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TCM Theory > Midterm - Winter '16 > Flashcards

Midterm - Winter '16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is etiology?

A

The study of the causes of disease

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2
Q

What are four categories of disease causing factors?

A
  1. Internal
  2. External
  3. Non-Internal/External
  4. Miscellaneous
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3
Q

Pathogens that invade the body from outside (the environment)

A

External Factors

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4
Q

What are the six exterior pathogenic factors?

A
  1. Wind
  2. Cold
  3. Damp
  4. Dryness
  5. Fire (Warmth, Heat)
  6. Summer-Heat
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5
Q

What are the six fundamentals of Six EPF’s?

A
  1. The Six Qi become the Six Evils when they are excessive or unseasonal, or the climate changes suddenly
  2. EPF’s can only invade if the Zheng-Qi is weak
  3. All EPF’s, when affecting the body, invade through the skin, nose or mouth
  4. Disease due to the Six EPF’s is closely related to seasonal changes in the weather and to living environment
  5. Each of the Six EPF’s may affect the body singly or in combination
  6. The Six EPF’s may, during the process of disease and under certain circumstances, transform into each other.
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6
Q

What is the season of Wind?

A

Spring

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7
Q

When can wind easily invade the body?

A

After sweating or while sleeping

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8
Q

What is the primary EPF in causing disease?

A

Wind

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9
Q

Which EPF does cold, damp, dryness and heat depend on to invade the body?

A

Wind

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10
Q

What is the leading causative factor of the “hundred diseases?”

A

Wind

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11
Q

Is Wind a yin or yang EPF?

A

Yang

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12
Q

What movements characterize Wind?

A

upward and outward dispersion

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13
Q

This EPF blows in gusts and is characterized by rapid changes.

A

Wind

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14
Q

This EPF is characterized by constant movement.

A

Wind

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15
Q

What is the season of Cold?

A

Winter

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16
Q

Is Cold a yin or yang EPF?

A

Yin (and consumes Yang-Qi)

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17
Q

Which EPF causes contraction and stagnation?

A

Cold

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18
Q

What is the season of Damp?

A

Late-Summer

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19
Q

Which EPF is characterized by heaviness and turbidity?

A

Damp

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20
Q

This EPF is characterized by viscosity/”stickiness,” lingering and stagnation.

A

Damp

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21
Q

Is Damp a yin or yang EPF?

A

Yin (impairs yang and obstructs Qi circulation)

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22
Q

This EPF tends to descend and easily resides in yin areas of the body.

A

Damp

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23
Q

What is the season of Dryness?

A

Autumn

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24
Q

Which EPF causes drying and consumes body-fluids?

A

Dryness

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25
Q

This EPF easily damages the Lung.

A

Dryness

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26
Q

What is the season of Heat?

A

Summer

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27
Q

Is Heat a yin or yang EPF?

A

Yang

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28
Q

This EPF is characterized by burning and upward direction.

A

Heat

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29
Q

This EPF often consumes yin/fluid.

A

Heat

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30
Q

This EPF affects the Liver and deprives sinews and vessels of nourishment, stirring Liver-wind.

A

Heat

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31
Q

Which EPF stirs up wind and disturbs blood?

A

Heat

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32
Q

What is the season of Summer-Heat?

A

Summer

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33
Q

This EPF is only seen in its own season.

A

Summer-Heat

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34
Q

Is Summer-Heat a yin or yang EPF?

A

Yang (extreme heat, transformed from fire)

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35
Q

Which EPF is characterized by upward direction, dispersion and consumption of body fluids?

A

Summer-Heat

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36
Q

Which EPF frequently combines with dampness?

A

Summer-Heat

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37
Q

Internal factors are the ________.

A

Emotions

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38
Q

What are the Seven Emotions?

A
  1. Joy
  2. Anger
  3. Worry
  4. Sadness
  5. Pensiveness
  6. Fear
  7. Fright
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39
Q

How does the Seven Emotions become disease causing factors?

A

when the Seven Emotions become….

sudden and severe, chronic, or the body’s ability to tolerate and self-regulate is impared

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40
Q

Which organ does the Seven Emotions affect?

A

Heart (and Shen)

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41
Q

Does the Seven Emotions directly or indirectly affect the organs?

A

Directly

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42
Q

True or False: The Seven Emotions can cause illness and/or aggravate existing illness.

A

True

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43
Q

What are the five miscellaneous factors of disease?

A
  1. Improper diet
  2. Overstrain, stress
  3. Lack of physical exercise
  4. Traumatic injury and insect or animal bites
  5. Incorrect medical treatment
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44
Q

This miscellaneous EPF stems from overeating and malnutrition.

A

Improper Diet

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45
Q

Overeating can damage which organs?

A

Stomach and Intestines

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46
Q

What are four ways that someone can be overindulgent in particular foods?

A
  1. One type of food
  2. Wrong types of foods
  3. Cold or raw foods and drinks
  4. Alcohol, sweet, greasy, rich
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47
Q

What are three ways that overstrain and stress can occur?

A
  1. Excessive physical labor
  2. Excessive mental labor
  3. Excessive sexual activity
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48
Q

How does excessive physical labor affect the body?

A

Consumes the Qi

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49
Q

How does excessive mental work affect the body?

A

Excessive mental activity consumes Heart-Blood and damages Spleen-Qi (Spleen governs pensiveness and heart stores Shen)

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50
Q

How does excessive sexual activity affect the body?

A

Excessive sexual activity consumes and damages Kidney essence (Kidney stores essence)

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51
Q

How does lack of exercise affect the body?

A

Causes impairment of Qi and Blood circulation and weakens the body

Negatively affects Spleen (Spleen governs the Four Limbs)

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52
Q

How does traumatic injuries, insect or animal bites affect the body?

A

Traumatic injuries tend to cause blood stagnation and insect or animal bites may result in toxcosis

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53
Q

Define Pathologically-Generated Etiological Factor

A

Pathological substances that are generated within the body through various pathogenic processes

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54
Q

What are two types of PGEF?

A
  1. Pathological water, dampness, phlegm, and rheum

2. Blood stasis

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55
Q

How does pathological water, dampness, phlegm and rheum occur?

A

When the body’s water-metabolism functions are impaired

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56
Q

What is the thickest fluid of the fluid PGEF’s?

A

Phlegm

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57
Q

What are the two fluid PGEF’s that are thinner than Phlegm?

A

Rheum and Water

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58
Q

Is pathological water, dampness, phlegm and rheum a yin or yang pathogen?

A

Yin (derived from fluids)

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59
Q

This PGEF is characterized by an obstruction of Qi-mechanism and impairs circulation of Qi and Blood

A

Pathological water, dampness, phlegm, and rheum

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60
Q

This PGEF results in illnesses that tend to be stubborn and “sticky,” and disease-course tends to be long

A

Pathological water, dampness, phlegm, and rheum

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61
Q

True or False: Pathological water, dampness, phlegm, and rheum easily disturbs the Shen.

A

True

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62
Q

Pathological water, dampness, phlegm and rheum presents itself with what characteristics on the tongue?

A

Slippery and greasy tongue coating

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63
Q

What is Blood Stasis?

A

Blood that has accumulated and stagnated and can no longer circulate normally

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64
Q

What are the four dysfunctions of Qi and Blood?

A
  1. Qi-xu causing blood-stasis
  2. Qi-stasis causing blood-stasis
  3. Blood-cold causing blood-stasis
  4. Blood-heat causing blood-stasis
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65
Q

Which PGEF is characterized by a fixed, sharp and stabbing pain with pain worse at night and with pressure?

A

Blood stasis

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66
Q

Which PGEF is characterized by a fixed, immobile mass that is purple, blue-green near the surface of the body?

A

Blood stasis

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67
Q

Blood stasis presents itself with what characteristics on the tongue?

A

Purple, dark tongue body often with stasis macules and with purple, distended sublingual veins

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68
Q

This is a treatment principle is the basic/fundamental principle which guides all treatment

A

Zhi Ze

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69
Q

What are the six principles behind Zhi Ze?

A
  1. Treat early and prevent change and development
  2. To treat disease one must search for the root
  3. Support Right and dispel Evil
  4. Treatment of Root and Branch
  5. Regulate Yin and Yang
  6. Treatment of disease according to climate and seasonal conditions, geographical location, and individual conditions
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70
Q

What are the three ways to support Right and dispel Evil (under Zhi Ze principle)?

A
  1. Tonify Right: when there is xu/emptiness
  2. Dispel Evil: when there is excess/fullness
  3. Both tonify Right and Evil: when there are both xu and excess
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71
Q

In what type of condition should the root be treated?

A

Moderate conditions, generally in more chronic conditions

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72
Q

In what type of condition should the branch be treated?

A

In acute conditions, generally in acute or emergency conditions

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73
Q

In what type of condition should the root and branch both be treated?

A

In mixed acute/chronic conditions, treat simultaneously

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74
Q

This is a treatment method that is specific and used to treat a specific condition

A

Zhi Fa

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75
Q

What are the four methods of examination?

A
  1. Wang/Visual Inspection
  2. Wen/Listening and Smelling
  3. Wen/Inquiry
  4. Qie/Palpation
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76
Q

Why does physical examination give us the information needed to understand the condition of the body?

A

Interior manifests in the exterior

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77
Q

What are the two basic conditions of Shen?

A

Spirited or Spiritless

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78
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Spirited Shen

A

strong, healthy body, well developed muscles, abundant energy, moist, and bright complexion
sufficient upright qi, strong function of zang-fu
mild disease, good prognosis

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79
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Spiritless Shen

A

thin, weak body, emaciated muscles, listless and fatigued, dull grey or excessively bright complexion
xu of upright qi, poor function of zang fu
severe disease, poor prognosis

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80
Q

Describe the characteristics of Spirited Eyes

A

sparkling, agile movement of eyeballs

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81
Q

Describe the characteristics of Spiritless Eyes

A

dull, lack of sparkle and spirit, slow movement of eyeballs or straight/blank staring

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82
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Spirited Mind

A

clear and sharp mind, active and appropriate responses to environment

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83
Q

Describe the characteristics of a Spiritless Mind

A

confused, not clear, agitated, abnormal response to environment

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84
Q

Describe the characteristics of Spirited Speech

A

calm, even, well-regulated breathing

correct, clear speech

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85
Q

Describe the characteristics of Spiritless Speech

A

faint, weak breath, panting

abnormal speech

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86
Q

What is False Shen?

A

When a patient suddenly goes from spiritless to spirited (separation of yin and yang, yin is exhausted and cannot restrain yang, the yang floats up and gives rise to false shen)
Critical sign, usually seen soon before death

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87
Q

What is a Clouded Shen?

A

When consciousness is obscured or lost

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88
Q

What is a Disordered Shen?

A

A disturbance in Shen (ie., mania, withdrawal, epilepsy, etc.)

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89
Q

Why does the face reflect the condition of the body?

A

The blood and qi of the 12 channels and 365 collaterals rises to the face and enters the orifices

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90
Q

Describe a normal complexion

A

slightly rosy

moist, sheen, lustrous

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91
Q

An individual’s normal color

A

Primary Color

92
Q

Normal changes in an individual’s color due to: season, weather, temperature; situation and activity, age, emotions, etc.

A

Guest Color

93
Q

Describe the color and pathologic complexion of a benign disease

A

abnormal change in color, but there is still luster
organs, qi essence and blood still in decent shape
good prognosis

94
Q

Describe the color and pathologic complexion of a malignant disease

A

abnormal change in color, lusterless
organs, qi, essence and blood damaged
poor prognosis

95
Q

What color is associated with cold, pain, blood stasis and liver wind?

A

Blue-Green

96
Q

Diagnose: pale blue-green, black blue-green complexion, sharp and cold abdominal pain

A

Cold excess

97
Q

Diagnose: gray-blue complexion, cyanotic lips, stabbing chest pain

A

Chest painful obstruction due to Heart yang xu

98
Q

Diagnose: blue-green in area between eyebrows, bridge of nose, and borders of lips

A

Liver wind or on verge of liver wind

99
Q

Diagnose: blue-green complexion, poor appetite, irritability/anger, abdominal pain with diarrhea, irregular mensturation

A

Liver and Spleen disharmony

100
Q

What does the color red govern?

A

Heat

101
Q

What does heat cause?

A

An abundance of qi and blood to circulate in vessels

102
Q

Diagnose: entire face is red

A

excess heat (interior or exterior)

103
Q

Diagnose: red cheeks

A

deficiency heat

104
Q

Diagnose: pasty/sallow complexion with red cheeks looking like makeup

A

“Upcast” yang, false shen

105
Q

What does the color yellow govern?

A

deficiency and dampness

106
Q

Diagnose: sallow yellow, pale yellow

A

Spleen and Stomach qi xu with subsequent qi/blood xu

weak transformation and transportation; essence of food can’t rise up to nourish face

107
Q

Diagnose: yellow complexion, often with swelling or overweight

A

dampness

accumulation of dampness, often due to Spleen weakness with impaired transportation and transformation

108
Q

Diagnose: dusky/smoky yellow complexion and eyes

A

yin-yellow (yin-type jaundice)

cold damp obstructs Spleen, bile obstructed by dampness and overflows to skin

109
Q

Diagnose: bright-yellow complexion and eyes

A

yang-yellow (yang-type jaundice)

damp-heat obstructs Liver and Gall-bladder, bile overflows

110
Q

What does the color white govern?

A

Kidney xu, stasis pain, water-rheum

111
Q

Diagnose: dim/dusky cheeks and forehead

A

Kidney yang xu

yang xu and cold, ming-men fire can’t warm and nourish the vessels, qi and blood stagnate

112
Q

Diagnose: dry, burnt black cheeks and forehead

A

Kidney essence/yin xu

essence/yin can’t nourish face

113
Q

What does the color black govern?

A

Kidney xu, stasis pain and water-rheum

114
Q

Diagnose: purple-black, blue-green-black, rough skin

A

Stasis pain: qi and blood stasis causing pain, cold and other possible etiologies

115
Q

Diagnose: black eye sockets, puffy under eye

A

Qi and blood impaired by stagnant fluids

Spleen and Kidney qi/yang xu causing impaired metabolism and circulation of fluids

116
Q

Floating or Deep?: Visible on the surface of the skin and disease in exterior, in bowels

A

Floating

117
Q

Floating or Deep?: color deeper in skin, disease in interior, in vescera

A

Deep

118
Q

Clear or Turbid?: color and sheen are clear and distinct, yang syndromes

A

Clear

119
Q

Clear or Turbid?: colors are dark and turbid, yin syndromes

A

Turbid

120
Q

Are clear syndromes yin or yang?

A

Yang

121
Q

Are turbid syndromes yin or yang?

A

Yin

122
Q

Faint or Extreme?: color and sheen are shallow and light, xu of Zheng Qi

A

Faint

123
Q

Faint or Extreme?: colors and sheen are deep and thick, excess Evil Qi

A

Extreme

124
Q

Scattered or Concentrated?: color is dispersed or scanty, illness is new, mild or resolving

A

Scattered

125
Q

Scattered or Concentrated?: color is concentrated, illness is enduring or serious

A

Concentrated

126
Q

Sheen or Perishing?: color is moist, viscera and essence not depleted, mild illness, good prognosis

A

Sheen

127
Q

Sheen or Perishing?: color is dry and withered, viscera and essence depleted, severe illness, poor prognosis

A

Perishing

128
Q

What body type is described as being exuberant of qi and blood with solid zang-fu organs?

A

Robust

129
Q

What body type is described as being insufficient of qi and blood with hypofunction of the zang-fu organs?

A

Weak

130
Q

Are overweight people yin or yang deficient?

A

Yang xu

131
Q

Are skinny people yin or yang deficient?

A

Yin xu

132
Q

Yin or Yang: Arching Backward

A

Yang

133
Q

Yin or Yang: Curving forward

A

Yin

134
Q

Yin or Yang: face turned outward, legs outstretched, clothes torn off, bedcovers discarded, desire for cold

A

Yang

135
Q

Yin or Yang: face turned inward, bundled up wearing clothes, with bedcovers, desire for heat

A

Yin

136
Q

Where is the meeting place of yang and the residence of essence-spirit?

A

Head

137
Q

Diagnose: head size that is too large or too small, possibly with mental insufficiency

A

Kidney essence xu (pre-heaving xu)

138
Q

Diagnose: bulging head

A

excess heat

139
Q

Diagnose: sunken head

A

xu cold (slightly sunken is normal within first six months)

140
Q

Diagnose: delayed closure of head

A

kidney xu

141
Q

Diagnose: uncontrollable movement of head

A

internal wind

142
Q

What are the signs of yang type facial swelling (edema)?

A

excess pattern
abrupt onset
wind, cold, damp attack Lung and Spleen

143
Q

What are the signs of yin type facial swelling (edema)?

A

xu pattern
slow onset
Spleen and Kidney qi or yang xu

144
Q

What are the characteristics of healthy, normal hair?

A

thick, luxuriant, evenly distributed, moist with sheen

145
Q

Diagnose: dry, withered, thin hair-loss

A

xu of blood, essence, kidney
blood heat
after severe illness, extreme taxation-fatigue, port-partum

146
Q

Diagnose: sudden hair loss

A

xu blood with internal wind

147
Q

Diagnose: graying hair

A 
can be normal
Kidney xu (poor memory, sore and weak knees)
148
Q

The essence-qi of the five viscera and six bowels ascends to the ____.

A

eyes

149
Q

Liver opens to the ______.

A

eyes

150
Q

What are the characteristics of spirited eyes?

A

bright, shiny
clear and correct vision
flexible and lively movement

151
Q

What are the characteristics of spiritless eyes?

A

dull and/or turbid sclera
lack of brightness
blurred vision
inflexible movement, staring forwards or upwards

152
Q

Diagnose: red canthus

A

heat fire

153
Q

Diagnose: red sclera

A

Lung fire

154
Q

Diagnose: entire eye red

A

Liver fire, Liver channel wind

155
Q

Diagnose: red, swollen eyelids

A

damp-heat Spleen/Stomach

Damp-heat in LIver/GB

156
Q

Diagnose: yellow sclera

A

damp-heat

damp-cold

157
Q

Diagnose: green-blue sclera

A

LIver wind

158
Q

The color red governs what?

A

Heat/Fire

159
Q

The color yellow governs what?

A

dampness

160
Q

The color green-blue governs what?

A

wind

161
Q

The color white governs what?

A

xu

162
Q

diagnose: pale white blood vessels in canthus or interior aspect of lower eyelids

A

blood xu

qi and blood xu

163
Q

The color black governs what?

A

water

164
Q

Diagnose: black eye sockets

A

Spleen and Kidney xu

water-dampness

165
Q

Diagnose: drooping eyelids

A

Spleen qi xu

166
Q

Diagnose: incomplete closure of the eyes

A

Spleen xu, qi and blood xu

167
Q

Diagnose: strabismus (eyes not properly aligned)

A

Liver wind

168
Q

Diagnose: styes (eyes)

A

wind heat

Spleen and Stomach heat

169
Q

Diagnose: clear, watery, white nasal discharge

A

invasion of the Lung by wind-cold (nasal congestion with frequent sneezing)

170
Q

Diagnose: thick-yellow or turbid nasal discharges

A

invasion of the Lung by wind-heat

phlegm-heat

171
Q

Diagnose: nosebleed

A

invasion of the Lung by wind-heat

Lung heat, Stomach fire, Liver fire, traumatic injury

172
Q

What part of the body is the open passage to the Lung and Stomach?

A

throat

173
Q

What channel connects to the throat?

A

Kidney channel

174
Q

Diagnose: red, swollen, painful throat

A

excess heat

175
Q

Diagnose: dry, red painful throat

A

heat damaging Lung fluids

176
Q

Diagnose: tender-red, mild pain

A

Kidney yin xu with deficient heat flaring up

177
Q

What describes a normal state of the lips?

A

bright, red, moist

178
Q

Diagnose: red-purple lips

A

heat

179
Q

Diagnose: red and dry lips

A

heat damaging fluids

180
Q

Diagnose: fresh-red lips

A

Yin xu heat

181
Q

Diagnose: pale lips

A

blood xu

182
Q

Diagnose: blue-green lips

A

pain

183
Q

What describes a normal tongue?

A

pale-red, thin white coat, moist

184
Q

Diagnose: pale or white tongue

A

deficiency-cold pattern
excess cold pattern
deficiency or exhaustion of qi and blood

185
Q

Diagnose: red tongue

A

heat pattern

186
Q

Diagnose: bright red, think or fissured tongue, little or no tongue coating

A

deficiency heat pattern

187
Q

Diagnose: bright red, rough or even prickled tongue, a thick yellow, gray or black, and dry tongue coating

A

excess-heat pattern

188
Q

Diagnose: crimson tongue with possible prickles or red spots, a yellow and dry coating

A

excess heat

189
Q

Diagnose: crimson tongue with little coating or without coating, with possible fissures

A

deficiency heat

190
Q

Diagnose: crimson tongue with purple dots

A

blood stasis with heat

191
Q

Diagnose: crimson-purple tongue, dry, possibly with cracks

A

interior heat excess

192
Q

Diagnose: pale-purple, slippery wet tongue

A

interior cold excess

193
Q

Diagnose: blue-green-purple, dim, “stasis macules” of tongue

A

blood stagnation

194
Q

Diagnose: bigger than normal tongue (puffy), or even filling the entire mouth, usually with tooth-marks

A

retention of dampness, phlegm, phlegm-fluid

195
Q

Diagnose: think, small and withered tongue (length, width, depth/thickness)

A

deficiency of both qi and blood (small, pale-red tongue)

yin xu with empty fire (emaciated, dry, crimson/red tongue, and little or no coating)

196
Q

Diagnose: tongue with prominent spots (red, purple, black) commonly seen on the tongue tip and sides

A

toxic-heat entering the blood level (the larger and greater the quantity or prickles, the stronger the heat)

197
Q

Diagnose: bluish-purple or purplish-black patches on tongue

A

blood stasis

198
Q

Diagnose: dry, crimson, scant coat, and cracks on tongue

A

heat damaging yin fluids

199
Q

Diagnose: red, scant coat, and cracks on tongue

A

yin xu

200
Q

Diagnose: pale (red), smooth, cracks

A

blood xu, usually in elderly

201
Q

Diagnose: pale-white tongue with cracks

A

dryness due to blood xu

202
Q

Diagnose: pale-white, wet, slippery white coat; tooth marks on tongue

A

retention of dampess

203
Q

Diagnose: pale (red), smooth tongue with tooth marks

A

Spleen qi xu

204
Q

A stiff tongue exhibits loss of flexibility, difficulty in stretching or retracting, or even rigidity with the inability to move, and slurred speech. What is the patient’s cause of a stiff tongue?

A

Invasion of the pericardium by exuberant pathogenic heat (dark-red or crimson, stiff and dry tongue)

Wind-phlegm obstructing collaterals in the tongue (pale-red or green-blue, puffy and stiff tongue with thick, greasy coating, unconsciousness, deviated mouth and eye, hemiplegia)

205
Q

Diagnose: flaccid tongue (soft without strength, and inability to move easily)

A

xu patterns (yin, qi, and blood, body fluids)

206
Q

Diagnose: trembling tongue (involuntary trembling, rapid movement when extended)

A

Liver wind

207
Q

Diagnose: trembling tongue, crimson, purple and quivering tongue)

A

(exuberant) Heat

208
Q

Diagnose: pale or white, slightly trembling tongue

A

Qi and blood xu

209
Q

Diagnose: red, quivering tongue with little or no tongue coating

A

Yin xu

210
Q

Diagnose: deviated, pale-red tongue, facial paralysis, inability to raise the eyebrows

A

external wind obstructing collaterals

211
Q

Diagnose: purplish-red and deviated tongue, dizziness, numbness, spasms

A

Internal wind

212
Q

How is the tongue coat/fur generated?

A

Stomach qi

213
Q

What describes a normal tongue coat/fur?

A

thin, white, moist

214
Q

Diagnose: white coating of the tongue

A

exterior patterns, cold patterns

215
Q

Diagnose: yellow coating of the tongue

A

heat pattern (shi), interior patterns

216
Q

Diagnose: gray coating of the tongue

A

interior patterns, heat, and cold (all xu)

217
Q

Diagnose: black coating of the tongue

A

interior patterns, extreme heat, and extreme cold

218
Q

Diagnose: slippery tongue coating, excessive fluids on tongue, tendency to flow downward when the tongue is protruded

A

yang xu with retention of phlegm-fluid and water-damp

219
Q

Diagnose: dry tongue coating

A

body fluids damaged by heat
yin xu
yang qi xu failing to steam fluids upward
pathogenic dryness attacking the Lung

220
Q

Diagnose: greasy tongue coating, relatively small and fine particles, sticking together making a shiny surface, can not be scraped away easily

A

exuberance of phlegm-damp which inhibits yang-qi

turbid dampness/phlegm-fluids/food retention/damp-heat

221
Q

Diagnose: curd-like tongue coating, relatively rough, large, granular, loose, and thick, as if bean curd is piled on the surface of the tongue, can easily be scraped away

A

phlegm-dampness without/weakened yang-qi and/or heat (food retention causing damp heat, phlegm dampness with heat)

222
Q

Diagnose: sublingual veins that are purple, black, distended

A

blood stasis

223
Q

Diagnose: sublingual veins that are dark-purple and thin

A

yin xu

224
Q

Diagnose: sublingual veins that are very pale or not visible

A

qi and blood xu

225
Q

Diagnose: sublingual veins that are filmy, creamy

A

dampness

TCM Theory (1 decks)

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