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Jonathan Galeas Global 9 > Midterm Vocabulary > Flashcards

Midterm Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Monsoon

A

Def: the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter

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2
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Def:a serious, sometimes fatal, infection with the bacterial toxin Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from infected rodents and characterized by high fever, weakness, and the formation of buboes, esp. in the groin and armpits

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3
Q

Hinduism

A

Def: the common religion of India, many popular cults, and a large pantheon symbolizing the many attributes of a single god

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4
Q

Buddhism

A

Def: the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth

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5
Q

Reincarnation

A

Def: rebirth of the soul in another body

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6
Q

Moksha

A

Def: Hinduism freedom from the endless cycle of transmigration into a state of bliss

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7
Q

Nirvana

A

Def: Buddhism The ineffable ultimate in which one has attained disinterested wisdom and compassion.

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8
Q

Eightfold Path

A

Def: the principal teachings of the Buddha, who described it as the way leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha) and the achievement of self-awakening

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9
Q

Sanskrit

A

Def: is a historical Indo-Aryan language, the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and a literary and scholarly language in Buddhism and Jainism

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10
Q

Caste System

A

Def: a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution

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11
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

Def: the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc.—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another

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12
Q

Judaism

A

Def: the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people

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13
Q

Christianity

A

Def: a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament

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14
Q

Islam

A

Def: a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God and by the teachings and normative example of Muhammed, considered by them to be the last prophet of God

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15
Q

Ten Commandments

A

Def: a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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16
Q

Five Pillars

A

Def: five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life

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17
Q

Torah

A

Def: a central concept in the Jewish tradition

18
Q

Animism

A

Def: the religious worldview that natural physical entities,including animals, plants, and often even inanimate objects or phenomena and possess a spiritual essence

19
Q

Shintoism

A

Def: the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the people of Japan

20
Q

Four Noble Truths

A

Def: the central doctrine of the Buddhist tradition, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for all of Buddhist thought

21
Q

Polytheism

A

Def: the worship or belief in multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals

22
Q

Monotheism

A

Def: the existence of one god or in the oneness of God

23
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

Def: a well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC

24
Q

Brahma

A

Def: the Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimūrti, the others being Viṣņu and Śiva

25
Q

Dharma

A

Def: the Law that “upholds, supports or maintains the regulatory order of the universe”

26
Q

Silk Road

A

Def: a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa

27
Q

Middle Kingdom

A

Def: period of Egyptian history extending from the late 11th to the 13th dynasty

28
Q

Confucianism

A

Def: an ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius

29
Q

Pax Romana

A

Def: the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD

30
Q

Guilds

A

Def: is an association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town

31
Q

Democracy

A

Def:va form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws

32
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Def: a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system. Logographic scripts that are pictographic in form in a way reminiscent of ancient Egyptian

33
Q

Cuneiform

A

Def: one of the earliest known systems of writing,[1] distinguished by its “wedge-shaped” marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus

34
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Def: a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, and the Nile Valley and Nile Delta of northeast Africa

35
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Def: a former Greek Orthodox patriarchal basilica (church), later an imperial mosque

36
Q

Justinian’s Code

A

Def: the result of Emperor Justinian’s desire that existing Roman law be collected into a simple and clear system of laws, or “code.”

37
Q

Terrace Farming

A

Def: a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming

38
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

Def: a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 16th century until the early 18th century

39
Q

Chivalry

A

Def: the traditional code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood

40
Q

One Hundred Years War

A

Def: a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France for control of the French throne

41
Q

Manorialism

A

Def: the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire

Jonathan Galeas Global 9 (1 decks)

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