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BSEE 110 > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

this is the most obvious of all sound effects. it is the use of words whose sounds suggest their meanings

A

onomatopoeia

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2
Q

it is the use of a succession of the same consonant, usually at the beginning of successive words

A

alliteration

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3
Q

drama by its nature is enacted through actions. this is achieved through conflict between the protagonist and an antagonist

A

enactment of drama

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4
Q

is the term which linguistx use to denote pointing expressions like “this” and “that” or “here” and “there” which are speaker-related

A

deixis

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5
Q

linguists make a distinction between what they call given and new information, in terms of how information is arranged by speakers

A

given versus new information

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6
Q

a long lyric poem with serious theme written in an elevated style

A

ode

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7
Q

it is the most widespread and most formal of lyric poems

A

sonnet

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8
Q

gives a verbal depiction, in verse, of a series of connected events and it drives caharacters through a plot.

A

narrative poetry

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9
Q

a long narrative poem, grabd both in theme and style and it deals with famous or historical events of national or universal significance, involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur

A

epic

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10
Q

is derived from the serious epic and satirizes present-date ideas or situations in a form and style burlesquing the serious epic

A

mock epic

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11
Q

a song transmitted orally, which tells a story. it is a vital form of folk poetry which was adapted for literary uses from the sixteenth century onwards.

A

ballad

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12
Q

the purpose of this powm is principally to teach some lesson and this can take the form of very precise instructions

A

didactic poetry

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13
Q

the repetition of the same consonant at the beginning of words that are close together

A

alliteration

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14
Q

this refers to the repetition of vowel souns to stress words or ideas and is used to add a musical quality to a poem

A

assonance

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15
Q

gives a musical quality to poetry and occurs at the ends of lines in a poem

A

rhyme

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16
Q

poets use this to add excitement to the sound of a poem and it is the imitation of natural sounds by words

A

onomatopoeia

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17
Q

the ability to see similarity in things dissimilar

A

metaphor

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18
Q

expresses a comparison between two unlike things with the use of “as” or “like”

A

simile

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19
Q

a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole or vice versa

A

synecdoche

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20
Q

this is aform of comparison which attributes human characteristics to abstravtion or things which are not human

A

personification

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21
Q

this is a figure of speech in which an object is used to stand for its users

A

metonymy

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22
Q

a literary device that is dryly humorous or lightly sarcastic within a speech in which words are used to convey a meaning contrary to their literal sense and is an expression of double meaning, and a statement in which words suggests the opposite of their literal sense

A

irony

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23
Q

this is an exaggeration employed to give force or intensity to a statement. it is a form of inordinate exaggeration according to which a person or thing is depicted as being better or worse, or larger or smaller, than is actually the case

A

hyperbole

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24
Q

enrails a situation where the reader or audience knows something about what’s happening in the plot, about which the characters has/have no knowledge

A

dramatic irony

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25
Q

an expression of truth by means of a particular symbolic meaning. the symbolic meaning can be either a character taking on the role of a personal quality or trait, or it can be clues that lead to a deeper meaning

A

allegory

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26
Q

to capture the conflicts and conplex meanings of the characters experiences through the individual words

A

pun

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27
Q

a dramatic speech uttered by a character speaking aloud alone on the stage

A

soliloquy

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28
Q

passive sentences to avoid personal responsibility and peculiar words and expressions such as transfer of service, termination of appointment

A

the register of bureaucracy

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29
Q

use of archaic words and expressions and absence of punctuations, peculiar words and expressions such as plaintiff, respondent, accused

A

legal register

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30
Q

use of exact and precise words / expressions and passive constructions to imbue the register with impresonal or scientific objectivity

A

the register of science

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31
Q

this type of discourse refers to what is happening like the nature of the social interaction taking place and what is it that the participants are engaged in

A

field

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32
Q

also known as the style of discourse. this accounts for the fomality or informality of the linguistic medium, it further identifies who is taling part in the discourse

A

tenor

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33
Q

the symbolic organization of text, it emphasizes the channel of communication such as spoken/written and other modes by which communication or thoughts can be expressed

A

mode

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34
Q

literature is seen as one of the manifestation and vehicles of a nation’s or race nature and tradition it includes the entire compels of what goes under this approach

A

cultural approach

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35
Q

literature is viewed as the expression of personality of inner drives or neurosis and it includes the psychology of the author, of the characters, and even the paychology of creation

A

psychological approach

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36
Q

literature is viewed to elucidate “reacting response” which is considered as something very personal, relative, and fruitful

A

impressionistic approach

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37
Q

the description and analysis of the variability forms of linguistic items in actual language use

A

style

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38
Q

study of the different styles that are present in either a given utterance or a written text or document

A

stylistics

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39
Q

studies is concerned with the varieties of language and the exploration of some of formal linguistic features which characterize them

A

linguistic stylistics

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40
Q

this depends on the situation and genre the writer chooses in expressing thoughts and opinions. two important choice planes are open to the writer: the paradigmatic and the syntagmatic

A

style as choice

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41
Q

every individual has his or her own unique way of doing things and that no two persons are of exactly the same character

A

style as the Man or style as individuality

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42
Q

there are rules, conventions and regulations that guide the different activities that must be executed and which define the norm

A

style as deviation from the norm

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43
Q

language is rule-governed style as conformity can be seen as the first available option for a writer to express himself

A

style as conformity

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44
Q

this style also relates to ____ this is so because language is dynamic — it is always changing

A

style as period or time

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45
Q

usually language is used according to this style. it is the context that determines language choice in speaking or writing

A

style as situation

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46
Q

4 goals of stylistics

A

to establish discourse peculiarities
to induce appreciation of discourses
to ascertain linguistics habits
to make critical judgements

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47
Q

characterize the discourse of a writer, speaker, period, people or genre. it helps us identify the british english style as different from the american english style

A

to establish discourse peculiarities

48
Q

to increase the enjoyment of the discourse, it opens the readers mind to the form and function and it unfolds the beauty in authorial and characters linguistic choices and open the reader or listens mind to the aesthetic appeals of such choices

A

to induce appreciation of discourses

49
Q

an authors style is the product of a particular linguistic habits, conditioned by some social, cultural, and ideological environment

A

to ascertain linguistic habits

50
Q

the application of stylistics on a discourse may help a stylistician to make an evaluative or critical judgement

A

to make critical judgement

51
Q

a stylistician can reasonably explore and give descriptions of the physical appearance of a literary text

A

graphological features

52
Q

management of the segmental (vowels and consonants) and the suprasegmental units of language

A

phonological features

53
Q

the identification of the effects created by the various sentence types in a text such as ellipses, parataxis, hypotaxis, right and left-branching sentences

A

syntactic features

54
Q

produce denotative, connotative, collocative, affective, thematic, or stylistic meanings based on the speakers or weiter intention

A

lexico-semantic features

55
Q

explores the linguistic features of a text and points out those linguistic choices which a writer or speaker has made as well as the effects of the choices

A

linguistics stylistics

56
Q

words may be repeated, synonyms or near-synonyms may be used

A

lexical repetition

57
Q

has to do with the arrangement of units larger than the word, these units include groups/phrases, clauses and sentences

A

syntactic features

58
Q

refers to how sound is organised to be meaningful

A

phonological features (sounds)

59
Q

arrangement of words based on their meanings

A

graphological features

60
Q

synonymous with to literary criticism, in a way. the purpose is to explain the individual message of the writer in terms which makes it important clear to others

A

literary stylistics

61
Q

this type of stylistics stemmed from the strand of modern subjective criticism called _____ otherwise known in the german school of criticism as reception aesthetics

A

reader-response stylistics

62
Q

attracts to the fascinating insights proferred by the reader-response criticism on the process of criticizing a text

A

affective stylistic

63
Q

writer / speaker oriented and focuses on style as purely the representation of the personality of the author

A

expressive stylistics

64
Q

reader / hearer oriented and its focus is on the consumers

A

affective stylistics

65
Q

part of the manifestations of linguistic stylistics and shows the meeting point between pragmatics and stylistic

A

pragmatic stylistic

66
Q

a teacher is guided by certain strategies or objectives

A

pedagogical stylistics

67
Q

the application of stylistics to crime detention and is possible to determine the author of a text and may be applied to confessional statements to the police

A

forensic stylistics

68
Q

combines phonic (audible noises) and graphic (visible marks) subtance of language

A

phono-graphology

69
Q

consists of twenty vowels (12 pure vowels & 8 dipthongs) and twenty-four (15 voiced and 9 voiceless) consonant

A

segmentals

70
Q

refers to the degree of force or loudness with which a syllable is pronounced

A

suprasegmental

71
Q

study of linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences, the philosophical and scientific study of meaning

A

semantics

72
Q

concerned with the meaning of words and and the meaning of syntactic units larger than the word

A

lexical semantics

73
Q

if the word is an identifiable unit of language, then, it must be possible to isolate a core stable meaning that enables its consistent use by a vast number of users in different situations

A

lexico semantics

74
Q

the meanings represented in the lexicon are interrelated because they cluster together to form fields of meaning wich in turn of metamorphose to a larger field of entailment. closely related to the notion of semantic field

A

lexical relations

75
Q

refers to the conceptual meaning of a word, it is the plain or central meaning of a word and is easily expresses in terms of componential features and said to be its literal, objective meaning

A

denotative meanings

76
Q

additional, suggestive, personal or cultural meaning and can be regarded as a subjective meaning

A

conotative meaning

77
Q

a stretch of grammatically coherent words without a subject and finite verb, unless it is a verbal group

A

the group

78
Q

higher in rank than a group, a group of grammatically coherent words with a subject and a finite verb

A

the clause

79
Q

referred to as “down-grading” and two units of grammar that could rankshift are the group and the clause

A

the notion of rank shifting

80
Q

as a grammatical category in relation to the verbal group relates to whether the subject acts or is acted upon.

A

the grammatical category of voice

81
Q

has to do with sense and when a text or discourse makes sense to the reader, the text is said to have this and accounts for the meaningfulness or relavance of a text

A

coherence

82
Q

from the latin word “sticking together” is a term in functional grammar that relates to how texts (words and sentences) are held together lexically and grammatically as a whole and defines the textuality of a text

A

cohesion

83
Q

means using pronouns or determiners to refer to the known nouns in a text

A

referential cohesion

84
Q

known as anaphoric reference

A

backward referencing

85
Q

calles as cataphoric reference

A

forward referencing

86
Q

a kind of substitution by zero and deals with tge omission of word(s) while relying on the readers mind to deduce and dill in the missing bits from what they have read or heard before

A

elliptical cohesion

87
Q

this denotes replacing a linguitics item with another

A

substitution

88
Q

means ysing words to achieve unity in a text

A

lexical cohesion

89
Q

using words that go with each other

A

collocation

90
Q

repeating the same syntactic patter/structure

A

parallelism

91
Q

making certain fearures prominent in a text and for purely aesthetic exploitation of language which has the aim of making what is familiar unfamiliar in order to attract attention

A

foregrounding

92
Q

violations of linguistic norms

A

deviations

93
Q

one of the most resembles our conventional, everyday kind of story telling activity

A

prose fiction

94
Q

subgenre of prose fiction and very difficult form to describe

A

novella

95
Q

form of prose fixtion which narrates fundamentally, just one event, or an aspect of one event

A

short story

96
Q

a medium to pout out his emotions and feelings

A

poetry

97
Q

one of the oldest poetic forms and tells a long story about the great deeds of a great individual or group of individuals at one point ot the other in the process of their development as people

A

epic

98
Q

used to lament the death of a person and a formal and sustained lament

A

elegy

99
Q

similar with elegy but this is shorter and less formal and represented as a text to be sung

A

dirge

100
Q

a type of poem that is sung and accompanied by playing a musical instrument

A

lyrical poem

101
Q

sings the praise of a person or thing, occasional poetry

A

panegyric poetry

102
Q

a 14 line poerm divided into the octave (first 8 lines) and sestet (the last 6 lines)

A

sonnet

103
Q

most presentational of the three genres of literature and designed to present its statements in a combination of action and words

A

drama

104
Q

subgenre of drama and was popularized by william shakespeare

A

tragicomic

105
Q

dramatic presentation and designed to create and involve humour

A

a comic play

106
Q

any weitten story of a considerable length which consists of paragraphs and chapters

A

prose fiction

107
Q

created around a single idea or quality and is very easy to describe as he is simple in thoughts and actions and does not change

A

flat character

108
Q

complex in thoughts and actions and so cannot be described as easily as the flat character and cannot be presicted with a high degree of accuracy

A

round character

109
Q

whenever a poet adopts someone else’s personality or uses this device, he is said to be adopting a ____

A

persona

110
Q

to describe any writing which is descriptive and helps the reader to visualize a scene and so to experience the poets’ experience, can be aural or visual.

A

imagery

111
Q

each foot consists of an unstressed syllable gollowed by a stressed syllable and the most common in english poetry.

A

iambic rhythm

112
Q

consists of a stressed syllably followed by an unstressed syllable

A

trochaic syllable

113
Q

consists of two unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable

A

anapaestic rhythm

114
Q

consisting of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables

A

dactylic rhythm

115
Q

aesthetically attractive and became a model way of speaking

A

anomalistic rhetoric of cicero

116
Q

its interest is in decribing the form and function of language in the poem, paying attention to certain curiosities that may be accounted for in linguistic terms

A

linguistix stylistic analyst

117
Q

certain characteristic use of words may help us identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on

A

lexico-semantic features

BSEE 110 (1 decks)

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