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midterms Flashcards

1
Q

It will minimize risk and the procedure to follow in situations that may be hazardous

A

safety

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2
Q

It will also provide information to help ensure your own safety as you care for patients

A

safety

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3
Q

2015 NATIONAL PATIENT SAFETY AND GOALS FOR HOSPITALS (7)

A
  1. identify the patient correctly
  2. improve staff communication
  3. use medicines safely
  4. use alarms safely
  5. prevent infection
  6. prevent mistakes in surgery
  7. identify patient safety risks
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4
Q

Name and date of birth
Example Patient blood type and blood transfusion.

A

identify the patient correctly

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5
Q

Quickly get important test results to the right staff person.

A

improve staff communication

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6
Q

Label all medicines
Know patient’s medication
Instruct patients on the proper use of the medicines and bring it every they visit the doctor.

A

use medicines safely

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7
Q

Make sure alarms on medical equipment are heard and responded to promptly.

A

use alarms safely

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8
Q

Use hand cleaning and proven guidelines to prevent infections that are difficult to treat ( of the blood from central lines and of the urinary catheters)

A

prevent infection

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9
Q

Make sure correct surgery is done to the correct patient and at the correct place on the patient’s body.
Pause before the surgery to verify correct information about the surgery.

A

prevent mistakes in surgery

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10
Q

Learn which patient’s are at the risk of trying to commit suicide.

A

identify patient safety risks

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11
Q

Federal agency governing safety in the workplace, provides guidelines to ensure high safety for hospital workers, and these guidelines are required as part of the safety procedures in all hospitals.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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12
Q

awareness of potential hazards is the first step toward prevention.

A

fire prevention

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13
Q

3 elements must be present for a fire to burn

A

Flammable substance (fuel) , oxygen , heat

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14
Q

Most Hospital fires can be traced using these 4 categories

A
  1. Spontaneous Combustion
  2. Open flames
  3. Smoking
  4. Electrical fires
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15
Q

4 ways to prevent open flames

A
  1. Keep flammable substances a safe distance from the flame
  2. Use strict standards of cleanliness
  3. Never leave open flames unattended

4.Never burn candles.

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16
Q

Common source of fires in homes, but relatively hospital fires. Laboratories.

A

Open flames

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17
Q

It occurs when a chemical reaction in or near a flammable material causes sufficient heat to generate a fire.

A relatively uncommon cause of hospital fires. ( state and local safety regulations restrict the use of flammable chemicals and cleaning products.

A

Spontaneous Combustion

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18
Q

Hospitals promote positive health habits by prohibiting smoking and are designated as non-smoking facilities

A

Smoking

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19
Q

Common in the RT department, Intensive care unit, and emergency department since they handle electrical equipments.

A

Electrical Fires

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20
Q

When suspect fire hazards due to electrical malfunctions:

A
  1. Turn off the electricity in the main power source
  2. Call for qualified assistance
  3. Stand by with the proper fire extinguisher.
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21
Q

ELECTRICAL SAFETY RULES

A

NOTES

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22
Q

Oxygen does not burn but support _________

A

combustion

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23
Q

In case of fire, what should we do?

A

RACE - Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguisher/Evacuation

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24
Q

BE PREPARED FOR FIRE BY KNOWING THE LOCATIONS:

A
  1. Evacuation route maps
  2. Fire doors
  3. Fire alarms
  4. Fire extinguishers
  5. Main electrical power shut-off for your area.
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25
Classes of Fire Extinguishers
A, B, C, D, K
26
- Solid combustibles such paper and wood. - Dry chemical extinguisher/ multipurpose - Most often found in the hospitals.
CLASS A
27
- Flammable liquids or gases - Dry chemical extinguisher/ multipurpose - Most often found in the hospitals.
CLASS B
28
For cooking media such as oil, and animal fats.
CLASS K
28
- Electrical fire and wiring - Dry chemical extinguisher/ multipurpose - Most often found in the hospitals.
CLASS C
28
Certain combustible solids, such as metal alloys.
CLASS D
29
STEPS to activate fire extinguishers:
PASS 1. Pull the pin 2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire. 3. Squeeze the handle 4. Sweep. Use a sweeping motion from side to side to prevent the fire from spreading.
30
OTHER COMMON HAZARDS
Electric Shock & Falls and Collisions
31
- Can pose a serious hazard to both patients and personnel if safety precautions are not observed. - Never stand on a wet floor or use wet hands to perform tasks involving the use of electricity.
Electric Shock
32
_____ volts can prove fatal under certain circumstances.
120 volts
33
- Major safety concerns in hospitals - Be especially conscious of hazards when moving stretchers and other mobile equipment
Falls and Collisions
34
(SPILLS) Work area must have
1. Container of kitty litter 2. Heavy plastic bags 3. Broom 4. Dustpan 5. Gloves ( made of nitrile)
34
- Deserve the special attention of the radiographers. - May pose a chemical hazard in addition to the risk of injury from falls.
Spills
35
Study of the human body in relation to the working environment.
Ergonomics
35
STEPS help to ensure safety when a spill occurs:
1. Limit access to the area 2. Evaluate the risks involved 3. Determine whether you have both the equipment and the expertise to clean up the spill safely. 4. If you can proceed safely, clean up the spill immediately. 5. If you lack the necessary skills or equipment, call your supervisor or the appropriate department.
36
Common injuries:
1. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) 2. Repetitive Motion injuries (RMI) 3. Repetitive Strain Injuries ( RSI) 4. Cumulative trauma Disorders (CTD) (symp. Pain, numb, tingling, clumsiness, swelling, weakness, loss of function, and overdevelopment of muscle groups.
36
Principles of proper body alignment, movement, and balance are referred to as body mechanics.
BODY MECHANICS
37
Can prevent the muscle strains that are common among hospital workers.
BODY MECHANICS
38
____ and _____ the back while lifting is a common cause of back strain
bending and twisting
38
3 CONCEPTS OF BM (Body Mechanics)
Base of Support Center of Gravity ( center of the body weight) Line of Gravity
39
5 RULES OF BM
Provide a broad base of support Work at a comfortable height When lifting, bend your knees, and keep your back straight Keep your load well balanced and close to your body Roll or push heavy object, avoid pulling or lifting.
40
Living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, prions, and fungi.
Microorganisms
41
Microorganisms that live on or inside the body without causing infections or diseases
Normal Flora
41
Microorganisms that cause infections or diseases
Pathogens
42
Very small, single-celled organisms. With a nucleus but lack of membrane It can grow independently and can replicate without a host cell.
BACTERIA
43
stains
gram positive & gram negative
44
alcohol washes out the dye
gram negative
44
Shapes of bacteria
Spherical = cocci Rod-shaped = bacilli Spiral = spirilla or spirochetes
45
if they remain dye when treated with alcohol
gram positive
46
resists decolorization
acid-fast
47
decolorization occurs
nonacid-fast
48
Considered as bacteria Smaller than most bacteria and are just barely visible in an ordinary light microscope.
rickettsiae
49
They only grow inside the animal cell. They do not survive in the environment; they are transmitted among animals when they are bitten by infected arthropods. ( ticks, lice, fleas, and mites)
rickettsiae
49
Subcellular organisms
VIRUSES
50
Smallest known disease-causing organisms.
VIRUSES
51
Must be viewed with an electron microscope.
VIRUSES
52
fully developed coral particle, made of DNA and RNA which is protected by an outer protein coating called capsid.
virion
52
outer protein coating
capsid
53
cause the common cold, and lack both the envelope and spikes
rhinoviruses
54
2 examples of Common viruses
Epstein-Barr Virus & Varicella
55
Which causes infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr Virus
56
chicken pox, and herpes zoster
Varicella
56
Single-celled yeast Long-branched, filament-like structures Also known as molds
fungi
57
Smallest and least understood of all pathogens
PRIONS
58
prions were discovered during the year 1983
58
a degenerative disease affecting the nervous system of the sheep.
scapie
59
Compex single-celled animals that generally exist as free-living organisms.
protozoa
60
Human Diseases Caused by Protozoa
Amebiasis and Giardiasis Trichomoniasis Toxoplasmosis
61
STD, both sexes, genitourinary tracts; greenish-yellow discharge urethra= male, vagina= female
Trichomoniasis
61
Gastrointestinal tract/cause diarrhea
Amebiasis and Giardiasis
62
Eating undercooked meat that contains the protozoan. Can cause neurological impairment and congenital infection in the fetus
Toxoplasmosis
63
factors involved in the spread of diseases
CYCLE OF INFECTION
64
These factors enable bacteria to destroy or damage host cells and resist destruction by the host’s cellular defenses.
INFECTIOUS AGENT/ ORGANISM
65
Spreading The source of infection may be any place where pathogens can thrive in sufficient numbers to pose a threat.
RESERVOIR O
65
Animals' reservoir for
salmonella
66
Soil reservoir for
tetanus
67
Food reservoir
Botulinum
68
Water reservoir for
typhus and Legionnaire's disease
68
Any route through which blood, body fluids, excretions, or secretions leave the body. Ex. respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal tracts; infected wound. And the bloodstream.
portal of exit
69
Object that has been in contact with the pathogen, in short contaminated object.
fomites
69
Direct Indirect
MODE
70
insects Malaria, dengue, fleas, and Lyme disease.
vector
71
Occurs when infectious individual coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in the vicinity of susceptible host
droplets
71
Medium of transports of microorganisms Water, drugs, blood, and food
vehicle
72
Occurs from dust-containing spores or droplet nuclei.
airborne
73
Route by which microorganisms gain access to the susceptible host.
portal of entry
73
patients who have a reduced natural resistance to infection.
susceptible host
74
cycle of infection
1. infectious agent/organism 2. reservoir o 3. portal of exit 4. mode 5. portal of entry 6. susceptible host
75
PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
hand hygiene and housekeeping
76
reduces the incidence of airborne infections and the transfer of pathogens by fomites.
housekeeping
77
HANDLING AND DISPOSING OF CONTAMINATED ITEMS AND WASTE
Handling Linens , Isolation Techniques
77
Objects or linens soiled with body secretions or excretions are considered contaminated and may serve as fomites even when no stains are apparent. Never use any linen for more than one patient.
Handling Linens
78
Current isolation and infection control policies have evolved from the practice of quarantining ill family members in the home to include caring for patients infected with all contagious illnesses, including bloodborne pathogens.
Isolation Techniques
79
PREPARATION FOR EXAMINATION IN ISOLATION
1. Perform hand hygiene ( hand ) 2. Do cap or hood. (head) 3. Make sure that all hair is covered. 4. Do mask, making certain that nose and mouth are completely covered and nose piece fits snugly. 5. Put on gown (body) 6. Fasten the gown securely, making sure that the uniform is completely covered. 7. Do/ Wear protective gloves.
80
are designed to reduce the risk of transmitting dust particles containing the infectious organism or airborne droplet nuclei
airborne precautions
81
Radiography of the isolated patient requires two people:
clean and dirty radiographer
82
positions the x-ray equipment
clean radiographer
83
places the covered image receptor and positions the infectious patient.
dirty radiographer

patient care (1 decks)

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