Midterms #1 Flashcards
is a multi-step process for creating a program
Programming
way of giving computers what they should do next
Code
is a list or sequence of instructions that
tell a computer what to do.
computer program
written in a programming language
computer program
is a type of written language that
tells computers what to do in order to work.
programming language (PL)
Each PL has its own grammar called
syntax
It consists of rules
governing the structure and content of the statement that should
be followed.
syntax
writes source code
programmer
is a well-written set of instructions and
statements to develop a program.
Source code
Source code can be written in
low-level or high-level
language.
translates a program written from an assembly
language to a low-level language.
Assembler
translates each statement or one line at a time and executed immediately after translation.
Interpreter
translates all statements at one time. It provides all the error messages – called diagnostics- at once.
Compiler
Compiler
C, C++, Java
Interpreter
JavaScript, Python, Ruby
often cryptic and not
human-readable.
Low-level Language
uses English-like
instructions and can be
run on a variety of
computer types.
High-level language
designated by
a 0.
OFF
designated by
a 1.
ON
Instructions are written in 0s and
1s are called
machine
language
Steps in program development life cycle
- Requirement Analysis
- System Design
- Coding or Writing The Program
- Testing and Debugging
- Documentation and Maintenance
When we want to develop a program using any programming
language, we follow a sequence of steps
phases
a set of steps or phases that are used to develop a program in any
programming language.
program development life cycle
is a description of what a system should do
Requirement
it involves the collection of information and the definition of the characteristics or features of the desired system.
Requirement Analysis
The program design process describes the algorithm for the solution of the problem.
System Design
is the step-by-step sequence of instructions that describe how data will be processed to produce the desired
output.
algorithm
To formulate the algorithm, a programmer may choose between
pseudocodes or flowcharts
is an algorithm written in normal Human language statements to describe the logic and processing flow.
Pseudocode
is a visual
representation of the sequence
of steps and decisions needed
to perform a process.
Flowchart
The actual writing of the program based on the design specifications
Coding
is performed by real users of the software application in a real environment.
Beta Testing
Program testing involves running various tests such as desk checking and debugging
alpha testing
is manually testing the solution design to
make sure that it is free of errors and that the logic works.
Desk checking
means detecting, locating, and removing all errors in a computer program.
Debugging
is the most common error and incorrect use of
programming language statements.
Syntax Error
is a software error that occurs while a program is being executed.
Run-time Error
is a mistake in a program’s source code that results in incorrect or unexpected behavior.
Logical Error
is a written detailed description of the
programming cycle and specific facts about the program.
Documentation
is any activity designed to keep programs
error-free, up-to-date, and in good working condition.
Maintenance
is called false code because, it has no syntax like any of the programming language and thus can’t be compiled or interpreted by the computer.
Pseudocode
It is not standardized
Pseudocode
It is simply an implementation of an algorithm in the form of annotations and informative text is written in plain English
Pseudocode
To reduce the value of a variable
DECREMENT
To increase the value of a variable
INCREMENT, BUMP
To initialize values
SET, INIT
This is used to calculate
the result of an expression
COMPUTE, CALCULATE, DETERMINE
iteration bounds
sequence
FOR
condition
sequence
WHILE
