MIDTERMS Flashcards
Mental Health Law is mandated in what republic act?
RA 11036
Who and when was this law signed?
President Duterte - June 21, 2018
Four facets of public health burden in mental health problems
Define or direct burden
Undefine or indirect burden
Hidden burden
Future burden
Burden affecting persons with mental disorders such as cost of treatment, quality of life, and disability.
Defined or direct burden
Burden relating to the impact of mental health problems to others such as family members or the community who care for the patient.
Undefined or indirect burden
Stigma and violations of human rights to persons affected with mental health problems.
Hidden burden
Burden resulting from the aging population or increasing social problems such as the development of complications or other medical illnesses or death.
Future or health problem
Application of statistical measures to vital events like births , deaths and common illnesses
Vital statistics
Commonly described in terms of its age and sex.
Population composition
Where is the vital statistics commonly collected?
civil registration
Refer to the list of information that would determine the health of a particular community
Health indicators
Common Health indicators used in public health
Birth
Death
Marriage
Migration
Common vital statistical indicators
fertility rates
mortality rates
morbidity rates
Events occurring to a specific group are related only to the affected segment of the population
Specific rates
Estimated population as of July 1 of a specified year
Midyear Population
This serves as a representative of the population for the whole year
Midyear Population
Complete expulsion or extraction from a mother of the fetus irrespective of whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached
Birth
Infant at some tome after birth breathes spontaneously and shows any other sign of life such as heartbeat, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definitive movement of voluntary muscles whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached
Live birth
Movement that advocates the transfer of mentally disabled people from public or private institutions
Deinstitutionalization
Science which deals with the study of the human population’s size, composition and distribution in space.
Demography
Indications of death for the physicians according to the world medical Assembly
- total lack of response to external stimuli
- no muscular movement
- especially breathing
- no reflexes
- flat encephalogram (brain waves)/ asystole
Necessary/indispensable tool in planning, implementation, and evaluation of any health problem
Vital Statistics
serves as an index of the health condition of the people in a community
Vital Statistics
Examines how many people got a certain disease in a specific population, at a specific geographical location during a specific time period
Morbidity
Refers to being dead due to some certain disease occurring in a year
Mortality
This measures how fast people are added to the population through births and a useful measure of population growth
Crude Birth Rate
This is used as an approximation of the risk of dying within the first year of life
Infant Mortality Rate
IMR can be further subdivided into
- neonatal mortality rate
- post neonatal mortality rate
considered as more valid than Crude Death rate when comparing of mortality experience in groups
Specific mortality rate
Reveals the rate of death in specific population of groups with specific characteristics such as age, sex, occupation, education and exposure to risk factors and combination of the above
Specific mortality rate
Death among individuals in the age group 50 and above
Swaroop’s index - low index = shorter life expectancy
An index of 15% in swaroop’s index means that
15% died at the age of 50 years and 85 % died before they reached the age of 50 years
The number of cases occurring in a defined population during a specific period of time
Incidence Rate
This measures the proportion of old and new existing cases of a disease
Prevalence Rate
Refers to the law on reporting of notifiable diseases
RA 3573
This law states hat reporting of any case of notifiable disease is required to the Disease intelligence center of the DOH.
RA 3573 - the law on reporting of notifiable diseases
Done through ocular survey or windshield survey
Primary data - observation
Primary data used in the community health assessment are:
- Observations
- Survey
- Informant interview
- Community Forum
- Focus group
made up of series of questions for systemic collection of information, can be written or oral
Primary data - Survey
Purposeful talks with key informants that has either formal (w/ barangay captain) or informal (residents) and a structured or unstructured approach.
Informant interview
open meeting with members of the community.
Community Forum
made up of smaller group with 6-12 members and is effective in addressing health needs of a specific group
Focus group
Death of any woman for whatsoever cause while pregnant or within 90 days of termination of the pregnancy.
Maternal Death
This serves as an index of the health condition
Vital Statistics
Refers to an indispensable tool in planning, implementation, and evaluation of any health problem
Vital Statistics
True/False: IMR is not a true measure of risk because not all infants died that year was born that year
TRUE
True/False: IMR is a good index in assessing the health status in the community
TRUE
Considered to be more valid than Crude Birth Rate when comparing mortality experience in groups
Specific Mortality rate
Measures the proportion of old and new cases of a disease in the population
Prevalence Rate
Number of cases occurring in a defined population during a specific period of time
Incidence Rate
refers to the law on reporting of notifiable diseases
RA 3573
This law repeals to the RA 3573 where the act providing policies and prescribing procedures on surveillance and response to notifiable disease, epidemics and health events
RA 11332
Requires all health workers to register births within 30 days following delivery
PD 651
The following are the primary data sources:
- observation
- Survey
- Informant review
- Community Forum
- Focus Group
Indicated in a problem oriented assessment where the sample population consists of the population susceptible to the problem being studied
Purposive sampling
Established the civil registry system in the Philippines and requires registration of vital events
RA 3753 Civil registration law Philippines Legislature
How many days is needed for the newborn to be registered after birth?
30 days
This law requires a death certificate before burial of the diseases
PD 856 - Sanitation code
How many hours is needed for the death certificate to be accomplished and sent to the health officer
within 48 hours
Registration of death shall be made how many days from the occurrence of death at the Local Civil
30 days
assigned the function of civil registration to local government and mandated the appointment of local civil registrars
RA 7160
The following are the secondary data sources of community health assessment:
- Registry of Vital Events
- Health records and reports
- Disease Registries
- Census Data
Refers to the official recording and reporting system of the DOH and used by NSCB to generate statistics
Field health services information system (FHSIS)
This refers to field health services
E.O 352
This is an essential tool in monitoring the health status of the population at different levels
FHSIS
Considered to be the building blocks of FHSIS
ITR - Individual Treatment Record
Considered as the 2nd building block of FHSIS
TCL - Target client list
six key concepts and definitions of the HBM
-Perceived susceptibility
-Perceived severity
-Perceived benefits
-Perceived Barriers
-Cue to action
-Self-efficacy
six key concepts and definitions of the HBM
-Perceived susceptibility
-Perceived severity
-Perceived benefits
-Perceived Barriers
-Cue to action
-Self-efficacy
six key concepts and definitions of the HBM
-Perceived susceptibility
-Perceived severity
-Perceived benefits
-Perceived Barriers
-Cue to action
-Self-efficacy
six key concepts and definitions of the HBM
-Perceived susceptibility
-Perceived severity
-Perceived benefits
-Perceived Barriers
-Cue to action
-Self-efficacy
Goal of this theory or model is inspiring positive change or changes
Health Belief Model
Includes concept of community oriented and population focused care
Milio’s framework for prevention
Milio’s framework for prevention is developed by
Nancy Milio
Health promotion model is developed by
Nola Pender
This theory has an end goal of promoting health behavior
Health Promotion Model - published 1982 and improved by 2002
The main goal of the health promotion model is
Health-promoting activities (diet, counseling)
True or False: Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well- being
True
The health promotion model focuses in three areas which are:
-Individual characteristics and experiences
-Behavior specific cognitions and affect
-Behavioral outcomes (Person, environment, nursing, Health, Illness)
defined as behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential. Consider to be an approach to wellness
Health Promotion
Described as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early or maintain functioning
Health protection or illness prevention
These variables are considered to be very significant in behavior motivation. They are a core for intervention because they may be modified through nursing actions
Behavior-specific cognitions and affect
Anticipated positive outcomes that will occur from health behavior. Intrinsic benefits includes increased energy and decreased appetite. Extrinsic benefits include social rewards such as compliments and monetary rewards
Perceived Benefits of actions
Judgement of personal capability to organize and execute a health promoting behavior
perceived self-efficacy
Personal perceptions and cognitions of any given situation or context that can facilitate or impede behavior, includes:
Situational influences
Are those alternative behaviors which individuals exert relatively high control
Competing preferences
Are those alternative behaviors over which individuals have low control
Competing demands
endpoint or action outcome that is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes such as optimal wellbeing personal fulfillment and productive living
Health promotion behavior
This is the goal or outcome of the HPM
Attainment of positive health outcomes
refer to people’s characteristics that motivate them toward health-related behavior
Predisposing Factors
Conditions in people and the environment that facilitate or impede health relate behavior
Enabling factors
Study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations, and the applications of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
Epidemiology
Stages in Natural History of Disease
-stage susceptibility
-stage of subclinical disease
-stage of clinical disease
-resolution stage
Impending outbreaks can be detected through:
- Surveillance systems
-Perceptive Clinicians
-Infection control nurses
-Laboratory workers (reports unusual dse)
Ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data that are essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of the public health practice
Surveillance system
2 types of surveillance system
-Sentinel surveillance
-Accelerated Disease Control
includes surveillance, observation, hypothesis testing, analytic research, experiments
study
Refers to the analysis by time, places, classes of people affected
Distribution
all biological chemical, physical, social, cultural, economic, genetic, and behavioral factors that influence health
Determinants
A situation wherein the proportion of the susceptible are high compared to the proportion of the immunes. usually characterized by a situation with high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in excess of the expected
Epidemic`
situation wherein there is a habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptible
Endemic
