Midterms 1/21

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are sugar molecules that get broken down to release energy.

Question 2

Name some foods that have carbohydrates in them.

Answer 2

Bread, pasta, rice, anything with wheat.

Question 3

What are proteins?

Answer 3

Chains of amino acids that together store energy in bonds between atoms.

Question 4

Name some foods that have protein in them.

Answer 4

Meat, beans, eggs, and nuts.

Question 5

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 5

Molecules that store and transmit genetic information. DNA and RNA.

Question 6

What are lipids?

Answer 6

Lipids store energy, absorb vitamins, and make hormones. They also make up the cell membrane.

Question 7

Name some foods that have lipids in them.

Answer 7

Eggs, nuts, beef.

Question 8

What is a simple sugar?

Answer 8

Glucose is a simple sugar. Sugars are carbohydrates.

Question 9

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Complex carbs are starches or long chains of sugars that are linked together.

Question 10

What is excretion?

Answer 10

The removal of liquid wastes.

Question 11

What is metabolic waste?

Answer 11

Waste that comes from the reactions within your body.

Example: Carbon Dioxide.

Question 12

What is cyclosis?

Answer 12

The movement of cytoplasm within a cell, also known as cytoplasmic streaming or protoplasmic streaming.

Question 13

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 13

A chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.

Question 14

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 14

A reaction that forms a larger molecule from smaller units, involving the loss of water.

Question 15

What happens to undigested material from the digestive tract?

Answer 15

It becomes waste.

Question 16

What is a genus?

Answer 16

Always capitalized and italicized or underlined.

Question 17

What is a species?

Answer 17

Always lowercase and italicized or underlined. The lowest level of classification.

Question 18

What is a scientific name made up of?

Answer 18

Genus (always capitalized) and species (always lowercase).

Question 19

Which organisms are the closest related?

Answer 19

Ones that are the same genus, domain, or species.

Question 20

What are the levels of classification from domain to species?

Answer 20

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Question 21

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Answer 21

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

Question 22

What process does a plant perform when put underwater and exposed to light?

Answer 22

It will perform photosynthesis.

Question 23

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 23

Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and sunlight.

Question 24

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Oxygen and glucose.

Question 25

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Answer 25

Oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6).

Question 26

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and ATP energy.

Question 27

What are the two waste products made by cellular respiration?

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide and water.

Question 28

What three letters do enzymes end in?

Answer 28

-ase.

Question 29

What three letters do sugars end in?

Answer 29

-ose.

Question 30

What does it mean for an organism to be aerobic?

Answer 30

The cells use oxygen to break down food and convert it to energy.

Question 31

What does it mean for an organism to be a heterotroph?

Answer 31

They rely on other organisms as a food source.

Question 32

What does it mean for an organism to be anaerobic?

Answer 32

The cells do not use oxygen to make energy.

Question 33

What does it mean for an organism to be an autotroph?

Answer 33

If an organism is an autotroph, it can produce its own food.

Question 34

What are three lab safety rules to follow when heating test tubes?

Answer 34

Hair pulled back, wearing gloves, use tongs (something to hold the tubes).

Question 35

What is metabolism?

Answer 35

The combination of all life processes.

Question 36

What is nutrition?

Answer 36

The process of obtaining and using food.

Question 37

What is growth?

Answer 37

Increasing the size or number of cells.

Question 38

What is an independent variable?

Answer 38

The variable you change.

Question 39

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 39

The variable you measure.

Question 40

What is a controlled variable?

Answer 40

The variable(s) you keep the same.

Question 41

What is a control group?

Answer 41

The group that the independent variable is not applied to, used for comparison.

Question 42

What is an experimental group?

Answer 42

The group that the independent variable is applied to.

Question 43

What are alveoli?

Answer 43

Pockets of air in the plant that allow for the exchange of gases.

Question 44

What is oxygen?

Answer 44

Two oxygen atoms.

Question 45

What is carbon dioxide?

Answer 45

One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Question 46

What is gas exchange?

Answer 46

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in both plants and animals.

Question 47

What is locomotion?

Answer 47

The movement of materials in an organism.

Question 48

What is synthesis?

Answer 48

Combining simple substances into complex substances.

Question 49

What is transport?

Answer 49

The movement of materials into an organism and through the inside of an organism.

Question 50

What is reproduction?

Answer 50

Making more of their own species.

Question 51

What is a wet mount?

Answer 51

Put a specimen on a slide, add water, cover it, and remove air bubbles.

Question 52

What is a cover slip?

Answer 52

The top of a slide.

Question 53

What is a slide?

Answer 53

Supports the slide being viewed.

Question 54

What are stage clips?

Answer 54

Used to hold down the slide/specimen in place.

Question 55

What happens to red onion cells in salt water?

Answer 55

The water moves out of the cell because of osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to shrink.

Question 56

What is homeostasis?

Answer 56

The body maintaining internal balance.

Question 57

Give three examples of a disruption of homeostasis.

Answer 57

An increase or decrease in body temperature, an increase of sugar or hormone levels, childbirth.

Question 58

What is an inference?

Answer 58

A reasonable conclusion based on observations and evidence.

Question 59

What is a theory?

Answer 59

A statement or belief that has not been fully proven yet.

Question 60

What is a fact?

Answer 60

A true statement that has been proven using the scientific method.

Question 61

What is a prediction?

Answer 61

A guess about the outcome or results of an experiment.

Question 62

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 62

A specific, testable prediction about the outcome of the experiment.

Question 63

Can salt move across a cell membrane?

Answer 63

Yes, once it makes it across, it dries out the water.

Question 64

What is the basic order of steps in the scientific method?

Answer 64

1- Make Observations, 2- Background Research/Ask a question, 3- Form a hypothesis, 4- Design an experiment, 5- Gather/Present Data, 6- Analyze data/Draw conclusions.

Question 65

What are two benefits of heart rate increasing during exercise?

Answer 65

Blood flow increases and the muscles get more oxygen.

Question 66

What is the length of this specimen in cm and mm?

Answer 66

1.7 cm.

Question 67

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 67

Makes energy for the cell.

Question 68

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 68

Stores water and other materials.

Question 69

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 69

Contains the cell's DNA and is the control center.

Question 70

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 70

The site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins.

Question 71

What does Benedict's solution indicate?

Answer 71

Detects starch.

Question 72

What does Lugol’s solution (iodine) indicate?

Answer 72

It detects starch and turns black/blue.

Question 73

What does Biuret solution indicate?

Answer 73

Detects proteins.

Question 74

What does Sudan III indicate?

Answer 74

Detects lipids.

Question 75

What does Bromothymol blue (BTB) indicate?

Answer 75

Indicates CO2 and O2 levels.

Question 76

What is active transport?

Answer 76

Diffusion that requires ATP, moving from low to high concentration.

Question 77

What is passive transport?

Answer 77

Does not need ATP, goes from high to low concentration.

Question 78

What is osmosis?

Answer 78

Water molecules diffuse from high to low water concentration.

Question 79

What is diffusion?

Answer 79

The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Question 80

At what pH is pepsin most effective?

Answer 80

It is most effective at a pH of 2.

Question 81

Make one pair of enzymes and substrates.

Answer 81

The pink enzyme goes with the green substrate.

Question 82

How do you calculate total magnification on a microscope?

Answer 82

Multiply the ocular lens magnification by the revolving nosepiece lenses. ## Footnote Example: 4x Nosepiece lens x 10x Ocular lens = 40x total magnification.

Question 83

Should all points of a line graph be circled and connected with straight lines?

Answer 83

Yes, they should.

Question 84

Give two reasons why some molecules can pass through a cell membrane easily.

Answer 84

Size and shape.

Question 85

How does exercise affect pulse rate?

Answer 85

It increases the pulse rate because the heart pumps more blood to the muscles.

Question 86

How does sleep affect pulse rate?

Answer 86

It slows down the pulse rate because the body is resting.

Question 87

What do guard cells do?

Answer 87

They guard the entrance of the cell from viruses and other substances that don’t belong.

Question 88

What is a feedback mechanism?

Answer 88

An action that is triggered when the body is not in homeostasis.

Question 89

What are three parts of a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell?

Answer 89

Chloroplasts, cell wall.

Question 90

What substance is associated with ribosomes in the cell?

Answer 90

Proteins are associated with the ribosomes.

Question 91

What substance is associated with mitochondria in the cell?

Answer 91

ATP is associated with the mitochondria.

Question 92

What substance is associated with the nucleus of the cell?

Answer 92

DNA is found in the nucleus.