to present stem
3rd, 3rdio, & 4th conj: am, es, et emus, etis, ent
for 3rd, -ere +endings
for 3rdio, -ere +i +ending
for 4th, present stem +ending
will verb
present endings
o/m, s, t
mus, tis, nt(unt if 3rd, iunt if 4th)
the endings are added to the “present stem” - except 1st sing & 3rd person plural, just remove whole present stem ending
am verbing, do verb, verb/verbs
imperfect endings
bam, bas, bat bamus, batis, bant
add respective ending to present stem
if 4th conj, also add e before ending
was verb-ing
perfect endings
i, isti, it imus, istis, erunt
perfect stem + ending
has/have verbed, did verb, verbed
pluperfect endings
eram, eras, erat
eramus, eratis, erant
perfect stem + ending
had verbed
future perfect endings
ero, eris, erit
erimus, eritis, erint
perfect stem + ending
will have verbed
sum, esse, fui conjugating
present: sum, es, est sumus, estis, sunt
imperfect: eram, eras, erat eramus, eratis, erant
future: ero, eris, erit erimus, eritis, erunt
perfect: fui, fuisti, fuit fuimus, fuistis, fuerunt
pluperfect: fueram, fueras, fuerat fueramus, fueratis, fuerant
future perfect: fuero, fueris, fuerit fuerimus, fueritis, fuerint
possum, posse, potui conjugating
present: possum, potes, potest possumus, potestis, possunt
imperfect: poteram, poteras, poterat poteramus, poteratis, poterant
future: potero, poteris, poterit poterimus, poteritis, poterunt
perfect: potui, potuisti, potuit potuimus, potuistis, potuerunt
pluperfect: potueram, potueras, potuerat potueramus, potueratis, potuerant
future perfect: potuero, potueris, potuerit potuerimus, potueritis, potuerint
volo, velle, volui conjugating
present: volo, vis, vult volumus, vultis, volunt
imperfect: volebam, volebas, volebat volebamus, volebatis, volebant
future: volam, voles, volet volemus, voletis, volent
perfect: volui, voluisti, voluit voluimus, voluistis, voluerunt
pluperfect: volueram, volueras, voluerat volueramus, volueratis, voluerant
future perfect: voluero, volueris, voluerit voluerimus, volueritis, voluerint
present stem
take the infinitive, and remove the -re from the end
however, if 3rd conj, “-ere” is removed and an “i” is added
perfect stem
-i from 3rd pp
nolo, nolle, nolui conjugating
present: nolo, non vis, non vult nolumus, non vultis, nolunt
imperfect: nolebam, nolebas, nolebat nolebamus, nolebatis, nolebant
future: nolam, noles, nolet nolemus, noletis, nolent
perfect: nolui, noluisti, noluit noluimus, noluistis, noluerunt
pluperfect: nolueram, noueras, noluerat nolueramus, nolueratis, noluerant
future perfect: noluero, nolueris, noluerit noluerimus, nolueritis, noluerint
fero, ferre, tuli conjugating
present: fero, fers, fert ferimus, fertis, ferunt
imperfect: ferebam, ferebas, ferebat ferebamus, ferebatis, ferebant
future: feram, feres, feret feremus, feretis, ferent
perfect: tuli, tulisti, tulit tulimus, tulistis, tulerunt
pluperfect: tuleram, tuleras, tulerat tuleramus, tuleratis, tulerant
future perfect: tulero, tuleris, tulerit tulerimus, tuleritis, tulerint
eo, ire, ii conjugating
present: eo, is, it imus, itis, eunt
imperfect: ibam, ibas, ibat ibamus, ibatis, ibant
future: ibo, ibis, ibit ibimus, ibitis, ibunt
perfect: ii, iisti, iit iimus, iistis, ierunt
pluperfect: ieram, ieras, ierat ieramus, ieratis, ierant
future perfect: iero, ieris, ierit ierimus, ieritis, ierint
personal pronouns
1st person: ego, mei, mihi, me, me nos, nostri/nostrum, nobis, nos, nobis
2nd person: tu, tui, tibi, te, te vos, vestri/vestrum, vobis, vos, vobis
3rd person, masc: is, eius, ei, eum, eo ei, eorum, eis, eos, eis
3rd person, fem: ea, eius, ei, eam, ea eae, earum, eis, eas, eis
3rd person neut: id, eius, ei, id, eo ea, eorum, eis, ea, eis
3rd persons are possessive but don’t refer to the subject
reflexive pronouns
1st person(same as personal PN’s): –, mei, mihi, me, me –, nostri/nostrum, nobis, nos, nobis
2nd person(same as personal PN’s): –, tui, tibi, te, te –, vestri/vestrum, vobis, vos, vobis
3rd person: –, sui, sibi, se, se –, sui, sibi, se, se
possessive adjectives
3rd person adj’s only used when reflexive sense is required
genitive 3rd person personal PN’s can also be used but don’t refer to the subject
1st person:
singular: me + respective mas/fem/neut ending
plural: nostr + respective ending (except nom. masc. = noster)
2nd person:
singular: tu + ending
plural: vestr + ending (nom. masc. = vester)
3rd person:
sing: su + ending
relative clauses
descriptive clauses that modify nouns
relative PN’s
introduce relative clauses; relate/connect the statement made in the subordinate clause to a noun or noun phrase
form depends on gender & number of antecedent, & case required for function of the relative PN in its own clause
qui, quae, quod
qui, quae, quae
who, which, that
cuius, cuius, cuius
quorum, quarum, quorum
whose, of whom, of which
cui, cui, cui
quibus, quibus, quibus
to whom(which), for whom(which)
quem, quam, quod
quos, quas, quae
whom, which, that
quo, qua, quo
quibus, quibus, quibus
translation depends on function in the clause
Ex: quibuscum = with whom, & quo could be ablative of means or instrument & mean w/ which or by which
Quam…!
How…!
indefinite adjectives
forms of quidam, a certain; pl., some
same as relative PN’s + -dam (except for accusative singular m & f, and gen pl m,f,n - m’s turn into n’s)
interrogative PN’s
in the singular, has identical forms in the masc & fem
in plural, same as relative PN
Quis…? Who?
Quid…? What…?
active voice
subject performs the action of the verb
passive voice
the subject receives the action of the verb
demonstrative PN’s
used to point out something/one
this/these -or- that/those
when used alone, can be translated he, him, she, it, they, etc. as well as that man, this, woman, these, ppl, those things, etc. according to the gender & # of the demonstrative, as well as the context
demonstrative adj’s
this/these -or- that/those
must agree w/ the nouns they modify in gender, case, & #
1st declension
usually feminine
- a -ae
- ae -arum
- ae -is
- am -as
- ä -is
2nd declension
usually masculine/neuter
1) Nouns ending in -us (masculine) and -um (neuter) decline thus:
Masculine
Singular Plural
Nom. -us -i
Gen. -i -orum
Dat. -o -is
Acc. -um -os
Abl. -o -is
Neuter
Singular Plural
Nom. -um -a
Gen. -i -orum
Dat. -o -is
Acc. -um -a
Abl. -o -is
2) Vir (the only noun ending in -ir) declines thus:
Singular Plural
Nom. vir viri
Gen. viri virorum
Dat. viro viris
Acc. virum viros
Abl. viro viris
3) Nouns ending in -er (masculine) decline either like puer, boy or ager,
field:
Singular Plural
Nom. puer pueri
Gen. pueri puerorum
Dat. puero pueris
Acc. puerum pueros
Abl. puero pueris
Singular Plural
Nom. ager agri
Gen. agri agrorum
Dat. agro agris
Acc. agrum agros
Abl. agro agris
3rd declension
1) Masculine & fem 3rd decl nouns r declined alike:
Masc Fem
Nom. pater patres vox voces
Gen. patris patrum vocis vocum]
Dat. patri patribus voci vocibus
Acc. patrem patres vocem voces
Abl. patre patribus voce vocibus
3rd dec nouns have a variety of nom. endings, but the gen. sing. is always -is
2) Neuter nouns differ only in the accus. singular & nom. and accus. plural
Neuter Nom. nōmen nōmina
Gen. nōminis nōminum
Dat. nōminī nōminibus
Acc. nōmen nōmina
Abl. nōmine nōminibus
4th declension
Fourth declension nouns carry a characteristic -u- throughout their declension (except
in the dative and ablative plural) and are identified by the -ūs in the genitive singular.
generally masc. fem declined like masc.
Masculine Neuter
Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur. Nom. cursus cursūs cornū cornua Gen. cursūs cursuum cornūs cornuum Dat. cursuī (ū) cursibus [cornū] cornibus Acc. cursum cursūs cornū cornua Abl. cursū cursibus cornū cornibus
5th declension
Fifth declension nouns carry a characteristic -e- and are identified by
the -eī in the genitive singular.
Gender: All 5th declension nouns are feminine, except dies, and compounds of
dies, which are masculine. Dies, however, can also be feminine when it refers to a
specific day: constitūtā diē, on the appointed day.
Singular Plural
Nom. rēs rēs
Gen. reī rērum
Dat. reī rēbus
Acc. rem rēs
Abl. rē rēbus
Noceo, Nocere, Nocui, Nocitus
accusative → dative!
licet, licēre, licuit, licitum
it is allowed
accusative → dative
cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, cōnfīsus sum
to trust
accusative → dative
necesse est
it is necessary
accusative → dative
