Midterms Flashcards
It is a condition which may range from a mild sensation of discomfort to excruciating agony.
Pain / None of the above
It is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body.
Edema
It is caused by the excessive amount of bilirubin in the blood.
Jaundice
Decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
Anemia
Shortness of breath, usually associated with cardio and pulmonary conditions.
Dyspnea
Usually associated with kidney failure or dysfunction.
Oliguria
Usually associated with diabetes.
Polyuria
Usually associated with hypertension.
None of the above / Headache
Identify all cardiovascular manifestations.
Palpitations
Bleeding
High Blood Pressure
Anything above this reading is considered a fever.
37 degrees C
Four parts of the periodontium that are affected when a host is infected with periodontitis.
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal Ligament
Gingiva
The most common form of periodontal disease.
Gingivitis
The following are risk factors in the development of periodontal disease EXCEPT
None of the above
All are risk factors:
Smoking
Medication
Genetics
The following are risk factors in the development of periodontal disease EXCEPT
Trauma
Dental decay is a chemico-parasitic process which consists of decalcification and dissolution.
Acidogenic Theory
Organic elements of a tooth are the initial pathway of invasion by microorganisms.
Proteolytic Theory
It is the result of infiltration and decomposition of the enamel cuticle.
None of the above
Simultaneous microbial degradation of the organic components and the dissolution of the minerals of the tooth.
Proteolysis-Chelation Theory
What comprises the caries tetrad?
Host
Time
Bacteria
Diet
Type of caries classification based on severity and rate of progression.
Radiation caries
Rampant caries
Acute dental caries
Arrested caries
Chronic dental caries
It occurs mostly in children and young adults.
Acute dental caries
Characterized by a sudden, severe destruction of the teeth
Rampant caries
Xerostomia is said to be the main cause of this type of caries.
Radiation caries
Most common in adults.
Chronic dental caries
Dental caries based on the extent of carious lesion.
None of the above
Sclerosis of dentinal tubules and secondary dentin formation may occur
Arrested caries
It lies adjacent to the translucent zone.
Dark zone
It is the deepest zone representing the advancing front of the enamel lesion.
Translucent zone
It is the zone where it is not affected by the caries attack.
Surface zone
It is the area of greatest demineralization.
Body of the lesion
Anomaly due to the division of a single tooth germ.
Gemination
Mostly affecting permanent molars wherein the pulp chamber is enlarged.
Taurodontism
Extraordinary bending of the roots of the teeth.
Dilaceration
It is the union of the cementum of two teeth.
None of the above
Enamel folds into the dentin
Dens Invaginatus
Dental anomaly in shape and form.
Dens invaginatus
Dens evaginatus
Hypercementosis
All of the above
Will cause complicated extraction procedure.
Hypercementosis
Unusual growth of inner enamel epithelium.
Dens Invaginatus
Solid slightly elevated lesion and is seemingly flat on its surface.
Plaque
Lesion which is not elevated nor depressed usually 1cm or smaller.
Macule
Lesion which is not elevated nor depressed usually bigger than 1cm
Patch
Lesion characterized by a yellow fibrinous film with an erythematous halo.
Ulcer
Circumscribed elevated lesion, blister like fluid filled and less than 1cm in size.
Vesicle
Slightly depressed lesion and is superficial.
Erosion
Solid raised superficial lesion less than 1cm in size.
Papule
Consistent with Neuroma and Fibromas.
Nodule
Classic example of oral manifestations
Nodule
Papule
Bulla
Oral lesion associated with increase vascular pressure.
Petechiae
Ecchymoses
Purpura
Causative agent for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease.
Entero virus
Etiological agent for Chicken pox
Varicella-zoster virus
Etiological agent for Herpangina
Coxsackie virus
Caused by the bacteria Trepenoma pallidum.
Syphilis
It is one of the most prevalent bacterial infection or disease in humans.
Gonorrhea
Also known as Hansen’s disease.
Leprosy
Also known as Hansen’s disease.
Leprosy
These are 5 examples of white lesions classified under reactive lesions.
Nicotine Stomatitis
Hairy Leukoplakia
Hairy Tongue
Dentrifice-associated slough
Focal hyperkeratosis
Prime example of pre-neoplastic white lesion.
Actinic Cheilitis
Actinic Keratoses
Idiopathic Leukoplakia
Usually the lower lip is affected in this condition. Caused by high UV radiation.
Actinic Cheilitis
Clinical features include rough, dry, or scaly patch of skin.
Actinic Keratoses
Etiology of this disease is unknown.
Idiopathic Leukoplakia
Cause is unknown and is usually described as a mucosal red patch.
Erythroplakia
It represents an exuberant connective tissue proliferation to a known stimulus or injury. Most commonly seen in the gingiva.
Pyogenic granuloma
It is a relatively uncommon and unusual hyperplastic connective tissue response to injury of gingival tissue.
Peripheral Giant cell granuloma
Caused by streptococcal strains A,B, or C
Scarlet fever
Characterized by appearance of port-wine stains.
None of the above
Treatment is usually the elimination of the causative agent.
Smoking-associated melanosis
Caused by an increase in melanin content often with presence of giant melanosomes.
Cafe-au-lait macules
Rare and fast growing.
Pigmented Neuroectodermal tumor of Infancy
Cause is unknown but some factors point to overexposure to UV light and genetic factors
Melanotic nevus
Prime example of Pigmented Lesions.
Cafe-au-lait macules
Pigmented Neuroectodermal tumor of Infancy
Melanotic nevus
Smoking-associated melanosis
