MIDTERMS

Question 1

study of man

Answer 1

anthropology

Question 2

study of society and human relations

Answer 2

sociology

Question 3

study of state and government

Answer 3

political science

Question 4

perspective: culture of every person

Answer 4

cross-cultural or comparative emphasis

Question 5

perspective: difference of individuals

Answer 5

evolutionary or historical emphasis

Question 6

perspective: aspects of the environment

Answer 6

ecological emphasis

Question 7

perspective: what consists of an individual

Answer 7

holistic emphasis

Question 8

perspective: all aspects of society serves a purpose and are irreplaceable

Answer 8

functionalist perspective

Question 9

perspective: society as a competition for limited resources

Answer 9

conflict perspective

Question 10

perspective: people give meaning to everything

Answer 10

symbolic interaction perspective

Question 11

examine the political arena and the realm of politics

Answer 11

political science perspective

Question 12

group of people with common territory, interaction, and culture

Answer 12

society

Question 13

definition: complex groups in a reciprocal relationship

Answer 13

society - functional

Question 14

definition: total social heritage that makes the structure of society

Answer 14

society - structural

Question 15

complex whole of beliefs, habits, values, etc. of man that are transmitted through generations

Answer 15

culture

Question 16

element of culture: anything used to stand for something else

Answer 16

symbols

Question 17

element of culture: storehouse of culture

Answer 17

language

Question 18

element of culture: application of knowledge and equipment

Answer 18

technology

Question 19

element of culture: culturally defined standards for what is good or desirable

Answer 19

values

Question 20

element of culture: conceptions or ideas or people have about what is true about their environment

Answer 20

beliefs

Question 21

element of culture: specific rules or standards for appropriate behavior

Answer 21

norms

Question 22

element of culture: physical objects, resources,a nd spaces used to define culture

Answer 22

material culture

Question 23

acquiring culture: children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate

Answer 23

imitation

Question 24

acquiring culture: formal or informal teaching

Answer 24

indoctrination or suggestion

Question 25

acquiring culture: acquired through conditioning

Answer 25

conditioning

Question 26

adapting culture: same culture may take place in two or more different places

Answer 26

parallelism

Question 27

adapting culture: patterns that pass back and forth from a culture

Answer 27

diffusion

Question 28

adapting culture: two or more cultures are merged into one

Answer 28

convergence

Question 29

adapting culture: people break away from their orig culture

Answer 29

fission

Question 30

adapting culture: incorporate patterns of other cultures into their own

Answer 30

acculturation

Question 31

adapting culture: culture of larger society is adopted by a smaller one

Answer 31

assimilation

Question 32

adapting culture: larger and smaller society are able to respect each other

Answer 32

accommodation

Question 33

cause of cultural change: finding a new place, object, that previously existed

Answer 33

discovery

Question 34

cause of cultural change: creative mental process of creating and producing original

Answer 34

invention

Question 35

cause of cultural change: spread of cultural traits or social practices from one society to another

Answer 35

diffusion

Question 36

cause of cultural change: political policy of establishing a colony to the rule or governance of the colonizing state

Answer 36

colonization

Question 37

cause of cultural change: movements aim to change the whole social order

Answer 37

rebelion and revolution

Question 38

rich diversity in social patterns that different human groups exhibit around the world

Answer 38

cultural variation

Question 39

patterns that are globally common to all societies

Answer 39

cultural universals

Question 40

one's culture is superior among others

Answer 40

ethnocentrism

Question 41

feeling disoriented, uncertain, out of place

Answer 41

culture shock

Question 42

variety culture: shared with distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values

Answer 42

subculture

Question 43

variety culture: culture opposed to the mainstream

Answer 43

counter culture

Question 44

variety culture: upper class of the society

Answer 44

high culture

Question 45

assess other cultures through their own

Answer 45

cultural relativism

Question 46

by-product attemp of humans to survive their environment and to compensate for their biological characteristics and limitations

Answer 46

culture

Question 47

natural process of biological changes occuring in a population across successive generations

Answer 47

evolution

Question 48

capacity: primary biological component of humans that allowed for culture is the developed brain

Answer 48

thinking capacity

Question 49

capacity: hands of humans have digits or fingers that are straight as compared with the curved ones of the other primates

Answer 49

gripping capacity

Question 50

capacity: vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values

Answer 50

speaking capacity

Question 51

form of interaction by which people acquire personality and learn the way of life of their society

Answer 51

socialization

Question 52

comprise of two or more persons who are in social interaction, who are guided by similar norms, values, and expectations, and who maintain a stable pattern of relationship over a period of time

Answer 52

social group

Question 53

requirements for a social group

Answer 53

two or more people interaction together physically

Question 54

collection of people: simple collection of people who are in the same place at the same time without interacting with each other

Answer 54

aggregate

Question 55

collection of people: simple collection of people who share distinctive characteristics

Answer 55

category

Question 56

collection of people: collection of people in a given place and time

Answer 56

collectivity

Question 57

group boundaries: which individuals indentifies themselves

Answer 57

in-group

Question 58

group boundaries: viewed as outsiders by the in-group

Answer 58

out-group

Question 59

group boundaries: significant to us as models

Answer 59

reference group