MIDTERMS Flashcards
the graphic representation of the scene of the crime with complete measurements of the relative distances between items or objects. It includes scales with important dimensions at the scene being shown to a good degree of accuracy.
Sketch
deals with the vicinity of the crime scene in relation to the environment like neighboring buildings, structures,or means of access leading to the scene.
-This kind of sketch is applied in conflagrations and suspected arson cases where the origin of the fire and how it spread can be indicated.
Sketch of Locality/Neighborhood Sketch
illustrates the scene of the crime with the nearest physical surroundings such the yard and other natural structures
Sketch of Grounds
illustrates the scene of the crime with the nearest physical surroundings such as rooms adjacent or opposite of the scene, the number of floors of a building or house.
-layout of the scene as seen from above
Floor Plan
a layout of the scene vertically as seen from a side
Elevation Sketch
a layout as though the room was unfolded box
-sides = walls
cover= ceiling
bottom = floor
- most useful if pieces of evidence are found on the floor, walls and ceilings
Bird’s eye view
prepared indicating the actual measurement of things with a scale and proportion observed and oriented to the North Pole
-made by the investigator at the crime scene
-used as the basis for the finished sketch
-not drawn to scale
Rough sketch
Sketching Materials
paper
pencil
measuring tape
ruler
clipboard
eraser
compass
drawn to scale
final/finished sketch
Parts of Sketch
SOCO Report/Case Number
- Legend
•Body -
Signatory
•Compass Direction -
Weather condition
•Nature of the Case
•Location of Incident
•Date and time sketched
•Name of Victim
•Name of suspect
Essential Element of Sketch
Measurement
-measure from fixed points (walls, trees, poles, corners, curbs, any immovable object)
•Essential Items
•Scale of Proportion
•Victim Identification
•Time and Date
run a baseline from one fixed point to another from which measurements are taken at right angles
baseline method
uses two adjacent walls as fixed points as distances are measured at right angles
rectangular coordinate method
uses a protractor to measure the angle formed by two lines
polar coordinates method
Common in outdoor scenes uses a straight line measurements from two fixed objects to the evidence to create a triangle with evidence in the angle formed by two straight lines
triangulation method
collection of evidence
documentation
during collection
packaging
sealing
turn over to evidence custodian
the means sanctioned by the court of law, in ascertaining in a judicial proceeding, the truth respecting a matter of fact
evidence
Reasons why physical evidence should be discovered in crime scenes
Physical evidence provides clues or leads upon which an investigator will base his investigation
- Establish the identity of the persons involved.
-Assist the investigator to destroy the alibi of the suspect.
- Establish the fact of the felony & prove the commission thereof.
- Disprove fabricated reports & set free the innocent person.
- Aid the investigator to arrive at the appropriate offense or felony.
Concepts with regards to the quality and usefulness of physical evidence in establishing identity
- Individuality
2.Class Characteristics
3.A preponderance of such evidence
4.Probability
5.Rarity
6.Theory of transfer
7.Comparisons
principles to be observed in handling all types of physical evidence
The collected evidence should reach the laboratory as much as possible in same condition as when it was found.
2.The quantity of collected specimen shall be adequate for purposes of forensic examination. Even with the best available equipment, good test results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen.
3.Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.
4.Keep each specimen separate from others. Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.
5. Mark or label each piece of evidence for positive identification.
6. The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Account for evidence from the time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any breaking this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible in Court
TYPES OF EVIDENCE THAT CAN BE LOCATED AT THE CRIME SCENE
- Physical Evidence
2.Biological Evidence
3.Impression Evidence
4.Trace Evidence
5.Electronic Evidence
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES TO BE OBSERVED IN HANDLING ALL TYPES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE?
The collected evidence should reach the laboratory as much as possible in same condition as when it was found.
2. The quantity of collected specimen shall be adequate for purposes of forensic examination. Even with the best available equipment, good test results cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen.
3. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes.
4. Keep each specimen separate from others. Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.
5. Mark or label each piece of evidence for positive identification
The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Account for evidence from the time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any break in this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible in Court.
content of markings (4)
a) Exhibit Case Number
b) Initials and / or signature of the collecting officer
c) Time and date of collection
d) Place or located where the evidence was collected
tagging
Name of the agency
• Agency case number
• Item number
• Date of incident
• Investigator’s identifier
• Where the item was found
• Date and time found
• Description of item
