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Theoretical Foundation of Nursing > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Nursing Theories

A
  • organized bodies of knowledge
  • define nursing as a unique discipline
  • framework of concepts and purposes
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2
Q

Philosophy

A

beliefs and values that define a way of thinking

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3
Q

Theory

A

a belief, policy, or procedure proposed

  • logical group of general proposition
  • describe, predict, or control phenomena
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4
Q

Concept

A

building blocks of theories

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5
Q

Models

A

representations of the interaction among and between the concepts showing patterns

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6
Q

When did the first nursing theories appeared?

A

late 1800s

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7
Q

Florence Nightingale

A
  • 1860
  • Environmental Theory
  • the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
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8
Q

What happened in the 1950s?

A

there is a consensus among nursing scholars that nursing needed to validate itself

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9
Q

Hildegard Peplau

A
  • 1952
  • Theory of Interpersonal Relations
  • puts emphasis on the nurse-client relationship
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10
Q

Virginia Henderson

A
  • 1955
  • conceptualize the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain indolence in meeting 14 fundamental needs
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11
Q

Faye Abdellah

A
  • 1960
  • Typology of 21 Nursing Problems
  • shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centered to a patient-centered approach
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12
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

A
  • 1962

- emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse

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13
Q

Dorothy Johnson

A
  • 1968
  • Behavioral System Model
  • upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient
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14
Q

Martha Rogers

A
  • 1970

- viewed nursing as both a science and art

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15
Q

Dorothea Oremstates

A
  • 1971

- nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, and social needs

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16
Q

Imogene King

A
  • 1971
  • Theory of Goal Attainment
  • nurse is considered a part of the patient’s environment
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17
Q

Betty Newman

A
  • 1972
  • many needs exist, each may disrupt client balance or stability
  • stress reduction is the goal
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18
Q

Sr. Callista Roy

A
  • 1979

- viewed the individual as a set of interrelated systems

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19
Q

Jean Watson

A
  • 1979
  • Philosophy of Caring
  • humanistic aspects of nursing
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20
Q

Academic Discipline

A

explain the fundamental implications of the profession and to enhance the status of the profession

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21
Q

In Research

A
  • development of theory is fundamental
  • improve the nursing profession’s ability to meet the social duties and responsibilities
  • help connect the perceived “gap” between theory
22
Q

In Profession

A

facilitate of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do

23
Q

Purposes of Nursing Theories

A
  • Academic Discipline
  • In Research
  • In Profession
24
Q

Classification of Nursing Theories

A
  • Grand Nursing Theories
  • Middle-Range Nursing Theories
  • Practice-Level Nursing Theories
25
Q

Abstraction

A

classifies nursing theories by level

26
Q

Grand Nursing Theories

A
  • abstract, broad in scope, and complex
  • provide a general framework and ideas
  • based on their own experiences and the time they were living
27
Q

Middle-Range Nursing Theories

A
  • more limited in scope and present concepts and propositions at a lower level
  • nursing scholars proposed using this level of theory
28
Q

Practice-Level Nursing Theories

A
  • narrow in scope, focuses on a specific patient population at a specific time
  • interrelated with concepts from middle-range theories and grand theories
29
Q

Structure of Nursing Knowledge

A
  • Person
  • Environment
  • Health
  • Nursing
30
Q

Person

A
  • client or human beings

- recipient of nursing care

31
Q

Environment

A

internal and external surrounds that affect the client

32
Q

Health

A

degree of wellness or well-being

33
Q

Nursing

A

attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care

34
Q

Components of Nursing Theories

A
  • Phenomenon
  • Concepts
  • Definitions
  • Relational Statements
  • Assumptions
35
Q

Phenomenon

A

describe an idea or response about an event

36
Q

Concepts

A

help describe or label a phenomenon

37
Q

Two types of Concepts

A
  • Abstract Concepts

- Concrete Concepts

38
Q

Abstract Concepts

A

mentally constructed

39
Q

Concrete Concepts

A

directly experienced and related to a particular time or place

40
Q

Definitions

A

convey the general meaning of the concepts

41
Q

Two types of Definitions

A
  • Theoretical Definitions

- Operational Definitions

42
Q

Theoretical Definitions

A

based on the theorist’s perspective

43
Q

Operational Definitions

A

how concepts are measured

44
Q

Relational Statements

A

define the relationships between two or more concepts

45
Q

Assumptions

A

accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs

46
Q

Descriptive Theories

A
  • first level of theory development

- describe the phenomenon and identify its properties

47
Q

Two Types of Descriptive Theories

A
  • Factor-Isolating Theory

- Explanatory Theory

48
Q

Factory-Isolating Theory

A

category-formulating or labeling theory

49
Q

Founder of Modern Nursing and Pioneer of the Environmental Theory

A

Florence Nightingale

50
Q

Stated that nursing “ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and
the proper selectiozn and administration of diet – all at the least expense of vital power to the
patient.”

A

Florence Nightingale

51
Q

She pioneered the Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring

A

Jean Watson

52
Q

The central to nursing practice and promotes health better than a simple medical cure

A

Caring

Theoretical Foundation of Nursing (1 decks)

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