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Integumentary Midterms > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

caused by conduction or convection.

A

Thermal Burn

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2
Q

Caused by passage of electrical current through thee body.

A

Electrical Burn

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3
Q

Occurs when certain chemical compounds come in contact with the body.

A

Chemical Burn

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4
Q

Occurs most commonly with exposure to external beam radiation therapy.

A

Radiation Burn

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5
Q

Causes cell damage only to the epidermis

Best example is sunburn

The skin appears red or erythematous

The surface is dry

Blisters will be absent but slight edema may be apparent.

The epidermal layers will peel off in 3-4 days.

Epidermal healing is spontaneous

A

Epidermal Burn

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6
Q

Damage occurs through the epidermis and into papillary layer of the dermis.

(+) presence of intact blisters

The surface is moist (if blisters are removed)

The wound will be bright red and will blanch

Edema can be moderate

Extremely painful

Complete healing occurs 7-10 days

Minimal scarring

A

Superficial Partial Thickness Burn

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7
Q

Involves destruction of the epidermis and papillary dermis with damage down into the
reticular dermal layer.

Most of the nerve endings, hair follicles, and sweat ducts will be injured

Appears mixed red or waxy white in color

Capillary refill will be sluggish

The surface is usually wet from broken blisters

Diminished sensation to light touch or sharp/dull discrimination

Will heal in 3-5 weeks if it does not become infected.

(+) hypertrophic and keloid scars

A

Deep Partial Thickness Burn

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8
Q

All of the epidermal and dermal layers are destroyed completely

Subcutaneous layer may be damaged to some extent.

Characterized by hard, parchment-like eschar covering the area.

The color of eschar may vary from black to deep red to white.

No blanching of the tissue is observed.

Wound will be insensate.

Skin grafting will be necessary.

A

Full Thickness Burn

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9
Q

Involves complete destruction of all tissue from the epidermis down to and through the
subcutaneous tissue.

Muscles and bones are subjected to necrosis when burned.

Occurs with prolonged contact with a heat source and routinely occurs as a result of contact
with electricity.

A

Subdermal Burn

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10
Q

wound where the initial contact was made; appear
charred and depressed; smaller than exit wound; skin appears yellow and
ischemic.

A

Entrance Wound

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11
Q

the ground site; often appears as though there was an
explosion out of the tissue in the site; dry in appearance.

A

Exit Wound

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12
Q

This zone has cells that are irreversibly damaged and skin death occurs.

This area is equivalent to a full-thickness burn and will require a skin graft to heal.

A

Zone of Coagulation

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13
Q

Contains injured cells that may die within 24 to 48 hours without diligent treatment.

It is in the zone of stasis that infection, drying, and/or inadequate perfusion of the wound
will result in conversion of potentially salvageable tissue to completely necrotic tissue and
enlargement of zone of coagulation.

A

Zone of Stasis

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14
Q

This Zone is a site of minimal cell damage, and the tissue should recover within several days with
no lasting effects.

A

Zone of Hyperemia

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15
Q

Most commonly used topical antibacterial agent; effective against Pseudomonas infections

A

SIlver sulfadiazine

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16
Q

Topical antibacterial agent; effective against gram-negative or gram-positive organisms; diffuses easily through eschar

A

Mafenide Acetate (Sulfamylon)

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17
Q

Topical solution with antimicrobial function against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Maintains moist enivronment. Antiseptic germicide and astringent; will penetrate only 1-2mm of eschar; useful for surface bacteria; stains black.

A

Mafeinide acetate solution Silver nitrate (Sulfamylon 5% Solution)

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18
Q

Bland ointment; effective against gram-positive organisms.

A

Bacitracin/Polysporin

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19
Q

Enzymatic debriding agent selectively debrides necrotic tissue; no antibacterial action.

A

Collagenase,Accuzyme

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20
Q

is surgical removal of eschar; includes removal of peripheral layers
of eschar until vascular, viable tissue is exposed as the site for skin
graft placement.

it promotes more rapid healing, reduces infection and scarring, and
is more economical in terms of staff and hospital time.

A

Primary Excision

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21
Q

patient’s own skin, taken
from an unburned area and
transplanted to cover a
burned area.

Provides permanent
coverage to the area

A

Autograft

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22
Q

skin taken from
an individual of the same
species, usually cadaver
skin.

temporary grafts used to
cover
large burns when there is
insufficient autograft
available

A

Allograft

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23
Q

skin from another species,
usually a pig.

A

Xenograft

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24
Q

Motion to be stressed to fix Flexion in Anterior neck

A

Hyperextension

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25
Q

Motions to be stressed to fix Adduction and internal rotation in the Shoulder-axilla

A

Abduction,flexion, and external rotation

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26
Q

Motions to be stressed to fix Flexion and Pronation in the elbow

A

Extension and supination

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27
Q

Motions to be stressed to fix claw hand

A

Wrist Extension

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28
Q

Motions to be stressed with FLexion and adduction of HIp and Groin

A

All motions

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29
Q

Motion to stress to fix knee flexion

A

extension

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30
Q

Motion to stress to fix ankle plantarflexion

A

All motion

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31
Q

Temperature drop causes Fatigue, weariness and failure of
proper thinking

A

Lower than 95 degrees F/ 35
degrees C

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32
Q

Temperature drop causes Awareness ambiguity and
arrythmia

A

Lower than 86 degrees F/ 30
degrees C

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33
Q

Body temperature lowers till the patient Eventually dies

A

Lower than 78.8 degrees F/ 26
degrees C

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34
Q
  • refers to damage taken place

above freezing point and high humidity.

  • It takes place when there is whole
    body hypothermia, which means
    central temperature being below

95 °F (35 °C) when measured in the
rectum.

A

Nonfreezing Damage

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35
Q

Damage caused by prolonged
neglect of physical body under
freezing point or low humidity.

A

Freezing Damage

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36
Q

a medical condition caused by
prolonged exposure of the feet
to damp, unsanitary, and cold
conditions.

A

Trench Foot

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37
Q

refers to foot skin damage taken
place when one’s feet stays in
71.6 °F (22 °C) water or mud for
2–10 days.

A

Immersion Foot

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38
Q

a medical condition that occurs
when a predisposed individual is
exposed to cold and humidity,
causing tissue damage.

A

Chilblain

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39
Q

A freezing injury which do not
form ice crystal or tissue loss.

Skin is pale

Hypesthesia

Symptoms go away

No tissue is lost

There could be burning
feeling, sting or edema.

A

Superficial Frostbite

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40
Q

Severe pain with blisters

Necrosis on the whole skin
layer

Later on, becomes dark and
mummified –> amputation

A

Deep Frostbite

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41
Q

Damage on the outer skin

No symptoms of blisters

May feel pain from
burning paresthesia or
poking feeling.

A

First-Degree
Frostbite

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42
Q

Damage to all layers of
the skin

(+) blisters form
Decreased sensitivity and
sharp pain.

A

Second-Degree
Frostbite

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43
Q

Whole subcutaneous
layers

(+) purple or congested
blisters are formed

Black dried crust is
formed after affected skin
dies

Numb skin and sharp pain

A

Third-Degree Frostbite

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44
Q

Whole hypodermic layers,
muscle, and bones are
frostbitten

show few or no edema

severe insensibility

mummification necrosis

Need to amputate

Patients feel sore joints

A

Fourth-Degree
Frostbite

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45
Q

the phenomenon of skin reacting
abnormally and showing side effects to the sun in normal
circumstances.

A

Photosensitivity

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46
Q

is a disease that occurs when your body’s immune system attacks your own tissues and organs
(autoimmune disease). Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many different body systems —
including your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.

A

Lupus Erythematosus

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47
Q

Type of LE: most commonly causes inflamed, thick raised plaques with scale on your face, head and
neck.

A

Discoid LE

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48
Q

Type of LE: often creates red, ring-shaped or raised lesions on your neck, back or chest.

A

Subacute cutaneous LE

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49
Q

Type of LE: is a systemic autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement and is
associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

A

Systemic LE

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50
Q

is a rash caused by sun exposure in people who have developed sensitivity to sunlight. The rash usually
appears as tiny, inflamed bumps or slightly raised patches of skin.

Clinical symptoms or various forms of rashes start to appear from 30 minutes to 72 hours after exposure
but most commonly from 18 to 48 hours.

Lesions normally last from 24 to 48 hours but can last more than 1 week.

Lesions typically appear at skin parts that are easily exposed to sun such as the cheek, chest, arm and
dorsum of hand.

Usually found in women and people of young age.

A

Polymorphous Light Eruption

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51
Q

Classification of Lupus Erythematosus

A

Photo Aggravative

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52
Q

Classification of Polymorphous Light Eruption

A

Idiopathic

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53
Q

is a rare allergic reaction to sun exposure.

During or after skin exposure, pruritus or urticaria with erythema appears at the exposed body part but extreme
exposure may cause shock.

A

Solar Urticaria

54
Q

Classification of Solar Urticaria

A

Idiopathic

55
Q

is a skin disorder in which the skin, particularly on sunlight exposed areas, becomes inflamed and develops eczema
(dermatitis).

Patients are abnormally sensitive to sunlight and may also react to artificial light sources. The majority also have
allergies to chemical substances in direct contact with their skin.

Easily provoked at outdoor working men of middle age or above and can exacerbated in summer or can last a year.

Common allergies are to:

Plants

Flowers

Wood

Perfumes

Certain creams, ointments and preservatives

Rubber

Sunscreens

A

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

56
Q

Classification of Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

A

Idiopathic

57
Q

Is a rare cutaneous disorder inherited by recessive chromosome.

It is known to be caused by nonexistent of DNA endonuclease, which is an enzyme necessary for regeneration of
DNA damage by ultraviolet ray.

Symptoms include erythema, scaling and hyperchromatic spots appearing from the face and can further develop to
the neck, legs and corpus.

If early, symptoms can appear from 6 months after birth and normally from 1 to 2 years.

Those who suffered in their young age may get skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous
carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Patient may also suffer from visionary disorders such as corneal clouding and amblyopia.

A

Xeroderma Pigmentosum

58
Q

Classification of Xeroderma Pigmentosum

A

Genetic

59
Q

Type of Contact Dermatitis:
occurs when a substance to
which you’re sensitive
(allergen) triggers an
immune reaction in your
skin. It often affects only the
area that came into contact
with the allergen.

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

60
Q

Type of Contact Dermatitis:
is the most common type.
This nonallergic skin
reaction occurs when an
irritant damages your skin’s
outer protective layer.

A

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

61
Q

Type of Contact Dermatitis:
the result of an interaction
between a harmful substance
present in the skin and
ultraviolet radiation.

A

Photocontact Dermatitis

62
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY BY
EXOGENOUS DRUGS:
With abundant amount of drug and
proper dosage of sunlight, can be
evoked to anyone

A

PHOTOTOXIC REACTION

63
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PHOTOSENSITIVITY BY
EXOGENOUS DRUGS:
Can only be evoked to a person
who is sensitive to photoallergic
materials.

A

PHOTOALLERGIC REACTION

64
Q

is a rare type of cutaneous porphyria. It’s the most common
childhood porphyria. Sun or artificial light exposure quickly results in painful skin burning, irritation and swelling.
Small bumps and blisters also appear. Repeated exposures can cause thick, leathery skin and scarring.

A

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

65
Q

Classification of Cutaneous Porphyria

A

Metabolic

66
Q

is a rough, scaly patch on the skin that develops from years of sun exposure. It’s often found on the face, lips, ears,
forearms, scalp, neck or back of the hands.

A

Actinic Keratosis

67
Q

Classification of Actinic Keratosis

A

Neoplastic

68
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT : reduce redness and swelling (inflammation)

A

Steroids

69
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT : reduce inflammation, minimizing its direct effect on pain-nerve stimulation and sensitivity, as well as
decreasing the resulting inflammatory heat and swelling.

A

NSAIDS

70
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT : work by killing the parasite present in the affected red blood cells.

A

Antimalarial drug

71
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT: stop your immune system from damaging healthy cells and tissues.

A

Immunosuppresants

72
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT: medicines often used to relieve symptoms of allergies

A

Antihistamine drug

73
Q

MEDICAL TREATMENT: method of removing blood plasma from the body by withdrawing blood, separating it into plasma
and cells, and transfusing the cells back into the bloodstream. It is performed especially to remove antibodies in
treating autoimmune conditions.

A

Plasmapheresis

74
Q

composed of thick
keratinized layers of dead squamous
epithelial cells and accounts for up to 75 %
of the epidermal thickness

A

Stratum Corneum

75
Q

thin, translucent layer
that presents only in thick skin such as the
lips, the palm of the hand, and the sole of
the feet.

A

Stratum Lucidum

76
Q

is composed of three
to four layers of flattened cells and
contains irregular granules of keratohyalin.

A

Stratum Granulosum

77
Q

(+) prickle cell
layer called SPINE

A

Stratum Spinosum

78
Q

composed of a single
layer of columnar epithelial cells placed
on the surface of the dermis, and its
basal surface has a role to fix the
epidermis to the dermis.

A

Stratum Basale

79
Q

Superficial layer of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

80
Q

Deep layer of the dermis

A

Reticular Layer

81
Q

thin and flexible filament produced by
hair follicle.

A

Hair

82
Q

firm plates formed in the stratum
corneum of the epidermis and consist
of highly compressed and keratinized
dead cells

A

Fingernails and Toenails

83
Q

Secrete oil and sebum

A

Sebacous glands

84
Q

Secretes sweat to the
surface of the skin

A

Sweat gland

85
Q

Sweat gland:
- Located on entire
surface
- Drains unto sweat pores
- Regulates body temp
- Aids in removal of waste

A

Eccrine

86
Q

Sweat gland:
- Located in axillary area
and genitals
- Drains unto hair
- Stimulated during
emotional stress

A

Apocrine

87
Q

in female breasts are modified sweat glands
lying in the subcutaneous tissue

A

Mammary glands

88
Q

 modified sweat glands that are found only in
the external auditory canal
 secrete cerumen, whose role is to lubricate
the ear canal and to protect the eardrum
from bacteria, insects, and water.

A

Ceruminous glands

89
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
for pain and itch

A

Free Nerve Endings

90
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
for light touch; typical
speed sensors and sense low- frequency
vibrations.

A

Meissner Corpuscle

91
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
for light touch; typical
speed sensors and sense low- frequency
vibrations.

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

92
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
for heat sensation; respond
to continuous pressure and stretching of the
skin and detect the intensity and speed of the
stimulus.

A

Ruffini Corpuscle

93
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
for cold sensation

A

Krause End Bulb

94
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
light touch and
continuous pressure

A

Merkel disk

95
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
pocket-shaped neural
structures that detect the length of
skeletal muscles and the speed of
muscle contraction.

A

Muscle spindle

96
Q

Sensory nerve endings:
tension detectors by
providing information about tension
applied to tendons.

A

Golgi Tendon

97
Q

Cutaneous nerve of the scalp

A

terminal branches of trigeminal nerves

98
Q

Cutaneous nerve of the face

A

trigeminal nerves

99
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the back

A

posterior rami of the spinal nerves

100
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the chest

A

supraclavicular nerves

101
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb

A

C4 to T2 nerve

102
Q

Cutaneous nerves of the lower limb

A

L1 to L5 and s1 to s3 of the spinal cord

103
Q
  • argues that aging process is genetically
    decided, that is, an individual’s aging and
    lifespan are results of a process that is set
    and controlled by a genetic program.
A

Progammatic Theory

104
Q
  • claims that the continuous environmental
    stimuli destroy genes and proteins, and as
    cell damages accumulate, the cells
    become dysfunctional or deformed, which
    eventually leads to aging
A

Stochastic Theory

105
Q

display circular or oval shapes
without elevation or depression; Their
borders can be well defined or fade out
into the surrounding.

A

macule

106
Q

small, solid elevation of the skin
with diameters less than 5 mm.

A

papule

107
Q

their diameters are normally
larger than 5 mm, and they can invade
any layer of the skin.

A

nodule

108
Q

fluid filled sac or lesion that has
diameters more than 1 cm

A

bulla

109
Q

small blisters less than 1 cm
in diameter.

A

vesicle

110
Q

pus-filled blisters.

A

pustule

111
Q

refer to epidermal nodules
containing fluid or semisolid
materials.

A

cyst

112
Q

are temporarily developed
papules or plaques caused by
urticaria or allergic reaction.

A

wheal

113
Q

elevated skin with 2 cm in
diameter

A

plaque

114
Q

are aggregates of keratin debris in the
stratum corneum

A

scales

115
Q

caused by mechanical traumas or
repetitive scratching to ease pruritus.

A

excoriation

116
Q

occur by bursting of vesicles in
varicella, variola, impetigo, or herpes simplex.

A

erosion

117
Q

imply skin loss extending through the
epidermis and part of the dermis, which leads to
a breach in epithelial continuity

A

ulcer

118
Q

linear cleavages of the skin which
sometimes extend into the dermis

A

fissure

119
Q

dried layers of serum, blood,
or purulent exudate and are
composed of bacteria and epidermal
debris

A

crust

120
Q

as a part of the healing
processes, replace the damaged skin
tissues.

A

scar

121
Q

symptom with a decrease in
cell size due to the loss of organelles
and substances.

A

atrophy

122
Q

a condition in which a
part of the dermis thickens.

A

lichenification

123
Q

an unpleasant sensation that causes an urge
to scratch or rub.

A

pruritus

124
Q

absence of sensitivity
to sensory stimuli

A

anaesthesia

125
Q

decreased sensitivity
to sensory stimuli

A

hypoesthesia

126
Q

increased sensitivity
to sensory stimuli

A

hyperesthesia

127
Q
  • Uses UV light
  • helpful in the diagnosis of various skin conditions
    because infected skin shows a unique fluorescence
    reaction under the light of a Wood’s lamp
A

Wood’s lamp examination

128
Q
  • method used for examining brown papule and nodule and
    differentiating the causes of erythema and purpura.
  • performed by pressuring a transparent, flat, firm object against the
    surface of the lesion.
A

diascopy

129
Q
  • used to diagnose the cause of skin reactions
    that occur after the substance touches the ski.
A

patch test

130
Q

examines photosensitivity reactions of patients’
skin by measuring the decrease of minimal erythema dose
(MED) after the illumination with ultraviolet light or visible
light.

A

photo test

131
Q

-used to diagnose tuberculosis and is performed by injecting
a small dose of tuberculin

A

tuberculin test

132
Q

performed by inspecting
the specimen obtained
by scratching superficial
lesions.

A

scratch test

Integumentary Midterms (1 decks)

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