Midterms Flashcards
The pH at which the remineralization of damaged tooth structure occurs is said to be:
5.5
Caries occurring on more than two surfaces is known as:
Complex caries
In which type of lesions eburnation of the dentin is seen?
Arrested caries
Slow caries leading to formation of black, hard, cleansable dentin is called as:
Eburnated dentin
All the following are true for non-active caries, EXCEPT:
A. Pain on excavation
B. Soft and cheesy
C. Dark and hard
D. Presence of dark pigmentation
A. Pain on excavation
Black’s classification of a class IV cavity is:
A. Fracture of the incisal angle without caries
B. Proximal caries lesion which doesn’t include the incisal angle
C. Cavity present only on the incisal edges
D. A class II cavity extending to include incisal edges
D. A class II cavity extending to include incisal edges
According to Black’s classification caries on the lingual pits of maxillary central incisors are:
Class I
Root caries is alarming because:
It has rapid progession
Chronic dental caries manifests as:
Brown pigmented lesion
Whenever the caries cone in enamel is larger or at least the same size as that in dentin, it is called as:
Forward caries
White spot in enamel is due to:
Increased enamel porosity
The “Fluoride bombs” is related to:
Undiagnosed hidden caries
“Double inverted cone” type of penetration of dental caries is seen in:
Smooth surface caries
Approximately how much time is required for progression of incipient lesion to clinical cavitated caries on smooth surface?
18 months, plus or minus 6 months
Diagnosis of small occlusal cavities is most readily made by:
Explorer and compressed air
Proximal caries can be detected best with:
Bitewing radiograph
As per the Stephan curve, once the plaque pH has fallen. How long does it take to return to neutrality?
10-30 mins
Diagnodent uses which source of light?
Laser light
Zone of enamel caries that has microporosities/ enamel tags
Translucent zone
Pore volume of translucent zone
1%
Zone of enamel caries that is exposed to light
Translucent zone
Porosities are formed through acid etching which is made of:
37% phosphoric acid
Pore volume of the dark zone is
2-4%
This zone of enamel caries does not emit polarized light
Dark zone
There is a loss of crystalline structure in this zone of enamel caries
Dark zone
This is also known as the positive zone
Dark zone
This zone is the largest portion of incipient caries
Body of lesion/ Subsurface zone
Area where most formation of voids is found because of the dissolution of the content
Body of lesion/ Subsurface zone
This zone is the greatest area of demineralization
Body of lesion/ Subsurface zone
Pore volume of the subsurface zone
5-25%
This zone has enhanced Striae of Retzius
Body of lesion/ Subsurface zone
Primary entry of caries is in
Enamel rods
This zone is fully intact because surface is harder than subsurface enamel
Surface zone/ Surface of the lesion
Zone not or least affected/ demineralized by caries
Surface zone/ Surface of the lesion
This zone has a greater resistance probably due to greater degree of mineralization and greater fluoride concentration
Surface zone/ Surface of the lesion
This zone can be arrested by fluoridation
Surface zone/ Surface of the lesion
Pore volume of the surface zone
<5% or >1-1%
In etching the enamel, always start at the
Deepest portion
Initiation and progression are 2 distinct processes in caries development, which of the following is associated to initiation and progression?
Acidogenic bacteria, proteolytic microorganisms
Method for examination of a suspicious area on the approximal surface
Tooth separation
In the absence of tooth brush, chewing a piece of xylitol gum for minutes after eating achieves the following, EXCEPT
Eliminate bacterial plaque from the teeth
Reduce acidogenicity of plaque
Stimulate Salivary flow
Enhance remineralization and help arrest dentinal caries
Reduce acidogenicity of plaque
Which zone is closest to the enamel and involves widening and distortion of dentinal tubules filled with bacteria?
Turbid zone
Employed to work out the causative caries factors but it cannot predict the caries outcome
Risk model
Allows for a tailored preventive counseling and action based on individual risk level
CAMBRA
Which of the following is true about dental caries?
Infectious and transmissible
Non infectious but transmissible
Multifactorial but not transmissible
Infectious and transmissible
Among Southeast Asian countries, Philippines has the highest number of Covid patients and rank 20 in the whole world in the last two weeks. This is an example of:
Incidence
Probability that a diagnostic test is positive, given that the disease is truly present:
Sensitivity
In which zone does liquefaction, collapse of tubules, and the formation of large necrotic areas of dentin occur?
Turbid zone
Total percentage of correctly assessed cases considering the presence and absence of disease
Accuracy
In pit and fissure caries, where do enamel caries lesions typically begin?
Along the side walls of pits and fissures
Root caries is initiated by:
A. Viscosus
Flushing effect of salivary flow to non adherent microorganisms is known as:
Bacterial clearance
TRUE OR FALSE
Sealing non-cavitated carious lesions and cavitated carious lesions extending into the dentin is less mechanically destructive and more protective of the dental pulp than removing the carious lesion.
True
According to this hypothesis, a certain change in the environment of the residential plaque flora provides pathogenicity to specific species that produce the disease only at a specific site.
Ecological plaque hypothesis
What distinguishes advanced pit and fissure caries from smooth surface caries?
Greater cavitation
Inverted cone pattern
Greater involvement of dentinal tubules
All of the above
All of the above
Smooth surface caries is mainly caused by
Streptococcus mutans
Going from higher to lower demineralization of enamel starts at the pH range from:
5 to 5.5
Incipient caries in dentin may be reversed by remineralization. When fluoride ion was used, it also has increased resistance to further caries attack
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
The first statement is correct, the second is not
The second statement is correct, the first is not
The second statement is correct, the first is not
Proportion of cases classified by a method as negative considering the total of cases that did not develop the disease
Specificity
Zones that can be removed by excavators:
Zones 4 & 5
How do slowly progressing lesions in advanced dentin caries appear clinically?
Hard, dry, and dark brown
Dental caries can be classified according to activity of carious lesion, EXCEPT:
Active caries
Arrested caries
Recurrent caries
None of the above
Recurrent caries
April, a 10-year-old patient, has a history of multiple cavities in the past. What does her past caries experience indicate in terms of caries risk assessment?
High risk
Why does dentin sclerosis occur in slowly progressing caries?
Protective response to trauma
How many days can dental plaque be readily visualized on teeth with no oral hygiene measures?
After 1-2 days
Movement of tissues and food materials over the teeth results in mechanical removal of plaque; such removal is particularly effective on the:
Coronal two-thirds of tooth surface
Which zone is completely obliterated in low-grade irritation in dentinal caries?
Sclerotic zone
What does sensitivity measure in caries detection methods?
Probability of correctly identifying patients without the disease
Probability of correctly identifying patients with the disease
Ability to correctly identify patients without the disease
Probability of correctly identifying patients with the disease
What is the main characteristic of low-grade irritation in dentinal caries?
Formation of sclerotic dentin
This is the type of caries that is usually found on the margins of old restorations.
Recurrent caries
First window of infectivity occurs at:
7-31 months
Remineralization of the curiously damaged tooth structure occurs as local pH
Rises below 5.5
What are the three stages of caries advancement in dentin?
1.Demineralization
2. Degeneration
3. Bacterial invasion
TRUE OR FALSE
In caries diagnosis, specificity test determines the ability of a specific test to correctly identify those with the disease or the true positive rate of the disease
False
What configuration does incipient pit and fissure caries assume?
Triangular
