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Protected Area Management > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

“clearly defined
geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve
the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.

A

Protected Area

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2
Q

geographically defined area which is
designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives

A

Protected Area

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3
Q

encompass a broad range of ecosystems, including wetland, tropical or deciduous forest, alpine, savanna, and marine.

A

Protected Area

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4
Q

6 protected area management categories

A

1.Strict nature reserve
2.Wilderness area
3.National Park
4.Natural monument/feature
5.Habitat/species management area
6.Protected landscape/seascape
7.Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources

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5
Q

An area possessing some outstanding ecosystem, features, and species of flora and
fauna of national scientific importance that should be maintained to protect and to preserve nature in its undisturbed state and to preserve nature in its undisturbed state and to preserve ecologically representative

A

Strict Nature Reserve

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6
Q

Land of the public domain which has been reserved as such by law to preserve its natural conditions, maintain its hydrologic quality and restrict public use in the interest of national welfare and security.

A

Wilderness Area

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7
Q

Land of the public domain classified as such in the Philippine Constitution that includes all
areas under the NIPAS, primarily designated for the conservation of native plants and animals, their associated habitats and cultural diversity.

A

National Park

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8
Q

A relatively small area focused on the protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.

A

Natural monument

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9
Q

Areas of national significance which are characterized by the harmonious
interaction of man, land, and water while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation, tourism, and other economic activities.

A

Protected Landscape/Seascap

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10
Q

A protected area in which the aim is to
protect and preserve biological diversity in the long term.

A

Protected Areas With Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources

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11
Q

refers to variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part;

A

Biological diversity or biodiversity

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12
Q

this includes diversity within species and of ecosystems

A

Biological diversity or biodiversity

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13
Q

refers to the research, collection, and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying the knowledge derived therefrom solely for commercial purposes;

A

Bioprospecting

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14
Q

refer to identified areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that need special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm, to the protected area.

A

Buffer zones

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15
Q

the actual ground survey of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones and
the management and management zones using the global positioning system (GPS) or other applicable survey instruments and technologies, with the intention of producing a map of the area;

A

Delineation

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16
Q

the establishment of the boundaries of protected areas and their buffer zones using visible markers, monuments, bouys in case of marine areas, and known natural features and landmarks, among others,

A

Demarcation

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17
Q

The result of the actual ground delineation

A

Demarcation

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18
Q

refer to the multitude of material and non-material provisions and benefits from healthy ecosystems necessary for human sustenance, well-being, and survival including support processes, provisioning, and environment regulating services, and cultural resource preservation services;

A

Ecosystem goods and services

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19
Q

refer to the species or subspecies of flora and fauna that are naturally occurring and found within specific areas in the country;

A

Endemic species

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20
Q

refers to the act of searching or prospecting for mineral resources as defined by law, by geological, geochemical or geophysical surveys, remote sensing, test pitting, trenching, drilling, shaft sinking, tunneling or
any other means for the purpose of determining the existence

A

Exploration

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21
Q

refer to any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material through the use of modern biotechnology;

A

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

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22
Q

refer to the killing or catching of wild fauna for food and recreational purposes, with the use of weapons

A

Hunting

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23
Q

refer to the slash-and-burn cultivation of vegetated land in the protected area, whether occupied or not, shifting and permanent with little or no provision to prevent soil erosion;

A

Kaingin

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24
Q

refers to the area where settlement, traditional and sustainable land use including agriculture, agroforestry, extraction activities, and income generating or livelihood activities may be allowed

A

Multiple use zone

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25
Q

refers to the continuous stay of individuals or groups within a protected area, whether residing or engaging in the cultivation of land or fishing for more than twenty -four (24) hours;

A

Occupying

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26
Q

refers to gathering, collecting or possessing products or natural resources from the protected area by any individual person, corporation or entity whether local or foreign;

A

Poaching

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27
Q

refer to persons who are residing, utilizing, and cultivating areas within the protected area. These include private owners, Ips, tenured migrants and informal settlers;

A

Protected area occupants

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28
Q

refers to plants or animals declared protected under the Philippine laws, rules and regulations.

A

Protected species

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29
Q

refers to the process of extracting, removing, and disposing of sand, gravel, guano, limestone, and all other resources used as building and construction materials that are found within the protected area;

A

Quarrying

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30
Q

refer to protected area occupants who have been actually, continuously and presently
occupying a portion of the protected area for five (5) years before the proclamation or law establishing the same as a protected area,

A

Tenured migrants

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31
Q

refer to the species or subspecies considered critically endangered, vulnerable, or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction;

A

Threatened species

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32
Q

refers to the wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all development stages, including those which are in captivity or are being bred, fed, or propagated;

A

Wildlife

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33
Q

What is the importance of a Protected area?

A
  1. Protected area sustains life
  2. Protected area contributes to poverty reduction
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34
Q

the critical tool to conserve biodiversity in the face of the global crisis of species extinction and the loss of the world’s natural capacity to support all life and human existence.

A

Protected area

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35
Q

Economic engines

A

Protected area

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36
Q

What are the benefits of protected areas?

A

Subsistence (food)
Economic (income)
Cultural and spiritual
Environmental services
Political
Safeguarding human health

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37
Q

What are the threats to protected areas?

A
  1. Rapid growth in visitation
  2. changes in the mix of recreational and visitor
  3. development of roads and visitor facilities,
  4. spread of invasive species,
  5. residential and commercial development,
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38
Q

What are the threats to protected areas? 2

A
  1. legal resource extraction
  2. illegal timber harvesting,
  3. wildlife poaching, air, water, and soil pollution,
  4. climate change and variability
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39
Q

A threat to PAs wherein there is an increase number of visitors that exert pressure on natural resources of protected areas and makes their preservation more difficult.

A

Rapid growth visitation

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40
Q

A threat to PAs that have caused the extinction of native species in many areas including protected areas, species that were not able to adjust/cope with the variations have greatly reduced in number or totally disappeared.

A

Climate change and variability

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41
Q

defined as getting people together to accomplish desired goals, utilizing human & material resources towards a desired outcome.

A

Management

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42
Q

the application of business methods and technical forestry principles in the operation of a forest property and the resources therein.

A

Forest management

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43
Q

– developing and evaluating decisions for all combinations of unknown future events (e.g., future climate scenarios) and management actions.

A

Scenario planning

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44
Q

acknowledges that protected area managers cannot accurately predict the outcomes of management actions because of environmental, scientific,
organizational, community, and political uncertainties.

A

Adaptive management

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45
Q

relatively simple to use and usually less expensive to implement. However, it does not produce statistically reliable information about the impacts of management actions on protected areas because it does not utilize experimental methods.

A

Passive Adaptive management

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46
Q

involves major investments in research, monitoring, and modeling; has prerequisites that are not always satisfied; and is more complicated to implement than passive AM

A

Active Adaptive Management

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47
Q

a document which sets out the management approach and goals, together with a framework for decision making, to apply in the protected area over a given period of time.

A

Management plan

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48
Q

should be succinct documents that identify the key features or values of the protected area, clearly establish the management objectives to be met and indicate the actions to be implemented.

A

Management plan

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49
Q

a subset of the more general discipline of planning.

A

Management planning

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50
Q

Guidelines on management planning

A

It is a process
It is concerned with the future
It provides mechanism
It is systematic
It involves value judgments
It takes a holistic view
It is a continuous process

51
Q

The time needed to prepare a Management Plan, for even a small site, is rarely less than _________

A

12 months

52
Q

the style of management brought about by management planning

A

Management by the objectives

53
Q

an approach that encourages active
management by the organisation and is adopted by most well regarded protected area agencies.

A

Management by the objectives

54
Q

4 steps of management by the objectives

A
  1. Formulation of objectives
  2. Development of action plan
  3. Systematic monitoring
  4. Taking corrective actions
55
Q

Before embarking on a Management Plan, there needs to be a clear idea of the ____________ and _____ ________

A

cost and resources available

56
Q

It should be proactive rather than reactive and should be results-oriented

A

Management by the objectives

57
Q

“biodiversity” was coined around ___, but the conceptual, and
political, foundations for the new term were developed over at least
the previous decade

A

1985

58
Q

The levels of organization of biodiversity

A

Ecosystem
Species
Genes
Composition
Structure
Functions

59
Q

a complete, self-generating, unique ensemble of genetic variation, capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

A

Species

60
Q

They are generally considered to be the only seld-replicating units of genetic diversity that can function independently

A

Species

61
Q

are the working units of heredity; each gene is a segment of the DNA molecule that encodes a single enzyme or structural protein unit.

A

Genes

62
Q

The foundation of all biodiversity

A

Genetic diversity

63
Q

It permits the population to adapt to changing environments and continue to participate in life’s processes.

A

Genetic variation

64
Q

is the identity and variety of an ecological system. Descriptors of composition are typically lists of the species resident in an area or an ecosystem and measures of composition include species richness and diversity of species.

A

Composition

65
Q

the physical organization or pattern of a system, from habitat complexity as measured within communities to the pattern of habitats (or patches) and other elements at a landscape scale.

A

Structure

66
Q

the physical organization or pattern of a system, from habitat complexity as measured within communities to the pattern of habitats (or patches) and other elements at a landscape scale.

A

Function

67
Q

What is the function of genetics?

A

adaptation

68
Q

are general understandings (or facts) about ecosystems and ecosystem management.

A

Ecological concepts

69
Q

are basic assumptions (or beliefs) about ecosystems and how they function that are informed by the ecological concepts.

A

Ecological principles

70
Q

Biodiversity and ecosystem functions

A

Provisioning goods and services
Cultural services
Regulating services
Supporting services

71
Q

ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS

A

Levels of biological organization
* Native species
* Keystone
* Population viability/ thresholds
* Ecological resilience
* Disturbances
* Connectivity/fragmentation

72
Q

ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

A
  • Coarse and fine filter approach
  • Risk is an inherent aspect of decision-making
  • Adaptive management
  • Ecosystem-based management
  • Protected area
73
Q

a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

A

Keystone species

74
Q

When two or more species in an ecosystem interact for each other’s benefit, they are called ________

A

Mutualist

75
Q

A _________ _______ is particularly important because it provides habitat for a large portion or critical elements of an area’s biodiversity.

A

keystone ecosystem

76
Q

A ________ _______is fundamental to the maintenance of an ecosystem. like pollination

A

keystone process

77
Q

this context refers to the probability of survival of a population/species in
the face of ecological processes such as disturbance.

A

Population Viability

78
Q

When the amount of habitat available declines below the “_____ _______”, a population/species will decline and eventually disappear;

A

extinction threshold

79
Q

refers to the smallest isolated population having a reasonable chance of surviving over time despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental and genetic events and natural disturbances.

A

Concept of minimum viable population

80
Q

the capacity of an ecosystem to cope with disturbance or stress and return to a stable state.

A

Ecological resilience

81
Q

the number of functionally different groups of species and consists of two aspects:

A

Functional diversity

82
Q

the diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecological function and provides adaptive capacity given complex systems,

A

Response diversity

83
Q

are the elements of a pre-disturbance ecosystem that survive to participate in its recovery.

A

Biological legacies

84
Q

used to describe naturally occurring variation over time of the composition and structure found in a system, resulting in part from sequences of disturbances.

A

The natural range of variability

85
Q

is the degree to which ecosystem structure facilitates or impedes the movement of organisms between resource patches.

A

Connectivity/ fragmentation

86
Q

The foundation of sustainable resource management

A

Ecology

87
Q

Ecosystem attributes

A

Structural attribute
Interdependence and interaction of components
Function
Complexity
Temporal change

88
Q

The structure of ecosystems undergoes changes over time.

A

Temporal change

89
Q

The various components of the ecosystem are interrelated.
They interact with one another in various manner to form a system of interdependence.

A

Interdependence and interaction of components

90
Q

A central theme of ecology

A

Ecosystem

91
Q

is a metaphor to express the idea that by conserving the ecological
communities of a given region, the majority of species will be conserved.

A

Coarse filter

92
Q

a metaphor to express the idea that some species, ecosystems and features need to be conserved through individual, often localized efforts (this is called the fine filter approach) because they fall through the mesh of the coarse filter.

A

Fine filter

93
Q

as “an adaptive approach to managing human activities that
seeks to ensure the coexistence of healthy, fully functioning ecosystems and human communities.

A

Ecosystem-based management

94
Q

To conserve regionally, nationally or globally outstanding ecosystems, species (occurrences or
aggregations) and/ or geodiversity features:

A

Strict nature reserve

95
Q

refers to an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the
environment

A

Wildlife sanctuary

96
Q

refers to an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area which is difficult to access and is designated to protect natural resources of the area for future use and to prevent or
contain development activities

A

Resource reserve

97
Q

refer to areas set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in harmony with the environment to adopt to modern technology at their pace.

A

Natural biotic areas

98
Q

the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone
or something,

A

Assessment

99
Q

the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken for the purpose of improving student learning and development.

A

Assessment

100
Q

a process of monitoring the value of all forest benefits for all beneficiaries, including past trends and projections into the future concerning these benefits.

A

Global Forest Assessment

101
Q
  • refer to alienable and disposable lands’ of the public domain which have been the subject of the land classification system and declared as not needed for forest purposes.
A

Agricultural lands

102
Q

cartographic representation of the land surface showing among others, lines depicting the borders between different classifications of such land,

A

Boundary maps

103
Q
  • refers to the establishment of land classification boundaries, and the monumenting thereof, through ground survey.
A

Delianeation survey

104
Q
  • includes the public forest, the permanent forest or forest reserves, and forest reservations
A

Forest lands

105
Q

a map indicating the land classification (LC) lines surveyed during the previous land

A

Indicative map

106
Q
  • a map showing the classification of lands of the public domain based on the land classification
A

Land classification map

107
Q
  • the process of transforming spatial information indicated on maps to digital format in order to organize these information into GIS compatible data sets.
A

Map conversions

108
Q

map showing the current and cumulative extent of areas assessed and surveyed pursuant to this Order.

A

Progress map

109
Q

a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface run-off

A

Watershed

110
Q

GUIDELINES FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND DELINEATION OF BOUNDARIES
BETWEEN FORESTLANDS, NATIONAL PARKS AND AGRICULTURAL LANDS

A

DAO NO. 2008-24

111
Q

NADC

A

National Assessment and DElineation Committee

112
Q

They shall set the policy directions in the implementation of the assessment and boundary delineation activities.

A

NADC

113
Q

Gather the necessary data, inventory, compile and integrate available reference maps, textual and tabular information needed for the assessment and delineation of boundaries of forestlands, national parks and agricultural lands;

A

RADT

114
Q

to gather, compile and integrate
available reference maps and other relevant information integrated, within 120 calendar days

A

RADC

115
Q

shall also try its best effort to locate missing Land Classification (LC) maps or reconstruct the same using available data. Information about LC maps that are either lost or cannot be reconstructed shall be published in two newspapers of general circulation for two consecutive weeks.

A

NADC-TWG

116
Q

This shall include: (1) digitizing rivers and roads following
standard guidelines as set under DAO No. 2006-12 (Guidelines on the Development and Management of a
Standard Seamless National Digital Topographic Database); and (2) generation of the slope map (see Annex E).

A

Extraction of topographic figure

117
Q

They are responsible for the drafting of proposed bills declaring the final boundaries.

A

RADC

118
Q

Implementing rules and regulations of NIPAS 1992

A

DAO 2019-05

119
Q

Clarifying the procedural guidelines in the conduct of PA Suitability Assessment

A

TB 2016-04

120
Q

Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for coastal and marine ecosystem

A

TB 2019-04

121
Q

Guidelines on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for terrestrial ecosystems

A

TB 2016-05

122
Q

Guidelines on socio-economic assessment and monitoring system (seams) in protected areas

A

TB 2016-06

123
Q

Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system for coastal and marine ecosystems

A

TB 2019-04

124
Q

Inland Wetlands and Terrestrial Caves: Technical guide on biodiversity assessment and monitoring system (BAMS)

A

TB 2019-06

Protected Area Management (2 decks)

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