Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
involves the production and
manufacturing of products through
chemical processes.
A
Chemical Engineering, n.
2
Q
translate processes developed in the lab
into practical applications for the
commercial production of products, and
then work to maintain and improve those
processes.
A
Chemical Engineer
3
Q
Industrial chemicals and
other consumer products
such as soap were mainly
produced through batch
processing
A
Pre-industrial era
4
Q
Production of sulfuric acid
A
1749
5
Q
Developed by Nicolas Leblanc in 1789
A
Common salt to soda ash
6
Q
Publication of atomic weights
A
John Dalton
7
Q
Studied by Sadi Carnot
A
Combustion reaction
8
Q
Soda ash by solvay process
A
Ernest solvay
9
Q
Published ideas on chemical trade journal
A
George E. davis
10
Q
New curriculum at MIT by Lewis M. Norton
A
Course X
11
Q
Anticipated unit ops concept
A
Arthur D. Little
12
Q
Board of Chemical Engineering
A
PA 2985
13
Q
First offered ChE in PH
A
Mapua Institute of Technology
14
Q
Chemical Engineering Law
A
RA 318
15
Q
Chemical engineering law of 2004
A
RA 9297
16
Q
No. Of registerd ChE
A
37,646
17
Q
An engineer must be able to communicate in a
clear, concise and convincing language in both
oral and written means
A
Knowledge of english
18
Q
The engineer must be adequately informed about
the legal matters that impact his duties and
responsibilities.
A
Legal relations
19
Q
Includes those callings which involve in their
practice
high ideals,
great
energy, distinguished ability, correct and logical
thought by means of which effective results
are obtained, through efficient application of
technical knowledge and proper organization.
A
Ethical and Personal relations
20
Q
Like the successful building of an engineering structure, success in life
also requires a solid foundation upon which to build.
A
Personal success
21
Q
The successful resolution of any problem requires both
thorough knowledge and the proper application of all of the
components on which the solution is dependent.
A
Factors of success
22
Q
The fundamental principles of the sciences on which practice
is based must be acquired, but these principles are usually
further investigated and their relationship to practical things
more fully determined when the engineer comes to apply
them to the actual work of design and construction
A
Judgment
23
Q
It is vital that the individual be able properly to estimate his
own abilities in order that he may miss no opportunity which
he is justified in undertaking, and in order that he shall also
avoid undertaking those things for which he is not qualified.
A
Self-knowledge
24
Q
That all men are to a greater or less degree biased in their judgment of
themselves and of others and of all problems and conditions with which
they come in contact is established by common experience.
A
Personal bias
25
Special knowledge and a special experience in a limited field of
engineering, unless accompanied by a broad consideration and a
considerable knowledge of collateral subjects, are apt to involve a
prejudice or bias in favor of the of such special means to the solution of
all problems to which such means can be applied
Bias of special knowledge
26
Personal experience should give the engineer his most useful and exact
knowledge, provided such experience is properly considered
Bias of personal experience
27
The normal conditions which obtain in any locality must of necessity
modify the successful solution of every local engineering problem.
Bias of local experience
28
No matter how conscientious a man may be or how much he may
endeavor to arrive at judgments which are thoroughly sound, he is
constantly in danger of not attaining the results desired if his personal
interests are in any way involved
Bias of personal interest
29
Almost every question can be regarded from several points of view, and
the correct answer is not always clear or apparent. Association will
normally establish the point of view from which the individual will consider
any question which is called to his attention
Bias of association
30
is not simply a
matter of dress but of personal
attitude as well.
Personal appearance
31
frequently brings opportunity, but character, energy
and ability are essential to successfully improve the
opportunities when offered.
Influence
32
the first opportunity for active service that
usually comes to the young engineer to “make good”.
Subordinate position
33
In such work the compensation is generally based on either a
per diem basis or on a percentage of the cost of the work
which is undertaken.
Private practice
34
is a set of rules and
regulations that explain appropriate
behavior in specific situations.
Dictates how employees must act
Focuses on rules and compliance
Has a broader scope
Usually only accessible to employees
Code of conduct
35
a set of principles based on
values and morals by which a company
makes decisions about what is right or wrong.
Explains how decisions are made
Focuses on values
Has a narrower scope
Publicly disclosed
Code of ethics
36
are legal rules enacted by people in a
political community. It includes constitutions, statutes,
and regulations.
Positive laws
37
refers to moral principles that govern a person's
behavior or the conduct of an activity
Ethics
38
Members of the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering profession by:
being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity their employers, their clients, and the public;
AlChE Code of Ethics
39
refers to a willful refusal to
follow orders, instructions, or
authority within an
organizational hierarchy
Insubordination
40
involves intentionally
misleading or concealing the
truth, which can manifest in
various forms such as lying,
cheating, or theft.
Dishonesty
41
signifies a lack of faithfulness,
commitment, or allegiance to a
person, group, or organization
Disloyalty
42
is a state of intoxication
resulting from excessive alcohol
consumption.
Drunkenness
43
refers to a lack of skill,
knowledge, or capability
required to perform a specific
task or job effectively
Incompetence
44
is a failure to fulfil one's duties,
responsibilities, or obligations in a
comprehensive manner
General neglect
45
denotes an employee's failure
to report to their job as
scheduled
Absence from work
46
implies that an individual
poses a threat to a nation's
security, either due to their
actions, associations, or
behaviours.
Being a poor national security risk
47
where an engineer or architect undertakes to supervise the construction
of work,
Engineer as an agent
48
to reject or condemn work or materials that, in his
opinion, are defective, and in some cases, to demand specific
expenditures for inspection, protection, or safety of the work, if he believes
they are necessary
Engineer as arbiter
49
These are the specific and explicit powers granted to the agent by the
principal through a written agreement or other forms of communication
Powers directly conferred
50
are the implied or necessary powers that an agent
needs to carry out their expressly granted duties
Incidental powers
51
have significant roles in protecting public safety, regulating
compliance, and settling technical disagreements within the
community
Engineers in local proceedings
52
An agreement between two or
more parties to provide services
in exchange for payment.
Contract
53
This is the simplest form of a construction contract. Under these types
of agreements, the customer agrees to pay a specified amount for the
completion of the work. A line-item cost breakdown is not required
Lump-sum/Fixed Price Contract
54
These contracts require that a contractor be reimbursed for all costs
incurred on the project (costs). In addition to that, there is a certain
percentage of those costs which constitute the contractor’s profit
(plus).
Cost-plus contract
55
This is an agreement where the contractor is paid an hourly rate for
labor, the actual cost of materials and equipment, and an additional
amount to cover overhead and profit
Time and Matrimonial contracts
56
arrangement where the customer pays a
fixed, agreed-upon amount for completion of each unit of work.
Instead of pricing the entire project, the contract is based on individual
“ chucks” of work.
Unit price contract
57
there is an agreed-upon limit to
how much the customer will be obligated to pay. These types of
contra will typically include a contingency fuch as a safety valve in
case unforeseen costs increase the contract price.
Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) Contracts
58
are a part of the construction
contract. They detailed the work,
materials, and installation required to
complete a project. The specs are a
subcontractor’s field guide on what
materials to use, how to install them,
and the desired level of quality.
Contract Specifications
59
Provide step-by-step details and instructions on how the types of
materials to be used and the desired installation methods.
Prescriptive Specifications
60
Provide all of the operations requirements to complete a project.
Instead of giving detailed instructions on how to achieve the desired
final product, performance specs will be describe the anticipated
results.
Performance specifications
61
These third type of specifications are the rarest of the breed. They
are used when a specific type of product or material is required for
installation. typically, proprietary specs are used when doing
renovations to an existing structure, and the client needs to match
the improvements to the completed portion.
Proprietary specifications
62
the understanding that the parties have of the contract.
Consent
63
known as the object of
the contract, means any and all works performed and services
rendered under the Contract for the benefit of the Ordering Party, as
well as any and all results of such works and services.
Subject matter of the contract
64
is the essential reason that moves the parties to
enter into a contract. This is the “why of the contract” which dictates the
nature of the contract.
Cause or consideration
65
accounting term that refers to a
contract that will cost a company more to fulfill than what the
company will receive in return.
Onerous contract
66
type of contract in which one party
promises to provide a gift or benefit to the other party as a token of
gratitude or in recognition of a service or favor that has already
been received.
Remuneratory contract
67
known as contracts of pure
beneficence, are essentially agreements to give donations,
Generosity or liberality is the cause of such contracts.
Gratuitous Contracts
68
A promise made by one party in accordance with the forms
required by law, may be a good cause or consideration.
Mutual Promise as A Cause/bilateral contract
69
very general, often ambiguous, term referring
to a general description of the work that is expected to be
performed under a particular contract.
“Scope of work
70
All engineering contracts must clearly outline the payments schedule
alongside the terms and conditions relevant when paying amounts due.
COST AND PAYMENT TERMS
71
The schedule of work must be clear in the contract, including the
notice to proceed date, construction start date, and date of
completion
Project's time frame
72
essentially the framework of the
construction contract documents. They provide the “hows” of the
project. Most importantly, general conditions establish all the rights
and obligations of the contracting parties.
General conditions
73
are typically an addition or amendment to the
general conditions section. This document will detail the specific
clauses and conditions for each task
Special conditions
74
Both parties must agree to the terms of the contract and intend to
be bound by them.
AGREEMENT OF VIEWS BETWEEN THE PARTIES
75
Whether a construction project is big or small, it’s possible for a
conflict to arise between the parties.
DISPUTE RESOLUTION CLAUSES.
76
the construction of an architectural or engineering work is
usually a rather complex undertaking requiring the labor of a
substantial number of mechanics of various trades and the
purchase of a wide variety of materials.
Business Arrangements
77
Government and nonprofit agencies undertake projects
designed to promote economic growth and create jobs in
specific areas
Direct employment
78
Use a contractor agreement to establish the scope of work,
payment details, tax liability, and more.
Contract A g r e eme n t
79
Has the ability to design
economically and to supervise
intelligently the construction
proposed.
E n g i n e e r
80
The results must be available to
those who undertake construction,
who must be required to make
such additional examinations and
investigations to give them
personal knowledge of conditions
involved
L o c a l C o n d i t i o n s
81
Continuous rain, severe cold
weather, floods, tornadoes and,
heavy winds
Contingencies
82
Every man is dependent for his
safety on his fellow men, who are
more or less careless and
unreliable, and on tools, machinery,
and apparatus that are liable to
contain unknown and serious
defects.
Casualties
83
Management by overseeing the
performance or operation of a
person or group
Supervision
84
Ability to secure suitable men in
sufficient numbers for the prompt
completion of construction
Labor
85
Illegal trade combinations may
cause extra expense in construction
work
Combinations
86
Disreputable defect in business relations
is still occasionally encountered and still
needs watchful attention
-Secure the acceptance of excessive
prices or substandard work
Graft
87
This evil creates some of the most
important uncertainties in the cost of
construction of public works
Sometimes results in forms of graft
Politics
88
The project owner acts as the prime contractor and carries out
the work with its own forces by providing field supervision,
materials, equipment and labour.
F O R C E A C C O U N T C O N S T R U C T I O N
89
The oldest and most common method of letting work under
contract is by receiving competitive bids of fixed prices.
Contract at Fixed Price
90
This contract covers both direct and indirect costs, in addition
to a fixed fee.
Contracts for Cost Plus Fixed Sum
91
Pay the contractor the actual cost of the construction work
with a specified percentage thereof as compensation for his
overhead expenses, personal services, and profits.
Contracts for cost plus a percentage
92
The contractor undertakes to complete the work for a fixed
sum and in a definite time.
In addition to this sum, he is to be paid a stated premium
which is reduced or increased, accordingly as the actual cost
and time of completion are greater or less than the stipulated
costs and time of completion
Contracts for Cost Plus a variable premium
93
procurement method commonly
used in various industries. It involves inviting multiple suppliers, contractors, or service
providers to submit bids or proposals for a particular project,
product, or service.
Competitive bidding
94
Language used should be clear, accurate and exact.
Use of english
95
also add to the efficiency and effectiveness of supervision and inspection
Paragraph and clauses should be arranged in logical order
More than one element should seldom be described in a single paragraph as such tends toward obscurity
Clearness
96
Any paragraph, sentence, or word which can be omitted without material effect on
the complete understanding of the subject should be omitted.
Brevity
97
It is only through ignorance, carelessness or dishonesty that
specifications are left so indefinite that the contractor can not know
exactly what is expected and required, or those which are unnecessary
or undesirable are included
Indefinite specifications
98
When only a limited amount of a particular kind of material or type of work needs to be specified, it
may be deemed appropriate to keep the requirements concise. However, the need still needs to
be precise and unambiguous.
Indeterminate specifications
99
Unnecessary or unreasonable requirements are always ambiguous and are
uncertain as to what is actually desired, and what will actually be required by the
engineer.
AMBIGUOUS
SPECIFICATION
100
It is unwise and unsafe for any engineer to exercise
unnecessary and arbitrary control over any part of the
work.
ARBITRARY
SPECIFICATIONS
101
Occasionally in specifications, it would seem the purpose of their writer is not only to
protect his client in every legal way but also to hamper the contractor by unfair and
uncalled for restriction
Unfair specifications
102
Size, shape, and dimension
Color, transparency, general
appearance, and appearance of
fracture
Uniformity, homogeneity, and
absence of apparent defects.
Specific gravity or relative weight,
density and porosity
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
103
Atomic weight
Chemical composition
Chemical combination
Chemical impurities
Corrodibilit
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
104
Specific Resistance
Relative Conductivity
ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
105
Melting and boiling points
Specific heat
Conductivity
Cubical and linear expansion
Heating value (fuels)
CALORIFIC
QUALITIES
106
When a detailed knowledge of the
effect of various qualities is available,
the control of work and material by
means of recognized standard tests is
the most desirable.
Tests
107
evident that material, machine or
structure may be properly controlled after
its quantity, capacity or dimensions have
been satisfactorily established,
Guarantee
108
In many cases materials,
machinery, etc., may be selected
on the basis of satisfactory results
of actual experience under similar
conditions of use.
SUCCESSFUL USE
