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CCP 4 Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Lecture > MIDTERM | Transcription, Translation, And Mutation > Flashcards

MIDTERM | Transcription, Translation, And Mutation Flashcards

1
Q

the process of synthesizing mRNA from genomic DNA

A

Transcription

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2
Q

the process in which information encoded in the DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

A

Transcription

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3
Q

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Enzyme

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4
Q

is the basic unit of heredity. It is a part of the DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins including its regulation.

A

Gene

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5
Q

the portion of the DNA which controls gene expression

A

Regulatory Gene

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6
Q

the portion of the DNA which is transcribes into mRNA

A

Structural Gene

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7
Q

RNA is initially synthesized using a DNA template in the process called ____

A

Transcription

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8
Q

____ is initially synthesized using a DNA template in the process called transcription

A

RNA

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9
Q

All four ribonucleoside triphosphates

A

ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP

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10
Q

True or False?

A primer is not needed in RNA synthesis, but a DNA template is required.

A

True

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11
Q

Parts of Transcription

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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12
Q

scans the DNA molecule and binds at the promoter region

A

TATA binding proteins

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13
Q

binds to the promoter region and other Transcription Factors are recruited

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

Transcription will start upon clearance by

A

transcription factors and enhancer molecules

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15
Q

binds to promoter region recruiting the
RNA polymerase in the close promoter complex.

A

Sigma factor

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16
Q

In RNA Splicing, expressed DNA sequences are called

A

exons

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17
Q

In RNA Splicing, intervening DNA sequences that are not expressed are called

A

introns

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18
Q

The synthesis of polypeptides using the mRNA transcript as the template.

A

Translation

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19
Q

is composed of 3 bases in the mRNA which encode an amino acid

A

Codon

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20
Q

is composed of 3 bases in the tRNA which is complementary to the codon

A

Anti-Codon

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21
Q

A codon relates the genetic information to an amino which can be deciphered using the ________

A

Genetic Code

22
Q

KEY FEATURES OF THE GENETIC CODE

A
  1. Triplet
  2. Nonoverlapping
  3. Commaless
  4. Degenerate
  5. Universal
23
Q

Parts of Elongation

A
  1. aa-tRNA binding
  2. Peptide bond formation
  3. Translocation
24
Q

Initiated by termination sequences __________

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

25
Q

Release factors binds to the A site initiating the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide and disassembly of the ribosome complex

A

Termination

26
Q

Covalent modifications or introduction of organic moieties to the polypeptide

A

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

27
Q

In ______ , initiation factors, ribosomes (30S and 50S) and f-met tRNA bind to the mRNA.

A

chain initiation

28
Q

Steps in Translation

A

Amino acid activation => Chain initiation => Chain elongation (repeated many times) => Chain termination

29
Q

tRNA is charged with the amino acid at the 3’ end

A

Amino acid activation

30
Q

This tail protects the mRNA from nucleases and phosphatases

A

A polyadenylate “tail”

31
Q

A polyadenylate “tail” that is usually ______ nucleotides long, is added to the 3’ end before the mRNA leaves the nucleus.

A

100-200

32
Q

is made up of snRNAs

A

Spliceosome

33
Q

are separated by intervening intron

A

Exons

34
Q

True or False?

Eukaryote genes frequently contain intervening base sequences that appear in the final mRNA of that gene product.

A

False. “ do not appear in the final…”

35
Q

Function of 5’cap:

A

• Prevents 5’ end from being digested
• Aids in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus
• Plays a role in the initiation of mRNA translation

36
Q

is any event where there is a change in the sequence of the bases of the DNA molecule

A

Mutation

37
Q

Usually a heritable phenomenon which happen during DNA replication

A

Mutation

38
Q

single nucleotide changes

A

Point mutation

39
Q

Types of Mutation

A

1) Point Mutation
2) Frameshift Mutation

40
Q

addition or removal of two or more bases in the DNA.

A

Frameshift Mutation

41
Q

Two types of point mutation

A

Transition and Transversion

42
Q

Two types of Frameshift mutation

A

Insertion and Deletion

43
Q

purine to purine substitution/ pyrimidine to pyrimidine

A

Transition

44
Q

purine to pyrimidine/ pyrimidine to purine

A

Transversion

45
Q

addition of bases in the DNA causing a shift in the reading frame

A

Insertion

46
Q

removal of bases in the DNA causing a shift in the reading frame

A

Deletion

47
Q

Types of Mutagens

A

1) Physical mutagens
2) Chemical agents

48
Q

Types of Mutations (At the DNA Level)

A

1) Substitution
2) Deletions
3) Insertion
4) Inversions

49
Q

“ionizing radiation”

what types of mutagens?

A

Physical Mutagen

50
Q

“UV light”

What type of mutagens?

A

Physical mutagens

CCP 4 Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Lecture (2 decks)

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