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FOR 171 > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

It involves finding out about things that no-one else knew either.

A

Research

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2
Q

It involves advancing the frontiers of knowledge.

A

Research

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3
Q

An activity that involves finding out things in a less or more systematic way.

A

Research

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4
Q

all _______ fields are _______ fields

A

academic, research

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5
Q

Give the fields of research

A

Disciplinary
Multidisciplinary
Interdisciplinary
Transdisciplinary/ convergence

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6
Q

A field of research that deals within one academic discipline

A

Disciplinary

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7
Q

A field of research that focuses on the development of new disciplinary knowledge

A

Disciplinary

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8
Q

A field of research wherein people from diff. disciplines work independently on a common problem.

A

Multidisciplinary

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9
Q

A field of research wherein the faculty share one common goal but look at it from their own discipline’s perspective.

A

Multidisciplinary

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10
Q

What is the advantage of multidisciplinary research?

A

The advantage is that each aspect can be analyzed by a particular specialty, which is necessary to answer complex research problems.

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11
Q

A field of research wherein the findings from each discipline are supplementary to each other.

A

Multidisciplinary

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12
Q

A field of research that relies on shared knowledge.

A

Interdisciplinary

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13
Q

What is the advantage of interdisciplinary research?

A

It integrates knowledge from two or more disciplines to solve problems whose solutions are beyond the scope of a single discipline.

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14
Q

In interdisciplinary research \, the diff. disciplines _______ and ______ _______.

A

Interact and work collaboratively

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15
Q

A field of research that has a similarity with multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research.

A

Transdisciplinary

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16
Q

A field of research that integrates insights and approaches from what have been historically been distinct scientific and technological disciplines.

A

Transdisciplinary

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17
Q

A field of research that must be deeply collaborative, involving a deep integration of disciplines

A

Transdisciplinary

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18
Q

A field of research wherein results should be a positive societal impact

A

Transdisciplinary

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19
Q

Give me 3 characteristics of research (part 1)

A
  1. Begins with a question from the researcher
  2. Requires plan
  3. Demands clear statement of the problem.
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20
Q

Give me 3 characteristics of research (part 2)

A
  1. Deals with the main problem through sub-problems
  2. Deals with facts
  3. Cyclical
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21
Q

A type of reasoning wherein the formation of conclusion is based on facts

A

Deductive reasoning

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22
Q

A type of reasoning with top to top-down approach to problems or from a general or universal premise.

A

Deductive Reasoning

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23
Q

A type of reasoning wherein the conclusions are based on what is known or observed

A

Abductive reasoning

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24
Q

A type of reasoning with a bottom-up approach to problems or from specific premises

A

Inductive reasoning

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25
Q

A type of reasoning wherein the conclusions are a probability rather than certain

A

Inductive

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26
Q

A type of reasoning wherein it forms a conclusion from information that is known.

A

Abductive reasoning

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27
Q

A type of reasoning that leads you to the best explanation on the state of events.

A

Abductive reasoning

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28
Q

A type of reasoning that deals with guesswork and forming a hypothesis like a doctor and detective.

A

Abductive reasoning

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29
Q

Give the personal characteristics of a researcher

A

Social skills
Patience
Flexibility
Persistence
Self-confidence
Determination

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30
Q

Give the academic characteristics of a researcher

A

Analytical mind
Global outlook
Writing skills
Innovative approach
Presentation skills
Scientific discipline

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31
Q

Give the academic characteristics of a researcher

A

Concentration
Insight
Keen observation
Originality
Precision and accuracy
Intellectual curiosity

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32
Q

Give the types of research according to purpose

A

Predictive research
Directive research
Illuminative research

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33
Q

A type of research that is chiefly concerned with forecasting outcomes, consequences or effects.

A

Predictive research/ Prognostic research

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34
Q

A type of research that tries to extrapolate from the analysis of existing phenomena etc. in order to predict something that has not been tried before.

A

Predictive research/ Prognostic research

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35
Q

A type of research with the purpose of determining the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of controlling the variables for the better

A

Predictive research/ Prognostic research

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36
Q

A type of research that determines what should be done based on the findings

A

Directive Research

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37
Q

A type of research that has a specific aim or is directed at a specific thing.

A

Directive research

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38
Q

A type of research that is concerned with the interactions of the variable being investigated (connections)

A

Illuminative research

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39
Q

Classification of research according to goal

A

Basic/ Pure research
Applied research

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40
Q

A type of research that is conducted for the intellectual pleasure of learning or for the development of theories or principles.

A

Basic/ Pure research

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41
Q

A type of research with the main motivation to expand man’s knowledge

A

Basic/Pure research

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42
Q

A type of research that has no commercial value to the discoveries

A

Basic/ Pure Research

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43
Q

A type of research that is testing the efficacy of theories and principles

A

Applied Research

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44
Q

A type of research that applies the results of pure research

A

Applied Research

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45
Q

Types of research according to levels of investigation

A

Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Experimental research

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46
Q

A type of research wherein the researcher studies the variables pertinent to a specific situation but doesn’t really offer a result.

A

Exploratory research

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47
Q

A type of research that focuses in establishing the hypothesis rather than deriving the result

A

Exploratory research

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48
Q

A type of research that concerns itself with defining issues or problems that are entirely not well-defined

A

Exploratory research

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49
Q

A type of research can conclude that a presumed phenomenon does not exist.

A

Exploratory research

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50
Q

This type of research is often known as sense-making research since it clarifies and sheds light on murky issues.

A

Exploratory research

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51
Q

A type of research that studies the relationships of the variables but can’t control them.

A

Descriptive research

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52
Q

A type of research that focuses on investigating and mapping problems, processes, or other existing phenomena.

A

Descriptive research

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53
Q

A type of research that is also termed as Ex post facto research (after the fact)

A

Descriptive research

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54
Q

This type of research emphasizes factual reporting, and can only report the details as they took place.

A

Descriptive Research

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55
Q

What are the methods used by descriptive research?

A

Observations, surveys, and case studies

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56
Q

A type of research wherein you can determine correlations between the variables applied and their effects on each other.

A

Experimental research

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57
Q

A type of research that uses the scientific method to find preferable ways of accomplishing a task for providing a service.

A

Experimental research

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58
Q

A variable that is changed by the scientist to ensure a good experiment.

A

Independent variable

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59
Q

A variable that responds to the change of the independent variable

A

Dependent variable

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60
Q

A variable that remains constant and must be observed as carefully as the dependent variable

A

Controlled variables

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61
Q

Classification of research according to the nature of data

A

Primary Research
Secondary research

62
Q

This type of research involves the collection of primary data through data collection methods.

A

Primary research

63
Q

It is data that has been generated by the researcher himself and designed for understanding the problem.

A

Primary data

64
Q

This type of research uses existing data generated by large government institutions as part of organizational record-keeping.

A

Secondary research

65
Q

This type of research is also termed desk-based research

A

Secondary research

66
Q

What are the advantages of secondary research?

A

Inexpensive
Analyzed and filtered
Selecting the best data
Times saver

67
Q

What are the advantages of primary research?

A

Meeting the requirements
First-hand data

68
Q

What are the disadvantages of primary research?

A

Raw data
Expensive
Collection of data
Consumes a lot of time

69
Q

This type of research depends on numerical data

A

quantitative data

70
Q

This type of research are adopted for scientific and field-based research

A

Quantitative research

71
Q

This type of research involves non-numerical data, such as opinions and literature

A

Qualitative research

72
Q

This type of research is often used in the social sciences to collect and interpret information

A

Qualitative research

73
Q

This type of research answers the why, what, and how

A

Qualitative Research

74
Q

What are the categories of quantitative research?

A

Descriptive
Correlational
Casual-comparative/ Quasi-Experimental
Experimental research

75
Q

This type of research seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable

A

Descriptive Research

76
Q

This type of research attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using STATISTICAL DATA.

A

Correlational Research

77
Q

This type of research will recognize trends and patterns in data

A

Correlational Research

78
Q

This type of research where variables are not manipulated but only identified

A

Correlational research

79
Q

This type of research attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among the variables.

A

Quasi-experimental

80
Q

This type of research is similar to true research but the independent variable is not manipulated by the experimenter

A

Quasi-experimental

81
Q

Give the 10 hindrances to scientific inquiry

A

To err is a human
Mystification
Ego involvement in understanding
Made-up information
Illogical reasoning
Selective observation
Overgeneralization
Inaccurate observation
Authority
Tradition

82
Q

This hindrance accepts that customs, beliefs, and superstitions are true and are parts of the daily lives of men.

A

Tradition

83
Q

This hindrance accepts an opinion about a certain subject given by someone with authority on the subject

A

Authority

84
Q

This hindrance describes the observation wrongly.

A

Inaccurate observation

85
Q

This hindrance establishes a pattern out of a few instances

A

Overgeneralization

86
Q

This hindrance believes in an observed pattern from an overgeneralization and ignores other patterns.

A

Selective observation

87
Q

This hindrance makes up information to explain a way of confusion.

A

Made-up information

88
Q

This hindrance attributes something to another without any logical basis

A

Illogical reasoning

89
Q

This hindrance gives an explanation when one finds himself in an unfavorable situation

A

Ego-involvement in understanding

90
Q

This hindrance is attributed to supernatural power

A

Mystification

91
Q

This hindrance accepts the fallibility of man. Wherein the researcher does not make any effort to study why he had an error.

A

To err is human

92
Q

What are the principles of the scientific method?

A

Rigid control
Objectivity
Systematic organization
Rigorous standards

93
Q

This principle manipulates the research variable

A

Rigid control

94
Q

This principle promotes no bias or partiality in treating the results if the inquiry

A

Objectivity

95
Q

This principle ensures proper and accurate tabulation of data as well as presenting them in statistical tables

A

Systematic organization

96
Q

This principle sets up standards that serve as the basis for evaluating the findings of a study.

A

Rigorous standards

97
Q

This refers to a set of principles of right conduct

A

Ethics

98
Q

What is a research misconduct?

A

It is plagiarism, falsification, and fabrication in proposing, performing, or reporting research results.

99
Q

It is using another person’s idea, results, or words without giving appropriate credit

A

Plagiarism

100
Q

It is making up data or results and recording them or reporting them

A

Fabrication

101
Q

It is manipulating research material, equipment, or processes such that research is not accurately represented in the research record

A

Falsification

102
Q

What are the elements of research ethics?

A

Social value
Informed consent
Transparency
Benefits, Risks, and safety

103
Q

Element of research ethics wherein the results contribute to the well-being of the society.

A

Social value

104
Q

Element of research ethics wherein the participant’s decision to take part in the research is out of his own free will.

A

Informed consent

105
Q

Element of research ethics wherein the participant has the full opportunity to ask questions and should be answered honestly.

A

Essential Information for participants

106
Q

Element of research ethics wherein the informed consent from the participant should be well documented consisting of signature or thumb mark.

A

Documentation of consent

107
Q

Element of research ethics wherein the vulnerable participants shall require special protection

A

Vulnerability of Research participant

108
Q

Element of research ethics wherein a research should give benefits to the participants.

A

Benefits, risks, and safety

109
Q

Element of research ethics wherein you must respect the participants, right to privacy unless required by law

A

Privacy and confidentiality of information

110
Q

Element of research ethics wherein all parties must be transparent about matters related to their involvement specifically in conflict of interests

A

Transparency

111
Q

It is an element of ethical research that
promotes confidence in the research enterprise,

A

Transparency

112
Q

It is a way of giving credit when a certain material in your work came from another source

A

Citation

113
Q

It provides a certain roadmap to your research process

A

Citation

114
Q

What is the importance of citation?

A

Gives proper credit to the authors
It allows your readers to locate your sources
Helps you avoid plagiarism

115
Q

This citation style format is used by education, psychology and sciences

A

APA

116
Q

This citation style format is used by the Humanities

A

MLA

117
Q

This citation style format is used by business, history and the fine arts

A

Chicago/Turabian style

118
Q

It is located at the end of the paper and contains all the sources cited in the paper.

A

Reference list

119
Q

What is the purpose of a reference list?

A

To help readers find the materials used

120
Q

What should be the order of references?

A

List each source alphabetically

121
Q

What is the format of the reference list?

A

Double spaced
Centered and bolded
Hanging indent

122
Q

It is a perplexing situation after it has been translated into a question that helps determine the direction of a subsequent inquiry

A

Problem

123
Q

It implies that an investigation, inquiry, or study is to be conducted

A

Research problem

124
Q

Elements of a research problem

A

Place/locale
Period/ time
Population/ universe
Aim/ purpose
Subject matter/ topic

125
Q

What are the sources of research problems?

A

Deductions from Theory
Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Interviewing Practitioners
Personal Experience
Relevant Literature

126
Q

A source of the research problem relates to deductions made from social philosophy embodied in life in society.

A

Deductions from Theory

127
Q

A source of the research problem that offers an opportunity to construct a more complex issue

A

Interdisciplinary perspective

128
Q

A source of the research problem that offers a chance to identify practical, “real world problems” that may be understudied by discussing with experts

A

Interviewing Practitioners

129
Q

A source of the research problem about your own experiences or frustrations with an issue facing society.

A

Personal Experience

130
Q

A source of the research problem from an extensive and thorough review of pertinent research associated with your area of interest

A

Relevant Literature

131
Q

Why do we need to research?

A

Fill gaps in knowledge
Evaluate methodologies if applicable to be adapted to solve other problems
To determine if the same study coulb be applied to a different subject area

132
Q

This is needed to find out and understand the causes and effects

A

Analysis

133
Q

A diagram used to analyze a problem specifically its cause and effect

A

Ishikawa / fish bone diagram

134
Q

What is the importance of the Ishikawa diagram?

A

It helps identify many possible causes for an effect and can be used to structure a brainstorming session.

135
Q

This is a self evident truth which is based upon a known fact or phenomenon

A

Assumption

136
Q

This is not explicitly expressed but left implicit, that is, they are unwritten

A

Assumption

137
Q

Every specific question is based on?

A

Assumption

138
Q

It is statements that are taken for granted or considered true, even not scientifically tested

A

Assumption

139
Q

This is a tentative conclusion or answer at the beginning of the investigation

A

Hypothesis

140
Q

An educated guess about answers

A

Hypothesis

141
Q

A form of hypothesis that is thought of as an implied hypothesis or it states that there is no difference between variables

A

Null hypothesis

142
Q

A form of hypothesis that is also known as the claim or state of what you expect the data to show

A

Alternative hypothesis

143
Q

This is the skeletal or structural frame

A

Framework

144
Q

This is the set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, or propositions that present a systematic view

A

Theoretical framework

145
Q

This presents a scenario of a knowledge gap which the study intends to fill up by synthesizing what has been done and what still has to be done

A

Theoretical framework

146
Q

This is the domain of your research or describes the research question that will be explored in your study

A

Scope

147
Q

These is the factors or aspects of the research area that you’ll exclude from your research

A

Delimitation

148
Q

It deals with the issues that are sometimes beyond the control of researchers but affect the methodology of the research

A

Limitation

149
Q

It forms a more detailed and narrowed-down formulation of the scope in terms of exclusions

A

Delimitation

150
Q

Take a 5-minute healthy break!

A

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