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Forest Health and Protection > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of biology that deals with the study of insects.

A

Entomology

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2
Q

refers to the temporary condition characterized by an excessive population of insect pests and causing losses to crops if not immediately controlled.

A

Insect outbreaks

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3
Q

a branch of Forest Biology that deals with the study of insects that affect forest products

A

Forest Entomology

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4
Q

Importance of Insects

A

-They serve as pollinators.
-They are agents of pest and disease control
-They are used as food for humans and livestock.
-provide other valuable goods
-They serve as agents of decomposition.
-They play an important role in maintaining soil productivity by enhancing soil fertility
-They have aesthetic values as reflected in the inspiration/
motivation they provide
- They are instrumental in the advancement of scientific researches or science and technology

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5
Q

Destructive nature of insects

A

Disease vectors
Inflict injuries to man
serious damages to forest products and crops
pests to livestock

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6
Q

A small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings

A

Insect

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7
Q

Insects serve as ______________, which leads to hybridization that promotes
plant diversity.

A

Pollinators

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8
Q

Forest Plantations that are more susceptible to pests and diseases.

A

Monoculture Plantation

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9
Q

The study of the classification of insects

A

Taxonomy

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10
Q

Taxonomy is based on
__________ _________for the most part of the organism being grouped together.

A

Structural similarity

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11
Q

What phylum of species are characterized by jointed legs

A

Phylum Arthropoda

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12
Q

Classes under Phylum Arthropoda

A
  1. Insecta
  2. Arachnida
  3. Crustacea
  4. Diplopoda
  5. Chilipoda
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13
Q

A class with a single pair of legs
per body segment.

A

Chilopoda

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14
Q

Three major body segments:

A

Head, thorax, and abdomen

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15
Q

OC; primitive, wingless insects;

A

Apterygota

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16
Q

OC; winged insect;

A

Pterygota

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17
Q

OC; pterygotes with simple metamorphosis;

A

Exopterogota

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18
Q
  • characterized by long and rounded jumping hind legs and
    straight wings; include grasshoppers, field crickets, mole crickets,
    walking sticks, praying mantis, and cockroaches.
A

Orthoptera

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19
Q

pterygotes with complete metamorphosis;

A

Endopterygota

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20
Q

feed on plants only.

A

Phytophagous

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21
Q

feed on animals.

A

Zoophagous

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22
Q

feed on other insects.

A

Entomophagous

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23
Q

two general types of
entomophagous insects:

A
  1. Parasite
  2. Predator
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24
Q

feed on dead or decaying plant or animal materials.

A

Saprophagous

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25
Q

feed on various (plant and animal) foods.

A

Polyphagous

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26
Q

feed on leaves of trees/ plants. Their feeding may reduce or stunt
tree growth or increase mortality depending on the severity of the damage
inflicted.

A

Defoliators:

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27
Q

beetles: adults invade trees or logs through the bark; larvae feed
on cambial region; adults may feed on cambium or solid wood;

A

Bark borer:

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28
Q

adult and/ or larval insects bore into the bark and wood/ or of
living trees or logs and may render the wood unfit for construction or other uses.

A

Wood borers:

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29
Q

adult and larvae destroy and distort buds and new shoots of young trees;

A

Bud and meristem feeders:

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30
Q

such as aphids and scale insects: adults and nymphs pierce host and withdraw nutrients causing decline in vigor and growth and death:

A

Plant’s juice/sap suckers

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31
Q

adults and larvae infect roots of healthy living trees and seedlings in forest and nurseries; feed on bark surface and roots and may consume the entire roots system.

A

Root and stem weevils:

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32
Q

Types of mouth parts

A

Chewing
Siphoning
Piercing-sucking
Chewing-lapping
Sponging
Chewing piercing

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33
Q

eggs are produced, fertilized and oviposited by the female such in moths

A

Oviparous

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34
Q

eggs are normally developed and fertilized but are retained and
hatched in the female body as in cockroaches, some beetles and flesh fly

A

Oviviparous

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35
Q

young (not eggs) are born/ produced as in humans

A

viviparous

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36
Q

refers to the inherent ability of insects to multiply as affected
by environmental factors.

A

Reproductive potential

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37
Q

The sum total of environmental factors that limits the
reproductive potential of organisms

A

Environmental resistance

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38
Q

appears suddenly in a small or restricted area and lasts for single
season and then subsides

A

Sporadic outbreaks

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39
Q

may occur at susceptible growth stages of crops as a result of
certain weather or environmental conditions.

A

Periodic outbreak

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40
Q

the science of the structure of insects.

A

Insect morphology

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41
Q

The anterior region of the insect body
carries the mouth parts, antenna, and the compound eyes.

A

Head

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42
Q

the individual units of the
compound eye

A

ommatidia

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43
Q

Mobile sensory segmented appendages. Functionally they are almost exclusively in sensory perception.

A

Insect antennae

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44
Q

Mouthparts that are directed backward below the insect’s body.

A

Opisthognathous

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45
Q

Mouthparts that are directed forward in front of the insect:

A

Prognathous

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46
Q

Mouthparts directed downward toward the ground. Used for grazing.

A

Hypognathous

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47
Q

Chewing mouthparts. Sclerotized mandibles (‘jaws’) which move side
to side for biting and chewing food particles.

A

Mandibulate

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48
Q

Sucking mouthparts. Often form tubular structures including beaks,
proboscis, and rostra:

A

Haustellate

49
Q

Thorax: nearest to the head; holds the
front pair of legs

A

Prothorax

50
Q

middle segment; holds the second pair of legs and the front pair of wings (fore wings)

A

Mesothorax

51
Q

distal segment; holds the third
pair of legs and the hind wings.

A

Metathorax

52
Q

The middle region of the body, bears the structures for locomotion-the wings and legs;

A

Thorax

53
Q

leathery in texture as the
wings of grasshopper and insects in the orders
Orthoptera, Blattaria, and Mantodea.

A

Tegmina

54
Q

hardened, heavily sclerotize like
the thick forewing of earwigs and
beetles that protects the hind wings
when at rest.

A

Eltyra

55
Q

thickened forewings with membranous overlapping tips as those of the true bugs.

A

Hemelytra

56
Q

knob-like specialized hind wing of a fly arising from the metathorax and supposedly aiding in balance and direction during flight.

A

Haltere

57
Q

are highly modified for different functions, depending on the environment and lifestyle
of an insect.

A

Insect legs

58
Q

Jumping legs as those of the grasshoppers.

A

Saltatorial

59
Q

Running legs as those of the cockroaches.

A

Cursorial

60
Q

Grasping legs as those of the praying mantis.

A

Raptorial

61
Q

swimming legs as those of the dysticid beetles.

A

Natatorial

62
Q

Digging legs as those of the mole crickets.

A

Fossorial

63
Q

the posterior region of insects, contains the reproductive organs and the majority of the organ systems.

A

The abdomen

64
Q

The dorsal and ventral abdominal segments

A

Terga and sterna

65
Q

the breathing openings found on the
surface of insects.

A

Spiracles

66
Q

are thread-like processes located at the end of the abdomen.

A

Abdominal filaments

67
Q

The skeleton or supporting structure of an insect body

A

Exoskeleton

68
Q

Functions of the Exoskeleton:

A
  1. Protection of the inner insect parts and organs
  2. As supporting structure
  3. Attachment of muscles
69
Q

contains chitin, protein and pigments

A

Cuticle

70
Q

cellular layer beneath the cuticle

A

Epidermis

71
Q

non-cellular layer lies beneath the epidermis

A

Basement membrane

72
Q

a nitrogenous polysaccharide with the formula (C8H13NO5) n. abundant in the softer parts of the procuticle and entirely absent in the epicuticle. Resistant substance insoluble to water, alcohol, dilute acid, and alkalis,

A

Chitin

73
Q

Organ system of insects

A

Digestive
Reproductive
Tracheal
Circulatory
Nervous
Excretory

74
Q

The excretory organs of insects and other terrestrial arthropods

A

Malphagian tubules

75
Q

circulatory fluid

A

Hemolymph

76
Q

Insects breathe through small tubes called _________ that pass throughout the body and are connected to the outside by special openings called ______________.

A

trachea, spiracles

77
Q

animals. Two–thirds of all named
species on earth are ________

A

Arthropods

78
Q

a thick bundle of nerves usually extending longitudinally through
the body from the brain.

A

Nerve cord

79
Q

A process where insects shed and replace their exoskeleton with larger one as they grow

A

Molting

80
Q

The life stage between each molt

A

Instar

81
Q

a steroid hormone is secreted by a gland in the thorax, which is in turn controlled by a hormone from the brain. Whenever the brain receives the appropriate stimulus, the insect will molt.

A

Ecdysone

82
Q

the way that insects develop, grow, and change form.

A

Metamorphosis

83
Q

actually means “change”.

A

Metamorphosis

84
Q

3 stages of Incomplete metamorphosis

A

Egg
Nymph
Adults

85
Q

4 stages of complete metamorphosis

A

Egg
larva
Pupa
adult

86
Q

the insect dormancy

A

Diapause

87
Q

little or no metamorphosis

A

Ametabolous:

88
Q

simple or gradual metamorphosis
-marked by three life stages: egg, naiad, and adult

A

Hemimetabolous:

89
Q

characterized by a gradual development, the young being similar to adults except in the size of developing wing pads, ocelli, and reproductive organs;

A

Paurometabolous

90
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

Holometabolous:

91
Q

Egg shapes

A

a. Spherical
b. Elongated
c. Oval
d. Barrel shaped

92
Q

production of eggs or young by an immature or larval stage of an animal

A

Paedogenesis

93
Q

development of egg without fertilization

A

Parthenogenesis

94
Q

hatching from egg

A

Eclosion

95
Q

egg developing into two or more embryo

A

Polyembryony

96
Q

Larvae of butterfly

A

Erucifrom

97
Q

Larvae of Fly

A

vermiform

98
Q

Larvae of Click beetle

A

elateriform

99
Q

Larvae of aquatic beetle

A

campodeiform

100
Q

Larvae of scarab beetle

A

Scarabeiform

101
Q

the act of an adult insect leaving the pupal stage

A

emergence

102
Q

a case formed by the hardening of the next to the larval skin.

A

puparium

103
Q

the cast skin of an arthropod

A

Exuvia

104
Q

What hormone inhibits metamorphosis of insects that does not reach the right size and stage of development?

A

Juvenile hormone

105
Q

This muscle of the grasshopper is located in their hind leg and when contracts, the leg jerks backward, sending the insect into the air.

A

Extensor muscle

106
Q

What species of insect lays egg that resembles plant seeds?

A

Walking Stick

107
Q

What does IPM stands for?

A

Integrated Pest Management

108
Q

This insect have only fewer than 20 known species, it is also endemic in southern and east Africa

A

Ice Crawlers

109
Q

A disease caused by the carried virus of green leafhoppers and brown plant
hoppers.

A

Tungro

110
Q

Insects serve as ______________, which leads to hybridization that promotes
plant diversity.

A

Pollinators

111
Q

A product coming from Laccifer lacca.

A

Shellac

112
Q

Mosquitoes - Anopheles spp. is known as malarial

A

Vectors

113
Q

Insect Species that may cause pest or insect outbreak

A

Introduced or exotic

114
Q

1It is the perceived condition of a forest derived from concerns about such factors as its age, structure, composition, function, vigor, and presence of unusual levels of insects or disease, and resilience to disturbances

A

Forest health

115
Q

The forest has reached its peak of development.

A

Environmental view

116
Q

A forest is in good health is a fully functional community of plants and animals and their physical environment. A healthy forest is an ecosystem balance

A

Ecosystem centered

117
Q

non-interference with management objectives.

A

Utilitarian view

118
Q

Factors Affecting Forest Health

A

Biotic and abiotic factors

Forest Health and Protection (2 decks)

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