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plant systematics > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

paiba-iba ng shape

A

Plasticity

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2
Q

having two (2) leaves

A

Bifoliate

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3
Q

common in Aroids (family of Arums or Araceae)

A

Hastate

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4
Q

known as windmill bush and banana bush, is a species of plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae.

A

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui

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5
Q

where did plants first thrive?

A

aquatic

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6
Q

how do plants disperse?

A

pollen

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7
Q

agent of pollination of ancestor plants

A

water (buoyant)

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8
Q

this becomes the fruit

A

ovary

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9
Q

this becomes the seeds

A

ovule

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10
Q

the male part

A

stamen (anther and filament)

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11
Q

the female part

A

pistil (stigma, style, ovary)

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12
Q

they are mostly white in color, have an odor, and their pollinators are bats and moths

A

night flowers

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13
Q

can be either staminate or pistillate

A

unisexual - monoecious

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14
Q

complete four whorls

A

perfect flower

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15
Q

this is the outermost part of flower

A

calyx or sepal

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16
Q

it is a specialized short shoot

A

flower

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17
Q

the petals and other parts of flowers are ____ adapted to carry on _______ and ___________

A

modified leaves; sexual reproduction and production of seeds

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18
Q

as a unit, flower performs what two functions?

A

precise pollen transfer and production of fruit and seeds

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19
Q

pollen transfer is achieved by transfer agents like?

A

insects, birds or other flying animals, wind, or water

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20
Q

flower is basically a ____ with _______, so almost everything discussed about the internal features of vegetative shoots also applies to flowers.

A

stem; leaflike structures

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21
Q

this growth does not occur in flowers

A

secondary growth

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22
Q

t or f: flower never becomes woody

A

true

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23
Q

basic ____ and _____ of flowers and fruits are not affected quite so much by environmental factors

A

morphology and anatomy

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24
Q

what are the essential parts of flower?

A

pistil and stamen

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25
Q

the female structure, composed of ovary, stigma, style

A

pistil, carpel, gynoecium

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26
Q

the male structure consisting of anther and filament

A

stamen, androecium

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27
Q

what are the accessory parts of flower?

A

perianth (corolla/petal and calyx/sepal)

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28
Q

the flower is joined to the stem by a central axis the stalk commonly known as

A

peduncle or pedicel

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29
Q

the expanded terminal portion of the pedicel where the floral parts arise is called

A

torus or receptacle

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30
Q

pistils, stamen, calyx, and corolla are present

A

complete flower

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31
Q

one or more of its parts (pistils, stamen, calyx, and corolla) is/are missing

A

incomplete flower

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32
Q

both stamen and pistil are present in one flower

A

perfect flower or bisexual

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33
Q

either stamen or pistil is present, not both in one flower

A

imperfect flower or unisexual

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34
Q

both staminate and pistillate flowers are borne on the same plant, ex: corn

A

monoecious

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35
Q

staminate flowers are produced by one plant and the pistillate flowers by another plant, ex: papaya

A

dioecious

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36
Q

ovary (pistil) superior, sepal, petal, and stamen below

A

hypogynous

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37
Q

ovary (pistil) inferior, sepal, petal, and stamen above

A

epigynous

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38
Q

ovary (pistil) superior by half inferior-pistil at the bottom of receptacle or the edges of which the sepal, stamen, and petal are attached

A

perigynous

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39
Q

floral organs of the same kind fused

A

conation

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39
Q

floral organs of another type maybe fused together

A

adnation

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40
Q

when parts of each set of organs is of the same size and shape and they show radial symmetry

A

regular flower

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41
Q

when some parts of one or more sets of organs differ from other parts of the same set either in size or in shape, or both

A

irregular flower

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42
Q

represented by bean flowers

A

papilionaceous

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43
Q

represented by the orchids

A

orchidaceous

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44
Q

represented by the fire or flame tree, caballero

A

caesalpinaceous

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45
Q

two sets of petals

A

two lipped or bilabiate

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46
Q

it consists of standard or banner petal, two wing petals, keel, stamen, stigma, hypogynous

A

bean flowers

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47
Q

it consists of epigynous, three distinct sepals, two wing petals, stamens

A

orchid flowers

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48
Q

it consists of petal, keel, stamen

A

flame tree flowers

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49
Q

parts may be produced on the receptacles

A

spiral

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50
Q

parts maybe produced in circle

A

whorls

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51
Q

sessile flowers on simple undivided axis

A

spike or spicate

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52
Q

pedicelled flowers on undivided axis

A

raceme or racemose

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53
Q

floral axis is much branched from which pedicellate flowers arise

A

panicle or paniculate

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54
Q

predicted flowers of equal length arise from a common point

A

umbel or umbellate

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55
Q

composed rays and disks flowers wherein sessile flowers arise from a flat or short axis producing a globose or flat-topped cluster

A

head or capitulum

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56
Q

a modified panicle, a flat-topped or convex-topped inflorescence due to lower flowers having longer pedicels. Outer flowers open first

A

corymb or corymbose

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57
Q

similar to corymb but thin inner flowers open first

A

cyme or cymose

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58
Q

several spadices (perfect or unisexual, fleshy flower on fleshy axis enclosed by a floral envelope, which is actually a fleshy bract, the spathe

A

fascicle

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59
Q

family poaceae is also known as

A

family gramineae or grass family

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60
Q

they are fodders, grow annually, prevent soil erosion (fibrous roots), and comprise 60% of biomass

A

family poaceae

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61
Q

they are one-time flower. After flowering, they are dead

A

bamboos

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62
Q

this genus has adventitious roots

A

genus Zea

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63
Q

di na nakakabalik

A

disclimax

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64
Q

what is the fruit of poaceae?

A

caryopsis (fused with seed coat)

65
Q

family burseraceae is also known as

A

frankincense family

66
Q

has almond smell and has bigger scales

A

family burseraceae

67
Q

consists of resinous shrubs and trees

A

family burseraceae

68
Q

the order of family burseraceae

A

order sapindales

69
Q

native in tropical areas and forests and woodlands

A

family burseraceae

70
Q
  • They are woody trees.
  • Shrubby, pachycaulous, or caudiciform.
  • Resin-production ability – protects from pathogens.
  • Fleshy fruit or dry compound drupe.
  • Seeds encapsulated in a pyrene.
  • Drought tolerant.
A

family burseraceae

71
Q
  • Resin-production.
  • Alternate leaves
A

family burseraceae

72
Q
  • Resin ducts – non-allergic.
  • Compound or lobed leaves.
  • Armed with laterally compressed, cuspidate protuberances
A

family burseraceae

73
Q
  • presence of resins
  • aromatic bark that peels or flakes
  • almond-like smell
A

family burseraceae

74
Q
  • alternate, spiral leaves
  • petiolate and exstipulate
  • entire to serrate margin
  • basta oblong
  • pinnate venation
  • trifoliate or unifoliate
  • has pulvinus (swollen base)
A

family burseraceae

75
Q
  • axillary, raceme, panicle
  • actinomorphic
  • unisexual & dioecious
  • sepals connate and imbricate
  • petals imbricate (overlap)
  • stamens glabrous filaments
  • anthers two locules
    gynoecium connate carpels
  • hypogynous
A

family burseraceae

76
Q
  • fleshy drupes
  • 1-5 seeds
  • dicots
  • pyrenes dehiscent
A

family burseraceae

77
Q

source of wood

A

Dacryodes excelsia

78
Q

for varnish

A

Bursera microphylla

79
Q

brew tea, make varnish and turpentine, and make tiger balm

A

Bursera simaruba

80
Q

make incense

A

Boswellia carteri

81
Q

give common examples of family burseraceae

A

Philippine Elemi Tree
Pili
Frankincense
Myrrh
Gumbo Limbo
Garuga
Palo Santo

82
Q

give the economic importance of family burseraceae

A

Food, Medicinal Use, Resin Production, Essential Oil, and Timber

83
Q

family meliaceae is also called as

A

mahogany family

84
Q
  • Found in tropical and subtropical regions.
  • Classified as threatened or endangered
A

family meliaceae

85
Q
  • Pinnately compound leaves.
  • Lanceolate or oblong.
  • Aromatic wood.
  • Fleshy or woody capsules.
  • Multiple seeds.
  • Insecticidal properties.
  • Triterpenoid limonoids (destroy insects).
  • Can be deciduous or evergreen trees
A

family meliaceae

86
Q
  • leaflets along central axis (pedicel)
  • panicles or racemes
  • fruits are capsules or drupes
A

family meliaceae

87
Q
  • bipinnately compound leaves
  • cyme or umbel
  • large, woody capsules with winged seeds
  • produce secondary metabolites
  • tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions & form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi
A

family meliaceae

88
Q

serve as chemical defenses against herbivores and pests

A

limonoid and quassinoid (secondary metabolites)

89
Q

destroy insects

A

triterpenoid limonoid

90
Q
  • Alternate.
  • Exstipulate.
  • Pinnately compound, rarely simple.
  • Without transparent dots or glandular dots.
  • Leaf margin: serrated or entire
A

family meliaceae

91
Q
  • Woody bark.
  • Smooth or rough bark.
  • Inner bark may be reddish-brown or pink
A

family meliaceae

92
Q
  • Bisexual.
  • Calyx and corolla united.
  • Panicle or raceme.
  • Color varies.
  • Hypogynous, pedicellate
A

family meliaceae

93
Q
  • seed winged or fleshy aril
  • berry
  • capsule or drupe
  • branched tap roots
  • seeds are flattened and winged/aril
A

family meliaceae

94
Q

give the economic importance of family meliaceae

A

Oil, Medicine, Timber, Food and Beverage, and Ornamental

95
Q

produce commercial magossa oil

A

Melia azadirachta seeds

96
Q

used as an illuminant

A

Carapa guianensis oil

97
Q

used in microscopy

A

cedrela oil

98
Q

given common examples of family meliaceae

A
  • Mahogany (invasive)
  • Chinaberry
  • Santol
  • Lanzones
  • Cape Ash
  • Neem Tree (pang tanggal ng kuto)
99
Q
  • Compact inflorescence (heads).
  • Involucre of small, modified leaves (bracts).
  • Involucre is present, composed of phyllaries.
  • Hypogynous with a single basal ovule.
  • Disk or ray with the calyx.
  • Woody and perennial.
A

family asteraceae

100
Q
  • Alternate and simple or opposite, rarely whorled.
  • Lobes, toothed, and pinnately or palmately veined.
  • Fringe of hairs or pappus.
  • Anatropous ovule.
  • Insect pollination.
  • Life form: bushes, vines, and trees.
  • Flower types: bilabiate, disk, and ligulate
A

family asteraceae

101
Q

bract is also called as

A

phyllaries

102
Q

a whorl or rosette of bracts surrounding an inflorescence (especially a capitulum) or at the base of an umbel

A

involucre

103
Q
  • Composite head or capitulum with individual disc florets.
  • Herbaceous body.
  • Intricate petals.
  • Sturdy stems.
  • Gather in clusters.
A

family asteraceae

104
Q
  • achene-like cypsela fruit
  • simple or compound leaf
  • ray and disc florets
  • taproots and root tubers
  • erect, climbing, woody
  • five stamen, bicapillary syncarpous
  • calyx to papus or scale leaves
A

family asteraceae

105
Q

give the economic importance of family asteraceae

A
  • Source of Oil
  • Medicinal Value
  • Food Source
  • Insecticide
  • Ornamental
106
Q

give the common examples of family asteraceae

A
  • Aster
  • Zinnia
  • Chrysanthemum
  • Dahlia
  • Daisy
  • Dandelion
  • Lettuce
  • Marigold
  • Sunflower
107
Q

family fabaceae is also known as

A

leguminosae, papilionaceae, bean/pea/legume family

108
Q

Third largest family of flowering plants. Found everywhere except Antarctica and high arctic

A

family fabaceae

109
Q
  • Papilionaceous corolla (five petals).
  • Loment/lomentum.
  • Zygomorphic flower with diadelphous androecium (9+1 stamens condition).
  • The ovary is monocarpellary, superior, unilocular with marginal placentation
A

family fabaceae

110
Q

this is called the 9+1 stamen condition

A

diadelphous androecium

111
Q
  • alternate, stipulate, and simple leaves
  • Hermaphrodite flowers
  • Polyandrous androecium.
  • Anatropous ovules.
  • Polypetalous (separate petals) corolla
A

family fabaceae

112
Q

separate petals and fused petals

A

polypetalous and gamopetalous

113
Q

separate sepals and fused sepals

A

polysepalous and gamosepalous

114
Q
  • herbaceous and with annual life cycle.
  • compound leaves and leaflets are modified into tendrils (Pisum, Lanthyrus).
  • zygomorphic flowers (bilateral).
  • gamosepalous (united or partly united sepals).
  • papilionaceous (butterfly-like).
A

family fabaceae

115
Q
  • diadelphous stamen (stamens united by their filaments).
  • monocarpellary (single gynoecium).
  • simple legume fruits.
  • campylotropous.
  • non-endospermic
A

family fabaceae

116
Q
  • Alternate and compound leaves.
  • stipules at the base of the petiole.
  • pinnate or palmate
  • raceme, spike, head
  • bilateral and irregular
  • contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria
  • legume or pod that dehisces (splits open)
  • rounded or elliptical seeds
  • herbaceous
A

family fabaceae

117
Q

give the economic importance of family fabaceae

A
  • food source
  • agriculture
  • forage and fodder
  • industrial
  • timber/wood products
  • pharmaceuticals
  • ornamental
118
Q

for soy products

A

soybeans

119
Q

used in hummus and salads

A

chickpeas

120
Q

form symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A

red clover

121
Q

used as green manure cover crops

A

vetch

122
Q

used in gum Arabic production

A

acacia

123
Q

used in food processing and beverages

A

carob

124
Q

give common examples of family fabaceae

A
  • acacia
  • mung bean
  • peanut
  • pea
  • fire tree
  • makahiya
  • tamarind
125
Q

give the taxonomical classifcation of family rutaceae

A

d - eukarya
k - plantae
p - tracheophyta
c - dicotyledons
o - sapindales

126
Q

family rutaceae is known as

A

citrus or rue family

127
Q

Herbaceous perennials. Found in warm temperate and tropical regions

A

family rutaceae

127
Q
  • trees, shrubs, lianas, or rarely shrubs.
  • dicots.
  • Compound leaves have glandular punctate (this produces oil).
  • Regular flowers have five white petals.
  • opposite leaves.
  • 4 or 5 sepals fused together
A

family rutaceae

128
Q

they have thorns and specialized oil cells in leaves

A

family rutaceae

129
Q
  • taproots/fibrous
  • branched
  • Erect.
  • Woody.
  • Branched.
  • Cylindrical.
  • Gland Dotted
  • Alternate and Opposite.
  • Pinnately-Compound and Palmately-Compound
  • entire and serrate margin
A

family rutaceae

130
Q
  • unicostate and reticulate
  • cyme, axillary, terminal corymb, racemose
  • pedicellate
  • no bracts
  • hermaphrodite
  • actinomorphic
  • hypogynous
  • perfect and complete
  • pentamerous and tetramerous
  • twice stamens as petals
  • endospermic or exalbuminous
A

family rutaceae

131
Q

give the economic importance of family rutaceae

A
  • food consumption
  • medicine
  • ornamental
  • timber and essential oil
132
Q

give common examples of family rutaceae

A
  • orange
  • lemon
  • grapefruit
  • lime
133
Q

as laxative and in treatment of Dysentry

A

Aegle mameoles

134
Q

treatment of intestinal disorders

A

Murraya koenigil

135
Q

treat Glucomma

A

Pilocarpus sp.

136
Q

treatment of Asthma

A

Peganum harmala

137
Q

treatment of Malaria

A

Cusparia febrifuga

138
Q

treatment of fevers, dyspepsia, cholera

A

Zanthoxylum alatum

139
Q

they are high in vitamin c

A

citrus fruits

140
Q

no bracts is called

A

ebracteate

141
Q

where grasses are mainly planted

A

grasslands/savannahs and croplands

142
Q

what is grass

A

monocotyledonous angiosperms

143
Q

who coined the term poaceae?

A

John Hendley in 1895

144
Q

poeaceae is derived from?

A

greek word meaning fodder

145
Q

who introduced genus poa

A

carl linnaeus

146
Q

taxonomical classification of poaceae

A

plantae, angiosperms, monocotyledonae, poales, poaceae

147
Q

stem of grasses is called

A

culm

148
Q

annual grass

A

oryza

149
Q

perennial grass

A

Saccharum

150
Q

rarely tree grass

A

bamboo

151
Q

inflorescence of grass

A

spike or panicles of spikelets

152
Q

each spikelet of grass flower is composed of how many flowers

A

2-5 flowers

153
Q

pair of bracts is called

A

glumes

154
Q

two bracts of grass are called

A

palea and lemma

155
Q

perianth of grass is represented by two or three scale like called

A

lodicules

156
Q

what is the basis of poaceae

A

tribe poeae

157
Q

phylum angiosperms is also called what

A

phylum anthophyta

158
Q

class monocotyledonae is also called as

A

class liliopsida

plant systematics (2 decks)

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