Midterm Vocabulary

Question 1

Solution—buffer water—with which the sample is diluted

Answer 1

Diluent

Question 2

Sub amount of the total

Answer 2

Aliquot

Question 3

How diluted a solution is compared with the starting solution of the same composition
DF = final volume/aliquot volume used

Answer 3

Dilution factor

Question 4

Solution is kept at high concentration and made in large quantities, ready to be used for multiple protocols after correct dilution

Answer 4

Stock solution

Question 5

Solution that is at the concentration needed for the experiment

Answer 5

Working solution

Question 6

Starting from a stock solution, making a series of dilution using aliquots from each new dilution to make the next dilution

Answer 6

Serial dilution

Question 7

Total volume of the solution

FV = aliquot + diluent

Answer 7

Final volume

Question 8

Common buffer for storing DNA; Tris-EDTA

Answer 8

TE

Question 9

About 22°C

Answer 9

Room temperature

Question 10

Common base used to raise pH; sodium hydroxide

Answer 10

NaOH

Question 11

Ethanol

Answer 11

EtOH

Question 12

Nuclease that will break phosphodiester bonds between RNA nucleotides

Answer 12

RNase

Question 13

Nuclease specific for DNA

Answer 13

DNAase

Question 14

Series of specifically sized linear DNA used as reference markers when running a DNA gel

Answer 14

Ladder

Question 15

Chelating agent, can sequester positive ions preventing them from acting as cofactors for enzymes; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Answer 15

EDTA

Question 16

Combination of DNA from two different sources; usually refers to a plasmid carrying a DNA sequence from another animal; basis for genetic engineering

Answer 16

Recombinant

Question 17

Small circular piece of DNA that exists and replicates independently of the genomic DNA and bacterial cell cycle

Answer 17

Plasmid DNA

Question 18

To remove by washing a solute from a stationary phase by dissolving into a solvent

Answer 18

Elute

Question 19

Using a small molecule to bind proteins and structure together thereby holding the cell or tissue in a stable state

Answer 19

Cross-link

Question 20

To make holes in structure; in molecular biology, usually refers to making holes in plasma membrane

Answer 20

Permeabilize

Question 21

Visualizing cell structures or proteins using an antibody that has been conjugated to a fluorescent molecule

Answer 21

Immunofluorescence

Question 22

An oligonucleotide conjugated to an enzyme or fluorescent molecule used to detect nucleic acids with complementary sequence

Answer 22

DNA Probe

Question 23

Molecule with high hydrophobicity that is able to integrate and dissociate cellular membranes thus creating holes

Answer 23

Detergent

Question 24

Molecule with excitable electrons such that with appropriate wavelength and filters where the energy emitted when the electron returns to ground state can be seen

Answer 24

Fluorophore

Question 25

Family of proteins that are upregulated when a cell is stress

Answer 25

Heat shock proteins

Question 26

Model system used to study DNA replication, transcription, protein expression, stress response and used as a tool in biotechnology to amplify DNA, clone, and experts exogenous protein; a prokaryote

Answer 26

E. coli

Question 27

Increase in gene expression

Answer 27

Induction

Question 28

Decrease in gene expression

Answer 28

Repression

Question 29

Experiment in which the data is collected at successive time periods

Answer 29

Time course

Question 30

Eukaryotic cell often used for research on cell cycle, cell signaling, response to growth factors and chemical inhibitors or signaling and growth; a human cell

Answer 30

HeLa cells

Question 31

Weight of one of hydrogen atom or 1/12 of a carbon atom

Answer 31

Dalton

Question 32

To unfold in protein chemistry, losing 2° and 3° structure

Answer 32

Denature

Question 33

Eukaryotic cell that is part of the connective tissue cell family; due to being highly responsive to varied extracellular signals able to grow and thrive individually, able to tolerate injury, it is a common choice for in vitro work; mouse, rat, human are most common

Answer 33

Fibroblast cells

Question 34

Membrane labeled with an antibody against a specific protein

Answer 34

Western blot

Question 35

Enzyme often used in combination with NBT/BCIP to produce a precipitate visible with white light; works best at a pH > 8.0; alkaline phosphatase

Answer 35

AP

Question 36

Antibody that binds to constant regions of other antibodies often including method of visualization such as enzyme or fluorescent molecules

Answer 36

2° antibody

Question 37

Antibody that binds to the specific protein of interest

Answer 37

1° antibody

Question 38

Attached with a covalent bond

Answer 38

Conjugation

Question 39

Temperature of a household freezer

Answer 39

-20°C

Question 40

Temperature of a household refrigerator

Answer 40

4°C

Question 41

Common incubation temperature for enzymes; body temperature

Answer 41

37°C

Question 42

Considered to be room temperature

Answer 42

22°C

Question 43

Use for storage of cells, RNA, plasmid stocks, and long-term storage of most other molecular reagents, cells, and tissues; deep freeze

Answer 43

-80°C