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RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING II > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

it is a term that describes CR angles or relationships between both parts often are related to imaginary planes that pass through the body in the anatomic position

A

body planes

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2
Q

is any longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left portion

A

sagittal plane

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3
Q

is the plane which divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

medial plane

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4
Q

is any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

it is vertical plane at right angle to median plane

A

coronal plane

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5
Q

also known as frontal plane

A

coronal plane

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6
Q

also known as midsagittal

A

median plane

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7
Q

it divides the body into approximately equal anterior and posterior portion

A

mid coronal plane

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8
Q

is any transverse plane that passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portion

it is perpendicular to both frontal and median plane

A

horizontal plane

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9
Q

is any plane that can pass through a body part at any angle between three planes

A

oblique plane

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10
Q

is any plane that transects the pelvis at the top of iliac crests

A

inter iliac plane

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11
Q

a plane that is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed

A

occlusal plane

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12
Q

it is the reference position that defines specific surfaces and planes of the body

it describes the body in erect feet together straight ahead, arms slightly abducted with palms facing forward

A

anatomic position

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13
Q

medial vs _______

A

lateral

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14
Q

superior vs _______

A

inferior

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15
Q

anterior vs _______

A

posterior

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16
Q

proximal vs _______

A

distal

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17
Q

superficial vs _______

A

deep

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18
Q

unilateral vs _______

A

bilateral

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19
Q

ipsilateral vs _______

A

contralateral

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20
Q

at four quadrants, which are created by an intersection horizontal plane also called the ______________ plane and a median plane

A

transumbilical plane

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21
Q

the _______ is the landmark you will use to visualize these quadrants while doing assessments

this is the point at which the two plane cross

A

navel or belly button

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22
Q

give the organs in LUQ

A

liver
pancreas
stomach
spleen
left kidney
left adrenal gland

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23
Q

give the organs in RUQ

A

liver
stomach
right kidney
right adrenal gland
gallbladder
duodenum
pancreas

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24
Q

give the organs in LLQ

A

left ureter
reproductive organs

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25
Q

give the organs in RLQ

A

appendix
right ureter
reproductive organs

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26
Q

all four quadrant contain portions of _____ and ______ _______

A

small and large intestines

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27
Q

nine abdominal regions divide the body into even smaller sections by using two __________ planes that run down the middle of the ________ and two horizontal planes

A

nine abdominal regions divide the body into even smaller sections by using two PARASAGGITAL planes that run down the middle of the CLAVICLE and two horizontal planes

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28
Q

the superior transverse plane is called the ___________ plane and it is located just below the ribs

A

subcostal plane

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29
Q

the _____________ plane is the inferior transverse plane and it intersects the tubercles of pelvis, running just inferior to navel

A

intertubercular plane

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30
Q

give the organs in right hypochondriac region

A

liver
right kidney
gallbladder
large and small intestine

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31
Q

give the organs in epigastric region

A

liver
stomach
spleen
duodenum
pancreas
adrenal glands

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32
Q

give the organs in left hypochondriac region

A

liver’s tip
stomach
pancreas
left kidney
spleen
large and small intestine

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33
Q

give the organs in right lumbar region

A

ascending colon
small intestine
right kidney

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34
Q

give the organs in umbilical region

A

duodenum
small intestine
transverse colon

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35
Q

give the organs in left lumbar region

A

descending colon
small intestine
left kidney

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36
Q

give the organs in right iliac region

A

appendix
cecum
ascending colon
small intestine

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37
Q

give the organs in hypogastric region

A

bladder
sigmoid colon
small intestine
reproductive organs

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38
Q

give the organs in left iliac region

A

sigmoid colon
descending colon
small intestine

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39
Q

hypo means _____

A

below or under

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40
Q

chondriac means _____

A

cartilage, which is referring to cartilage of ribs

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41
Q

lumbar means _____

A

vertebrae in your lower back, which are the bones nearest to lumbar

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42
Q

the top of the hip bone has what is called the ________

A

iliac crest

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43
Q

epi means _____

A

above or over

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44
Q

gastric means _____

A

stomach or belly

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45
Q

________ is the landmark for the four quadrant point of intersection

A

navel

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46
Q

c1

A

mastoid tip

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47
Q

c2, c3

A

gonion (angle of mandible)

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48
Q

c3, c4

A

hyoid bone

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49
Q

c5

A

thyroid cartilage

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50
Q

c7, t1

A

vertebral prominens

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51
Q

t1

A

approx 2” or 5cm above level of jugular notch

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52
Q

t2, t3

A

level of jugular notch

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53
Q

t4, t5

A

level of sternal angle

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54
Q

t7

A

level of inferior angle of scapula

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55
Q

t9, t10

A

level of xiphoid tip

56
Q

l2, l3

A

costal margin, last rib

57
Q

l3, l4

A

umbilicus

58
Q

l4

A

most superior aspect of iliac crest

59
Q

s1, s2

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

60
Q

coccyx

A

symphysis pubis (greater trochanter)

61
Q

it is the common variations in shape of human body

it determines size, shape and position of thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

body habitus

62
Q

heart: moderately transverse
lungs: moderate length
diaphgram: moderately high
colon: spread evenly
GB: centered on right side upper abdomen

built: moderately heavy
abdomen: moderately long
thorax: moderately short, broad and deep
pelvis: relatively small

50%

A

sthenic

63
Q

this body habitus has the organs and characteristics for this are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic types

this is the most difficult to classify

35%

A

hyposthenic

64
Q

heart: axis nearly transverse
lungs: short, apices at near clavicles
diaphragm: high
stomach: high
colon: around periphery at abdomen
GB: high

5%

A

hypersthenic

65
Q

heart: nearly vertical and at midline
lungs: long
diaphragm: low
stomach: low and medial
colon: low
GB: low

build: frail
abdomen: short
thorax: long, shallow
pelvis: wide

10%

A

asthenic

66
Q

front

A

anterior/ventral

67
Q

back

A

posterior/dorsaL

68
Q

towards head

A

superior

69
Q

towards feet

A

inferior

70
Q

towards median plane

A

medial

71
Q

away the median plane

A

lateral

72
Q

near the source/beginning

A

proximal

73
Q

parts away from the source or beginning

A

distal

74
Q

towards head

A

cephalad/cephalic/cranially

75
Q

towards feet

A

caudal/caudad

76
Q

near the skin surface

A

superficial

77
Q

away from skin surface

A

deep

78
Q

same side of the body

A

ipsilateral

79
Q

opposite side of the body

A

contralateral

80
Q

refers to one side of the body

A

unilateral

81
Q

refers to both side of the body

A

bilateral

82
Q

refers to the sole or posterior surface of foot

A

plantar

83
Q

refers to the top or anterior surface of foot

A

dorsum or dorsal

84
Q

refers to palm or anterior of the hand

A

palmar

85
Q

it is the process of recording an image of a body part

A

radiography

86
Q

is the device that receives the energy of the xray beam and forms the image of the body part

A

image receptor

87
Q

a device that contains special screen that glow when struck by xray and imprints the xray image on film

A

cassette with film

88
Q

a device used for CR similar to conventional IS housed in special cassette that contains special phosphorous that store the xray image

A

image plate

89
Q

a flat panel thin film transistor detector or charge coupled device used for direct DR radiography

the fastest processing system with image available in 6 seconds or less

A

solid state detectors

90
Q

xray strike a ___________ screen, where the image is formatted and is transmitted to a television monitor via camera

a real time device

A

fluoroscopic screen

91
Q

end result of an exacting technical procedure

permanent record of the part under study

A

radiograph

92
Q

density must be within the diagnostic range

A

optical density

93
Q

anatomic structure must be compared with ____________ structure to ensure that structure is present or properly visible

A

adjacent structure

94
Q

relationship of the anatomic ___________ to size, shape, position must be reviewed

A

superimposition

95
Q

difference in density between two areas in radiograph and must be sufficient to allow radiographic distinction of adjacent structures with different tissue densities

A

contrast

96
Q

the ability to visualize small structures and must be sufficient to clearly demonstrate the desired anatomic part

A

recorded detail

97
Q

identification of the radiograph:

patient’s name
_____
_____ identity
_____ number
age

A

identification of the radiograph:

patient’s name
date
institution identity
xray number
age

98
Q

lying on back facing upward

A

supine

99
Q

lying on abdomen facing downward

A

prone

100
Q

upright position to stand or sit

A

erect

101
Q

lying down in an position (prone, lateral, supine)

A

recumbent

102
Q

lying on back (supine)

A

dorsal recumbent

103
Q

a recumbent position with the body tilted with head lower than the feet

A

trendelenburg

104
Q

a recumbent position with the body tilted with head higher than the feet

A

fowlers

105
Q

a recumbent oblique position (semi prone) with the patient lying on the anterior side with the right knee and thigh flexed

A

sim’s position

106
Q

position where the knees are as closed as possible to the chest

A

genu pectoral/knee chest

107
Q

___________ is named by the side closed to the IR or the body part from which the CR exits

A

lateral

108
Q

__________ refers to an angled position in which neither the sagittal nor the coronal body plane is perpendicular or at right angle to the IR

A

oblique

109
Q

_________ position assumed in lying down

always performed with the CR horizontal

A

decubitus

110
Q

is the process of recording a body part to an image receptor

it describes the direction or the path of the CR of the xray beam as it passes through the patient projecting an image on the IR

A

projection

111
Q

the inferior superior axial view is also known as ___________ ______ of the shoulder

it is an orthogonal projection to the AP view and replaces the lateral shoulder projection

A

lawrence view

112
Q

mentomeatal line is same as putting the TEA just below the bottom of the maxillary sinus

A

waters view/parieto-acanthial projection

113
Q

the distance from the anode inside the xray tube to the IR

directly affects magnification of the body part and recorded detail

A

source to image receptor distance

114
Q

_______ the SID, the less the body part is magnified and the greater the recorded detail

A

greater

115
Q

is an unnecessary movement of the part under study

A

motion

116
Q

3 types of muscular tissue that affect motion

A

smooth
cardiac
striated

117
Q

heart pulsation
chill
peristalsis
tremor
spasm
pain

A

smooth muscle

118
Q

nervousness
discomfort
excitability
mental illness
fear
breathing

A

striated muscle

119
Q

how to control motion?

giving ____ instructions
providing patient _____
adjusting _______
use _____ exposure time

A

giving clear instructions
providing patient comfort
adjusting support/immobilization devices
use fast exposure time

120
Q

The information that results from performing the radiographic examination generally shows the ___________ or ________ of abnormality or trauma.

The information assists in the ________ and treatment of the patient. accuracy and ________ __ _______ are essential in each radiologic examination.

A

The information that results from performing the radiographic examination generally shows the PRESENCE OR ABSENCE of abnormality or trauma.

The information assists in the DIAGNOSIS and treatment of the patient. accuracy and ATTENTION TO DETAIL are essential in each radiologic examination.

121
Q

five functions in radiographic examination

__________ the body part and alignment of CR and IR

application of _______ ______ measures and devices

selection of ________ factors on the control panel

_________ to the px related to respiration and initiation of xray procedure

processing of the IR

A

POSITIONING the body part and alignment of CR and IR

application of RADIATION PROTECTION measures and devices

selection of TECHNICAL factors on the control panel

INSTRUCTIONS to the px related to respiration and initiation of xray procedure

processing of the IR

122
Q

depresses the diaphragm and abdominal viscera, lengthens and expands the lung fields, elevates the sternum and pushes it anteriorly, and elevates the ribs and reduces their angle near the spine

A

inspiration or inhalation

123
Q

elevates the diaphragm and abdominal viscera, shortens the Lung fields, depresses the sternum, and lowers the ribs and Increases their angle near the spine

A

expiration or exhalation

124
Q

For AP or PA projections that include both the right and left sides of the body, _ marker is typically used.

A

right marker

125
Q

For lateral projections of the head and trunk, always mark the side closest to the IR. Marker is typically placed ______ to the anatomy.

A

anterior

126
Q

For oblique projections that include both the right and left sides of the body, the side down or ________ the IR is typically marked.

A

nearest

127
Q

For limb projections, use the appropriate R and L marker. It should be placed within the _____ of the collimator border.

A

edge

128
Q

the beam of radiation must be ________ enough to irradiate only the area under examination

A

narrowed

129
Q

xray beam restriction serve two purposes

A

minimizes the amount of radiation to the px

produces radiograph that demonstrate excellent recorded detail

130
Q

bounded by the sternum anteriorly, lungs laterally and vertebral column posteriorly

contains all the thoracic structures except the lungs and pleura

A

mediastinum

130
Q

surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm

divided into right and left parts by a median structure

A

thoracic cavity

130
Q

bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the:

stomach
intestines
spleen
kidneys
liver
pancreas
peritoneum

A

abdominal cavity

131
Q

a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis and contains the

urinary bladder
part of the large intestine
the internal reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

132
Q

The radiographers responsibility is to select the combination of exposure factors that produces the __________ _______ of radiograph for each region of the body and to standardize this quality.

A

The radiographers responsibility is to select the combination of exposure factors that produces the DESIRED QUALITY of radiograph for each region of the body and to standardize this quality.

133
Q

Certain conditions require the radiographer to _________ when establishing an exposure technique

A

Certain conditions require the radiographer to COMPENSATE when establishing an exposure technique

134
Q

conditions that require an increase in technical factor

A

pneumonia
pleural effusion
hydrocephalus
enlarged heart
edema
ascites

135
Q

conditions that require an decrease in technical factor

A

old age
pneumothorax
emaciation
emphysema
degenerative arthritis
atrophy

RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING II (2 decks)

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