Midterms

Question 1

Nursing Theories

Answer 1

• organized bodies of knowledge
• define nursing as a unique discipline
• framework of concepts and purposes

Question 2

Philosophy

Answer 2

beliefs and values that define a way of thinking

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

a belief, policy, or procedure proposed

• logical group of general proposition
• describe, predict, or control phenomena

Question 4

Concept

Answer 4

building blocks of theories

Question 5

Models

Answer 5

representations of the interaction among and between the concepts showing patterns

Question 6

When did the first nursing theories appeared?

Answer 6

late 1800s

Question 7

Florence Nightingale

Answer 7

• 1860
• Environmental Theory
• the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery

Question 8

What happened in the 1950s?

Answer 8

there is a consensus among nursing scholars that nursing needed to validate itself

Question 9

Hildegard Peplau

Answer 9

• 1952
• Theory of Interpersonal Relations
• puts emphasis on the nurse-client relationship

Question 10

Virginia Henderson

Answer 10

• 1955
• conceptualize the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain indolence in meeting 14 fundamental needs

Question 11

Faye Abdellah

Answer 11

• 1960
• Typology of 21 Nursing Problems
• shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centered to a patient-centered approach

Question 12

Ida Jean Orlando

Answer 12

• 1962

- emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse

Question 13

Dorothy Johnson

Answer 13

• 1968
• Behavioral System Model
• upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient

Question 14

Martha Rogers

Answer 14

• 1970

- viewed nursing as both a science and art

Question 15

Dorothea Oremstates

Answer 15

• 1971

- nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, and social needs

Question 16

Imogene King

Answer 16

• 1971
• Theory of Goal Attainment
• nurse is considered a part of the patient’s environment

Question 17

Betty Newman

Answer 17

• 1972
• many needs exist, each may disrupt client balance or stability
• stress reduction is the goal

Question 18

Sr. Callista Roy

Answer 18

• 1979

- viewed the individual as a set of interrelated systems

Question 19

Jean Watson

Answer 19

• 1979
• Philosophy of Caring
• humanistic aspects of nursing

Question 20

Academic Discipline

Answer 20

explain the fundamental implications of the profession and to enhance the status of the profession

Question 21

In Research

Answer 21

• development of theory is fundamental
• improve the nursing profession’s ability to meet the social duties and responsibilities
• help connect the perceived “gap” between theory

Question 22

In Profession

Answer 22

facilitate of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do

Question 23

Purposes of Nursing Theories

Answer 23

• Academic Discipline
• In Research
• In Profession

Question 24

Classification of Nursing Theories

Answer 24

• Grand Nursing Theories
• Middle-Range Nursing Theories
• Practice-Level Nursing Theories

Question 25

Abstraction

Answer 25

classifies nursing theories by level

Question 26

Grand Nursing Theories

Answer 26

- abstract, broad in scope, and complex - provide a general framework and ideas - based on their own experiences and the time they were living

Question 27

Middle-Range Nursing Theories

Answer 27

- more limited in scope and present concepts and propositions at a lower level - nursing scholars proposed using this level of theory

Question 28

Practice-Level Nursing Theories

Answer 28

- narrow in scope, focuses on a specific patient population at a specific time - interrelated with concepts from middle-range theories and grand theories

Question 29

Structure of Nursing Knowledge

Answer 29

- Person - Environment - Health - Nursing

Question 30

Person

Answer 30

- client or human beings | - recipient of nursing care

Question 31

Environment

Answer 31

internal and external surrounds that affect the client

Question 32

Health

Answer 32

degree of wellness or well-being

Question 33

Nursing

Answer 33

attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care

Question 34

Components of Nursing Theories

Answer 34

- Phenomenon - Concepts - Definitions - Relational Statements - Assumptions

Question 35

Phenomenon

Answer 35

describe an idea or response about an event

Question 36

Concepts

Answer 36

help describe or label a phenomenon

Question 37

Two types of Concepts

Answer 37

- Abstract Concepts | - Concrete Concepts

Question 38

Abstract Concepts

Answer 38

mentally constructed

Question 39

Concrete Concepts

Answer 39

directly experienced and related to a particular time or place

Question 40

Definitions

Answer 40

convey the general meaning of the concepts

Question 41

Two types of Definitions

Answer 41

- Theoretical Definitions | - Operational Definitions

Question 42

Theoretical Definitions

Answer 42

based on the theorist's perspective

Question 43

Operational Definitions

Answer 43

how concepts are measured

Question 44

Relational Statements

Answer 44

define the relationships between two or more concepts

Question 45

Assumptions

Answer 45

accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs

Question 46

Descriptive Theories

Answer 46

- first level of theory development | - describe the phenomenon and identify its properties

Question 47

Two Types of Descriptive Theories

Answer 47

- Factor-Isolating Theory | - Explanatory Theory

Question 48

Factory-Isolating Theory

Answer 48

category-formulating or labeling theory

Question 49

Founder of Modern Nursing and Pioneer of the Environmental Theory

Answer 49

Florence Nightingale

Question 50

Stated that nursing “ought to signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selectiozn and administration of diet – all at the least expense of vital power to the patient.”

Answer 50

Florence Nightingale

Question 51

She pioneered the Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring

Answer 51

Jean Watson

Question 52

The central to nursing practice and promotes health better than a simple medical cure

Answer 52

Caring