midterms Flashcards
Uses multi disciplinary insights from anthropology, political science, and sociology to develop student awareness of cultural, social, and political dynamics and sensitivity to cultural diversity.
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms found in human societies as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in a group.
culture
The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
culture
characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits.
culture
- is a group of individuals living in a certain geographical location having common goals and interests, friendship and cooperation. They share common culture, norms and values
society
are groups of people who directly or indirectly interact with each other.
society
It is the sum of interactions and people.
society
involves making common decisions for a group of people.
politics
process by which groups of people make decisions
politics
It is the activity by which differing interests within a given unit of rule are conciliated by
giving them a share in power in proportion to their importance to the welfare and survival of the whole community
politics
Refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit around the world
cultural variation
Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibited around the world
cultural variation
Kinds of Cultural Variation
Ethnicity, religion, nationality, social differences
is the expression of the set of
cultural ideas held by indigenous people
ethnicity
- Is a system of beliefs and practices as well as system of actions directed toward entities which are above men
religion
It is the legal relationship that
binds a person and a country
nationality
The differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.
Social Differences
Kinds of Social Differences
gender socio economic class exceptionality
It is the socially constructed characteristics of being male or female.
gender
It refers to the category of persons who have more or less
the same socio-economic privilege
socio-economic class
It refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/ or having physically or mentally challenge
exceptionality
Associated with group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a certain group might express specific political opinions and attitudes.
political identity
Kinds of Political Identity
- political power
- partisan affiliation
- political loyalist
Benefit from partisan, seeks to the cultural partisan loyalty
including dynasties among their members.
political power
Signifies membership in a group that defines a world view and a
core set of common values
partisan affiliation
One who remains loyal especially to a political cause
political loyalist
Anthropological Concepts
Society
Culture
Anthropological Concepts
Society
Culture
is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
society
is a human created organization or system of interrelationships that connects individuals in a common
culture.
society
3 components of society
- language
- values
- norms
it is a system of verbal symbols through which humans communicate ideas, feelings, experiences
language
is not only a tool, or a means of expression, but it also structures and shapes our experiences of the world and what
continually evolving throughout progressing societ
language
it is set of ideas people share about what is good, bad, desirable,undesirable
values
derive from values but also contradict values, and serve as both guides and criticisms for individual behavior.
norms
sets of traditions, rules, symbols that shape and are enacted as feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of groups of people
culture
is a physical artifact or object significant to the archaeology, architecture, science, or technology of a specific culture. This means that this type of heritage is perceptible, touchable or concrete.
tangible heritage/ material
is not a physical or concrete item.
Non material/Intangible heritage
expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values.
cultural heritage
process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary to that culture and its worldviews
enculturation
these are the guidelines standards or shared rules on what is right or wrong,appropriate or inappropriate behavior,prescriptions and proscription of propriety, morality, legality and ethics of a society which provides sanctions when violations are made
norms
these are everyday habits, customs ,traditions, and conventions which do not have particular moral and
ethical significance.
folkways
- these are norms with coercive moral and ethical significance and which carry strong moral and
legal sanctions.
mores
refers to societal prohibitions on certain acts which must not be done because they are illegal, immoral and unethical.
taboo
these are formalized norms enacted by people vested with legitimate authority.
law
these are man’s conceptions of his physical, social and cultural world.
ideas
these refer to a person’s conviction about a certain idea,or the people’s perception or view of reality and the world.
beliefs
these are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile,desirable and undesirable.
values
refers to the material
products or objects or adjuncts of the cultural behavior.
material culture
Refers to an object,gesture,sound
color or design that represents
something “ other than itself”
symbols
originates from two greek words - ‘anthropos’ - man or human being. Logos - meaning study
anthropology
Study of human beings
Study of human, human behavior, and society of the past and present as well
anthropology
social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
sociology
scientific study of politics. Deals with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws.
political science
the law-making body
legislative branch
the law-enforcing body
executive body
the law-interpreting body
judicial branch
exercised by the government under the leadership of the president.
executive power
REFERS TO THE STUDY OF THE holders of power and the powers they
exercise-their functions
politics
Thinking your own culture is better than another culture
ethnocentric
Is the tendency to use one’s own cultural standards and values to judge the behavior and beliefs of people with different cultures.
ethnocentrism
The view that the behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another.
For cultural relativist, the values, knowledge, and behavior of people must be understood within their own cultural context.
cultural relativism
earliest ancestors of humans that diverged from apes about 8 million years ago
hominids
(2,500,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE)
- made tools
- hunting (men) and gathering (women), small bonds of 20-30 humans
- NOMADIC - moving from place to place)
Paleolithic Age
- Hominids - any member of the family of two- legged primates that includes all humans
- Australopithecines
- An apposable thumb
Stage 1
- Homo Habilis (man of skills)
- found in East Africa
Created stone tools
Stage 2
- Humans during this period found shelters in caves.
- cave paintings left behind.
Paleolithic Age
- Humans during this period found shelters in caves.
- cave paintings left behind.
Paleolithic Age
- Homo Erectus (Upright Human Being)
- bipedalism
- larger and more varied tools -> primitive technology
- first hominid to migrate and leave africa for europe and asia
- first to use fire (500,00 BCE)
Stage 3
Homo sapiens (wise human being)
Neanderthals (200,00 BCE - 30,000 BCE)
Cro - Magnons (40,000 BCE - 10,00 BCE)
Stage 4
Neander valley , german
Made clothes from animal skins
Live in caves and tents
neanderthals
theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.
Louis Leaky, British paleoanthropologist
the first human
Cro - Magnons - Homo Sapiens Sapiens (wise, wise human)
By 30 ,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.
stage 5
- 10,000 - 4,000 BCE
- Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyle -> settled, stationery lifestyle
Hunting/ gathering -> agricultural production and domestication of animals.
Neolithic Age
- agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
- slash and burn farming
agriculture revolution
human like primates
- they’re subdivided into the New World monkeys, Old world monkeys, and Hominoids.
Anthropoids
dividend into hominids, great apes, lesser apes.
- include living and extinct humans
hominoids
