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MEDTRANS > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

review for midterms

1
Q

BRINGS OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO ALL THE PARTS OF THE BODY SO THEY CAN
KEEP WORKING

A

BLOOD

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2
Q

CARRIES CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER WASTE MATERIALS TO
THE LUNGS, KIDNEYS, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY

A

BLOOD

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3
Q

ALSO FIGHTS INFECTIONS, AND CARRIES HORMONES AROUND THE BODY

A

ALSO FIGHTS INFECTIONS, AND CARRIES HORMONES AROUND THE BODY

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4
Q

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

A

PLASMA (55%)
WBC (LESS THAN 1%) BUFFY COAT
RBC (40-45%)
PLATELETS (LESS THAN 1%) BUFFY COAT`

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5
Q

THE LIQUID COMPONENT OF BLOOD, CAN BE ISOLATED BY SPINNING A
TUBE OF WHOLE BLOOD AT HIGH SPEEDS IN A CENTRIFUGE

A

plasma

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6
Q

IS ABOUT 90% WATER, WITH THE REMAINING 10%MADE UP OF IONS, PROTEINS, NUTRIENTS, WASTES, AND DISSOLVED GASES. THE IONS, PROTEINS, AND OTHER MOLECULES FOUND IN _ ARE IMPORTANT FOR MAINTAINING BLOOD PH AND OSMOTIC BALANCE, WITH ALBUMIN (THE MAIN PROTEIN IN HUMAN PLASMA) PLAYING A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT ROLE.

A

plasma

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7
Q

ARE MUCH LESS COMMON THAN RED BLOOD CELLS AND MAKE UP LESS THAN
1% OF THE CELLS IN BLOOD.

THEIR ROLE IS ALSO VERY DIFFERENT FROMTHAT OF RED BLOOD CELLS: THEY
ARE PRIMARILY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSES, RECOGNIZING AND NEUTRALIZING INVADERS SUCH
AS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

A

wbc (leukocytes)
`

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8
Q

ARE LARGER THAN RED BLOOD CELLS

A

wbc

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9
Q

two groups of wbc

A

granulocytes (NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, AND BASOPHILS)

agranulocytes ( MONOCYTES AND LYMPHOCYTES)

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10
Q

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
HAVE DIFFERENT LIFETIMES, RANGING FROM HOURS TO YEARS, AND NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED PRIMARILY IN THE
BONE MARROW

(ALTHOUGH SOME ARE MADE OR MATURE IN THE THYMUS, LYMPH NODES, AND SPLEEN)

A

wbc

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11
Q

ARE CELL FRAGMENTS INVOLVEDIN BLOOD CLOTTING

A

platelets

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12
Q

how many platelets can one megakaryocyte make?

A

2000-3000, 2-4 micrometers in diameter

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13
Q

THEY
ARE PRODUCED WHEN LARGE CELLS CALLED MEGAKARYOCYTES BREAK INTO PIECES, EACH ONE MAKING
2000-3000 PLATELETS AS IT COMES APART. THEY ARE ROUGHLY DISC SHAPE AND SMALL, ABOUT 2-4
MICROMETERSIN DIAMETER

A

platelets

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14
Q

ARE ATTRACTED TO THE WOUND SITE, WHERE THEY FORM A STICKY PLUG.

A

platelets

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15
Q

A WATER-SOLUBLE PROTEIN PRESENT IN BLOOD PLASMA ACTIVATED BY SIGNALLING CASCADE BY PLATELETS IN RESPONSE TO DAMAGED BLOOD VESSEL

A

FIBRINOGEN

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16
Q

A NON-WATER
SOLUBLE PROTEIN. FORMS THREADS THAT REINFORCE THE PLATELET PLUG, MAKING A CLOT THAT PREVENTS FURTHER LOSS OF BLOOD

A

FIBRIN

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17
Q

ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CIRCULATE THROUGH THE BODY
AND DELIVER OXYGEN TO TISSUES

A

RBC

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18
Q

SIZE OF RBC

A

SMALL AND BICONCAVE
(THINNEST IN THE CENTER, JUST 7-8 MICROMETERIN SIZE

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19
Q

INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA-TO-VOLUME RATIO, IMPROVING GAS EXCHANGE,

A

SMALL SIZE AND BICONCAVE SHAPE

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20
Q

MAKES ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR HEMOGLOBIN

A

LACK OF A NUCLEUS

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21
Q

KEEPS RED BLOOD CELLS FROM USINGANY OF THE OXYGEN THEY’RE
CARRYING, MAXIMIZING THE AMOUNT DELIVERED TO TISSUES OF THE BODY.

A

. LACK OF MITOCHONDRIA

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22
Q

lifespan of rbc

A

120 days

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23
Q

where are do broken/damaged rbc go

where are rbc made?

A

liver&spleen

bone marrow

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24
Q

controls rbc production, RELEASED BY
THE KIDNEYS IN RESPONSE TO LOW OXYGEN LEVELS. (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP)

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

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25
Q

S THE FLUID AND SOLVENT COMPONENT OF BLOOD WHICH DOES NOT PLAY A ROLE IN CLOTTING. BLOOD PLASMA WITHOUT THE CLOTTING FACTORS, OR AS BLOOD WITH ALL CELLS AND
CLOTTING FACTORS REMOVED.

CONTAINS ALL PROTEINS EXCEPT CLOTTING FACTORS (INVOLVED
IN BLOOD CLOTTING), INCLUDING ALL ELECTROLYTES, ANTIBODIES, ANTIGENS, HORMONES; AND ANY
EXOGENOUS SUBSTANCES (E.G., DRUGS, MICROORGANISMS).

DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL THE
FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD, WHICH INCLUDE BLOOD CELLS (WHITE BLOODCELLS (LEUKOCYTES), RED
BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES), LYMPHOCYTES) AND PLATELETS

A

serum

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26
Q

TO OBTAIN _, A BLOOD SAMPLE IS ALLOWED TO CLOT (COAGULATION). THE SAMPLE IS THEN CENTRIFUGED
TO REMOVE THE CLOT AND BLOOD CELLS, AND THE RESULTING LIQUID SUPERNATANT IS _

A

serum

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27
Q

collecting blood from individuals who
have difficult veins,

phlebotomist to control the speed at which the blood is taken by adjusting the plunger.

A

syringe

28
Q

This can help to reduce the risk of a blown vein, as syringes don’t create a pressure system as evacuated tubes do. This can lead
to a more successful and comfortable phlebotomy experience

A

syringe

29
Q

An evacuated tube system is a preferred method for
collecting blood from individuals with healthy and stable veins; however, this system may not be suitable for those with challenging veins

A

EVACUATED TUBE
SYSTEM

30
Q

names of butetrfly

A

Butterfly needles
winged steel needles
scalp vein set
winged infusion set

31
Q

s are open
systems of blood collection. Aside from drawing blood
from the patient, they’re also useful for delivering most
types of laboratory medicine or other liquids to the vein
through an intravenous catheter.

A

butterfly needle

32
Q

Equipment and
supplies

A

▪ Blood drawing system to use (syringe, vacuum tube, or
butterfly needle set)
▪ Tube/s
▪ Tourniquet
▪ Gloves
▪ Alcohol
▪ Cotton
▪ Micropore Or surgical tape
▪ Pen/ pentel pen
▪ Sharps container

33
Q

clotted blood/serum gray/red or clear

A

no additive (discard tube)

34
Q

clotted blood/serum yellow/red

A

polymer barrier

34
Q

clotted blood/serum gold

A

clot activator and polymer barrier

34
Q

clotted blood/serum red

A

none or clot activator in plastic tube

35
Q

clotted blood/serum orange/yellow/grey

A

thrombin (rapid serum tube)

36
Q

clotted blood/serum royal blue

A

clot activator; sterile tube for trace elements, toxicology, and nutritional studies

36
Q

clotted blood/serum red/ black

A

clot activator and polymer barrier

36
Q

whole blood/plasma green/gray/lightgreen

A

polymer barrierand lithuim heparin

36
Q

whole blood/plasma light blue

A

buffed sodium citrate

36
Q

whole blood/plasma gray

A

sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate
sodium fluoride and Na2EDTA
sodium fluoride

36
Q

whole blood/plasma green

A

lithium heparin
sodium heparin
ammonium heparin

37
Q

whole blood/plasma lavender/purple

A

K3EDTA/
K2EDTA/
NA2EDTA

37
Q

whole blood/plasma royal blue

A

K2EDTA-streile tube for toxicology and nutritional studies

37
Q

whole blood black

A

sodium citrate for hematology

37
Q

whole blood/plasma pink

A

blood bank K2EDTA

37
Q

Is a collection of veins located within the arm’s inner area, opposite of the elbow, where the arm folds in. In this elbow pit, phlebotomists have easy access to the top three vein sites used in phlebotomy

A

Antecubital Fossa

38
Q

whole blood/plasma tan

A

K2EDTA Tube for lead testing

38
Q

whole blood yellow

A

sodium polyanethanol sulfonate (SPS)
acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

38
Q

Is used the most for its accessibility. It is large and near
the skin’s surface, making it easier for phlebotomists to
see before anchoring the vein. The median cubital
creates less bruising and pain than other draw sites

A

median cubital vein

38
Q

ideal sites for venipuncture

A

Antecubital Fossa

Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein

39
Q

is a safe secondary option if the median cubital vein is
not working. This vein can be found along the upper
arm to the thumb, but it is commonly drawn from the
forearm or antecubital fossa area

A

cephalic vein

39
Q

Serves as a last resort for blood draws. It is not as close
to the skin surface as the median cubital and cephalic
veins, which poses a greater risk of damage to the
median nerve and brachial artery.

A

basilic vein

40
Q

areas to avoid

A

feet and legs (adults)
infection
scarring
burns
same arm of mastectomy

41
Q

Steps in
venipuncture
using syringe

A

▪ Explain the procedure and verify why you are drawing
blood
▪ Identify the patient
▪ Confirm the tests required and that you have the necessary
vacuum tubes for collection
▪ Ensure the vacuum tubes are labeled with the patient’s
information
▪ Wash your hands and put on your sterile gloves
▪ Place the patient’s arm on the arm board (if available) and
extend the arm fully
▪ Apply the tourniquet 3 to 4 inches above the access site
▪ Have the patient form a fist and look for a good vein
▪ Select a vein, release the tourniquet, and ask the patient to
relax their fist
▪ Cleanse the site thoroughly with the alcohol swab
▪ Cleanse the site thoroughly with the alcohol swab
Cont. Of steps
▪ Reapply the tourniquet and have the patient again make a fist
▪ Uncap the needle
▪ Grasp the patient’s lower arm to draw the skin taut and anchor the
vein from rolling.
▪ Insert the needle
▪ If correctly inserted, blood should flow into the vacuum tube. If this
is not happening, the needle either missed or passed through the
vein.
▪ As the blood flows into the tube, have the patient release their fist.
▪ After you collect the requisite number of tubes, you can release the
tourniquet
▪ Place the gauze pad over the needle and remove it. Apply slight
pressure to the sight and cover it with a bandage.
▪ Place the labels on the collected blood
▪ Discard the collection unit, placing the needle in the container
▪ Send the blood specimens to the lab for testing

42
Q

order of draw 1. Color Varies

A

blood cultures

43
Q

order of draw light blue

A

sodium citrate

44
Q

order of draw red

A

clotactivator

45
Q

order of draw gold

A

SST

46
Q

order of draw light green

A

lithium heparin

47
Q

order of draw dark green

A

sodium heparin

48
Q

order of draw lavender

A

EDTA

49
Q

order of draw gray

A

sodium fluoride

50
Q

complications in venipuncture

A

▪ Bruising and soreness
▪ Infection
▪ Hematoma formation
▪ Nerve injury
▪ Arterial puncture
▪ Fainting or near fainting

MEDTRANS (6 decks)

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