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NCM 114 > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Gerontological nurses must be able to recognize:

A

signs and symptoms of illness, medication doses, and life stages

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2
Q

Ageists

A

prejudiced against older adults

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3
Q

Who makes up the growing number of older adults?

A

the increase in number is attributed to the group referred to as the baby boomers. who are people born between 1946 and 1965 after WWII.

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4
Q

what is geriatrics and gerontology

A

geriatrics - study disease of aging.
gerontology - research and study of aging process.

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5
Q

The critical activity to promote holistic care is:

A

listening

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6
Q

A nursing philosophy developed by Dr. Jean Watson focuses on:

A

personalized care.
- viewing all humans as valued persons.
- placing an emphasis on the human relationship
- focusing on the human to human relationship

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7
Q

How to promote privacy

A

knock on door before entering
- privacy with family members
- respect time to be alone
- pull cubicle curtains.

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8
Q

How to promote personal space

A

respect personal space
- respect personal space
- use touch only if it is acceptable to the other person

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9
Q

How to promote safety

A
  • no clutter or throw rugs
  • proper shoes
  • sometimes pets
  • no frayed cords or broken furniture
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10
Q

How to promote stimulation/personalization

A
  • encourage independence
  • cherished furniture and decorations
  • hang meaningful pictures.
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11
Q

Eric Erickson: psychological developmental tasks

A

Old age: Integrity vs. Despair. When older adults accomplished integrity they experience gerotranscedence.

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12
Q

Gerotranscedence

A

is being satisfied with the lives they have led and look forward to living a full life for the rest of their days. Commonly found in elderly who accomplish the Eric Erickson stage integrity vs Despair.

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13
Q

Gerontological nursing refers to the nursing care of:

A

People age 65 and older.

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14
Q

Older adults constitute what percent of the population?

A

12.3%

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15
Q

systematic stereotyping of a discrimination against people simply because they are old. They may appear subtly, covertly, and even unconsciously.

A

ageism

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16
Q
  • Genetic factors: born with genetic program that predetermines life span.
  • wear and tear: Body parts wear out as they age.
  • nutrients: Quality of life depends on the persons nutritional intake over his or her life span.
A

Physiological theories of aging:

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17
Q

Psychological theories of aging:

A
  • developmental tasks: Eric Erickson defined eight developmental tasks for infant to old age. the task for old age is integrity vs. despair.
  • subculture theory: old people have their own subculture with cultural norms and standards.
  • Continuity theory: people change as they age, but their basic personality and behavioral patterns do not change.
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18
Q

Essential facts about the normal aging process:

A
  • normal aging and disease are separate entities.
  • normal aging includes gains and losses and does not indicate decline.
  • successful adaptation to the aging process is accomplished by most older adults.
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19
Q

Age related changes to heart:

A
  • weak heart muscle
  • thicken valves
  • SA node less conduction.
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20
Q

Age related changes to blood vessels

A
  • arteries less elastic
  • increased hypertension
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21
Q

Age related changes to blood

A
  • less blood due to low bone marrow activity.
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22
Q

Age related changes to respirator

A

-minimal change in lungs

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23
Q

Age related changes to skeletal changes

A
  • rib cage calcifies
  • spine shortens
  • stooped posture decreasing active lung space.
24
Q

Age related changes to bone structure

A
  • less bone mass.
  • compression of vertebral. reduce height.
25
Q

Age related changes to joints

A
  • cartilage thins
  • limited ROM
26
Q

Age related changes to skin

A
  • most easiest to notice.
  • loss of elasticity
  • thinning of skin
  • low subQ fat
  • age spots ( melanocytes cluster)
27
Q

Age related changes to oral cavity

A
  • re absorption of bone in jaw may loosen teeth.
  • gag reflex weakens
  • smooth muscle weakness. delays stomach empty time.
28
Q

Age related changes to stomach and intestines:

A
  • decreased gastric acid secretions
  • decreased peristalsis causing constipation.
29
Q

Age related changes to renal function and urinary:

A
  • decreased renal blood flow causing clear urine
  • bladder shrinks. loss of muscle tone.
  • increased frequency
30
Q

Age related changes to sex organs:

A

man: increased prostate
woman: decreased vaginal secretions

31
Q

Age related changes to brain

A
  • loss of brain mass progressively
32
Q

Age related changes to movement

A
  • impaired balance.
  • decreased reaction time
33
Q

Age related changes to sleep

A
  • increased insomnia due to short cycles of REM.
34
Q

Age related changes to vision

A
  • decreased ability to focus on close objects.
  • decreased night vision
  • decreased response to PERRLA
  • decreased tear production
35
Q

Age related changes to hearing

A
  • decreased ability to hear high-frequency tones
36
Q

Age related changes to taste

A
  • hard to taste salt, bitter, and sour. but can taste sugar just fine!
37
Q

Ethics

A

considers the value system of a person and the relationship of those values.

38
Q

Law

A

Rules and regulations that guide society. conflicts with value system.

39
Q

Nursing practice acts

A

state laws that tell the requirements for licensure and the limits of nursing practice.

40
Q

Negligence

A

failure to exercise adequate care

41
Q

malpractice

A

failure to do something that should have been done.

42
Q

Omission

A

when you omit something that is either ordered or expected as a normal part of treatment for a person.

43
Q

this act stopped routine use of restrains on the elderly. No use of double restraints and only short term use of restraints that requires a doctors order.

A

Omnibus reconciliation act or OBRA

44
Q

informed consent

A

A persons right to information before giving consent to treatment. needs to be a signature on the consent form before.

45
Q

legal document made and signed by a competent adult regarding life-sustaining issues and other concerns related to terminal care. Gives another person the responsibility to make terminal care decisions.

A

advanced directives

46
Q

Where is Elder abuse found on the globe the highest and who is most likely to cause elder abuse?

A

Increasing in the united states. most often by a close family member who is overwhelmed experience burnout.

47
Q

types of elderly abuse

A
  • inflicting pain or injury
  • withholding food, money, medication, or care
  • physical or chemical restraint
  • theft or intentional mismanagement of assets.
  • sexual abuse
  • threatening to do any of the above.
48
Q

Why do we not bathe elderly daily?

A

low acting sweat glands. Too much bathing can cause skin break down.

49
Q

presbyopia

A

Farsightedness caused by aging

50
Q

presbycusis

A

Age-related hearing loss.

51
Q

What to provide to reduce the loss of bone mass?

A

increased calcium, Vitamin D, protein, and a safe environment.

52
Q

Most frequent chronic conditions found in elders is

A

arthritis, hypertension, heart conditions, hearing impairments, and dementia.

53
Q

treatment strategies

A

treating the symptoms and maximizing the strengths of an older person.

54
Q

Poor dietary habits contribute to

A

disease in older persons such as heart disease and cancer

55
Q

What is the benefit of exercising

A

slows progression of some diseases, helps establish social contracts and generally improves life.

56
Q

Roll breathing

A

helps develop full use of lungs with breathing exercises.

NCM 114 (1 decks)

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