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Remex 2 > Midterm Theory Review > Flashcards

Midterm Theory Review Flashcards

1
Q

Do you think Passive Relaxed ROM is used to increase joint nutrition?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Someone is having a painful joint, what grade of joint mob is appropriate/safe for this without doing any further assessment?

A

Grade one, oscillatory. To help reduce SNS firing in the joint.
(Grade 2 is also used for assesment)

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3
Q

In regards to stretching and strengthening, the force is applied to the distal end of the moving segment?

A

True!

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4
Q

Writing with a pen is an example of what? When it comes to the hand

A

A precision movement/ pattern

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5
Q

At what level of lumbar flexion do your extensor muscles start to relax? What degree?

A

45 degrees

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6
Q

Proximal segment needs to be stabilized?

A

Yes, true

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7
Q

T or F, the client is encouraged to continue breathing during stretching and strengthening??

A

TRUE strengthening is more important.

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8
Q

Comparing strengthening and stretching, would you say that the amount of time you hold the stretch or a strengthen is the same?

A

Different! Stretch is 30 seconds. Unless it’s painful. An AIT is ten seconds then 30 seconds.
Strengthening is 2-3 sets 8-10reps for 10 seconds

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9
Q

T or F: Flexion and extension are examples of accessory movements??

A

FALSE

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10
Q

T or F: accessory movements are necessary for physiological movement?

A

TRUE

EX: GH joint! The scapula rotation during abduction to allow full rotation

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11
Q

Accessory movements are sometimes unnecessary?

A

True!

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12
Q

Is joint play an example of physiological movement?

A
  • No because physiological movement is natural, and joint play is what we do.
  • Slide vs a Glide: glide is what we do and a slide is the equivalent of it.
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13
Q

When you are considering resistance exercise for a client what are some things you need to keep in mind other than their condition?

A

Blood pressure, heart rate, medications, capability, comprehension, age related factors, meaning extensibility of tissue, maybe rather than resistance you would get them to go through a range of motion

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14
Q

EX: if someone has a right side hip hike, what is the physiological movement of the hip that’s occurring?

A

ADDuction of the leg.

Pelvis is rotating on the head of femur.

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15
Q

When you have a lateral pelvic tilt, which iliac crest does the lumbar spine bend towards?

A

The elevated one

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16
Q

If you were doing agonist contraction to rectus femoris, what muscle is contracting?

A

Glute max and hamstrings, same in the reverse.

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17
Q

In context of GH joint mobilizations: a posterior glide would increase?

A

Flexion

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18
Q

In context of GH joint mobilizations: a anterior glide would increase?

A

Extension

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19
Q

In the first carpometacarpal joint, how would you increase extension? Radial glide Flexion?

A

Ulnar glide

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20
Q

Mobilizing the medial end of the clavicle at the SC joint inferiorly would increase what scapular movement?

A

Elevation

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21
Q

How do you stretch the biceps brachii vs the coracobrachialis?

A
  • Action of coracobrachialis: assist in flexion and adduction at the GH joint.
  • Action of biceps: flexion of the elbow and flexion of the shoulder.

What’s unique about their attachments when it comes to the joints they cross?

  • Coracobrachialis: cross the shoulder
  • Biceps brachii: cross the shoulder and the elbow.
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22
Q

What other muscle in that area has a similar stretch position to the above muscles but is different?

A

Brachialis! Only the elbow.

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23
Q

The humeroulnar joint: what direction would the glide be to increase extension?

A

ULNARLY extension of the elbow also means VALGUS.

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24
Q

Know glides of joints!!

A

!!

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25
Q

There are three different muscles that come from three different groupings of the body…
What is an attachment that sartorius as well as other muscles in the thigh attach to?? And what are the other muscles?

A

Pes Anserine! The other muscles are Gracilis and semitendinous, and Sartorius.

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26
Q

What is pes anserine? Where is it located?

A

Medial tibial condyle

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27
Q

What is a unique feature of sartorius in comparison of other muscles in the body?

A

It’s the longest muscle in the body? Its origin is ASIS.

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28
Q

Know the O’s and I’s of sartorius

A
  • Origin: ASIS
  • Insertion: medial tibial condyle

-Action: flexes, lat rot, abducts the thigh, flexes knee
Innervation: femoral

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29
Q

Know the ligaments at the AC joint and what movements they limit.

A

Acromioclavicular, joins acromion to clavicle and strengthens the superior aspect of joint

Coracoclavicular ligament:
- Conoid attaches coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle

  • Trapezoid attaches superior coracoid process to the trapezoid line on inferior clavicle.
  • TOGETHER they support the acromioclavicular joint. A passive attachment of scapula & upper limb from clavicle.
  • These ligaments contribute to horizontal stability, making them crucial for preventing superior dislocation of the AC Joint. Both portions also limit rotation of the scapula.
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30
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A

External rotation

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31
Q

Which of the four gluteal muscles?

A

1) Piriformis
2) Gluteus maximus
3) Medius
4) Minimus

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32
Q

How would you stretch Piriformis?

A

Internal Rotation

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33
Q

How would you stretch glute max?

A

Internal Rotation

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34
Q

What muscles are being streatch when the Hip externally rotated and adduction

A

Medius and Minimums (Both abduct the thigh and internally rotate)

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35
Q

T or F: Supraspinatus minimizes the inferior slide of the humeral head when the deltoid contracts.

A

True

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36
Q

T or F the biceps long head tendon helps stabilize the anterior portion of the GH joint:

A

True

Attaches to supraglenoid tubercle and the Short head goes to the coracoid process

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37
Q

T or F: the orientation of the glenoid fossa and the glenoid labrum, provide some stability to the GH joint?

A

TRUE glenoid fossa is angled towards your acromion

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38
Q

How do you stretch the levator scapula?

A

Smelling your armpit: Contra lat flexion, contralateral rotation, flexion

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39
Q

When it comes to the shoulder abduction what does a large percentage of movement come from? GH or scap?

A

GH joint

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40
Q

What range does posterior glide improve in the GH joint?

What range does anterior glide improve?

A

Posterior improves: internal rotation and flexion

Anterior improves External rotation and extension

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41
Q

Action of Teres minor:

A

External Rotation

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42
Q

What is scaption? Movement of the humerus in the scapular plane. Which ROM moves through the scapular plane?

A

Abduction

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43
Q

What are the Os and Is of pectoralis minor?

A
  • O: Ribs 3-5 anterior surface
  • I : Coracoid process
  • Action: protraction and stabilizing of the scapula.
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44
Q

What type of a joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint

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45
Q

Action of extensor digitorum

A

Extension of wrist and digits

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46
Q

Know various glides to the proximal radio ulnar joint do

A

Abduction/ Supination: Volar glide.

Adduction/ Pronation: Dorsal glide

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47
Q

What is the open pact (resting position) for the humeroulnar joint?

A

70 degrees of flexion and 10 degrees supination

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48
Q

When doing a lumbar spine traction what is the position of the hips?

A

(closed pact at hip) Open pact is 30 flexion 30 abduction

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49
Q

What’s the action of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of the thumb

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50
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexion of wrist, MCP joint, PIP joint, and weak elbow flexion

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51
Q

What is the action of Profundis

A

flexion of the MCP, PIP, DIP, weak wrist flexion. (Only muscle to flex DIPS)

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52
Q

What is the action of the interossei muscles?

A

palmar group- adduction of digits. Dorsal group: abduction of digits PAD DAB

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53
Q

What do Adductor Pollicus, Flexor Digitorum Superficials, Profundis, Interossei Muscle do collectively?

A

They let you pick things up precisely like a pincient grip!

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54
Q

The PSIS moves posteriorly and inferiorly during which pelvic tilt?

A

Posterior

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55
Q

In a neutral pelvis the ASIS is higher or lower than PSIS?

A

Higher

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56
Q

In an anterior pelvic tilt, are ASIS higher or lower than PSIS?

A

They are level

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57
Q

What is the clinical significance of a weak glute med?

A

Trendelenburg hip drops

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58
Q

The lateral collateral ligament of the elbow protects you against?

A

Varus Stress

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59
Q

What is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Keeps the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove (intrat vicular notch)

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60
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

Keeps the radial head seated in its notch

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61
Q

Considering the humeral radial joint which bone of this bone is concave and which is convex?

A 
Concave= Radius 
Convex= Humerus
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62
Q

Out of your four digits, which does not adduct or abduct?

A

The third

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63
Q

What is the resting position for the SC joint?

A

Relaxed posture arms by your side

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64
Q

Know which carpals move during ulnar and radial deviation.

A
  • Convex- capitate and hamate
  • Concave- scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
  • (Slide opposite direction with flexion and extension, radio and owner deviation)
  • Concave-trapezium and trapezoid
  • Slide same direction with flexion and extension
  • Trapezoid is bound to capitate - cannot slide in different directions during radial and ulnar deviation.

-Therefore, trapezium and trapezoid slide in a posterior direction with radial deviation and an anterior direction with ulnar deviation

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65
Q

Lumbo pelvic rhythm! Your erector spinae contract until about 45 degrees, then they relax. What happens is what order?

A

Coordinated movement of the lumbar spine and pelvis occur during maximum forward bending of the trunk.

1) Head and upper trunk initiate flexion
2) Pelvis shifts posteriorly to maintain centre of gravity
3) Trunk continues to forward bend- eccentric contraction of extensor muscle of spine until 45°
4) Posterior lateral ligaments becomes taut, Facet joints approximate (stability at enter vertebral joints, and muscles relax)
5) Pelvis begins to rotate forward - anterior pelvic tilt - eccentric contraction of hamstrings and gluteus maximus.
6) Pelvic rotation continues until muscles reach full length
7) Limited by flexibility of various back extensors.

  • Returning to upright position:
  • Hip extensor muscle rotating the pelvis posterior.
  • Back extensors contracting extending the spine from the lumbar region upward.
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66
Q

Agonist Contraction is a technique that involves contraction of which muscle group?

A

The opposite, opposing

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67
Q

Does concave bone moving on convex slide in opposite or same direction to its swing?

A

Same!

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68
Q

Stretch that you stay in one position for a set time. You are able to relax your body while partner, asccessory or prop intensifies the stretch by putting external pressure on your body.

A

Passive Stretch

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69
Q

Does Convex bone moving on Concave bone slide in the same or opposite direction to swing?

A

Opposite

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70
Q

Do you think AF ROM can increase muscle strength?

A

It maintains strength

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71
Q

Can AF ROM help prevent or lessen muscle Atrophy

A

Prevent Atrophy

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72
Q

Can PR ROM prevent or lessen muscle atrophy?

A

No it deals with fluid of the joint not muscle

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73
Q

Can PR ROM help decrease pain?

A
74
Q

Muscle spindles control the what of a muscle?

A

Length (stretch receptor)

75
Q

If a cx has muscle spasm what type of stretch is appropriate

A

Agonist Contraction

76
Q

In which direction will the radius slide in the distal radioulnar joint during pronation

A

Anteriorly

77
Q

If client has a painful shoulder joint what technique is safe?

A

Joint Distraction

78
Q

What peripheral joint mobilization is used to assess the joint?

A

Grade 2 Distraction

79
Q

How would you stretch Gracillis

A

Hip Abduction and Knee Extension

80
Q

How would you stretch Tibialis Anterior

A

Evert the foot and plantar flex

81
Q

Hold-relax uses what type of contraction?

A

Isometric

82
Q

Contract-relax uses what type of contraction?

A

Isotonic

83
Q

If your stretching a muscle and it has a soft tissue stretch what end feel could you perform on client?

A

Hold relax ROM

84
Q

Voluntary contraction and relaxation skeletal muscles without changing the muscle length or moving the associated part of the body

A

Muscle Setting

85
Q

Amount of tension or force that can be developed in a muscle. Ability of contractile tissue to produce tension

A

Strength

86
Q

Your back feels relief when you bend forward or round you back like if you had facet joint irritation or spinal stenosis

A

Flexion Bias

87
Q

ROM is insufficient due to limitation in muscle length

A

Passive insufficiency

88
Q

Contraction is insufficient due to limitation in muscle length

A

Active insufficiency

89
Q

Science of movement

A

Kinesiology

90
Q

Science of movement

A

Kinesiology

91
Q

Where is your tibiofemoral joint located?

A

On tibial and femur joint (knee)

92
Q

What muscle would you strengthen if you need to maintain muscle strength in flexion of the tibiofemoral joint

A
93
Q

What muscle would you strengthen if you need to maintain muscle strength in flexion of tibiofemoral joint

A

Hamstring

94
Q

How can you isometically strengthen rhomboids

A

Pinch your shoulders

95
Q

In protective phase for inflammatory conditions What is beneficial for healing

A

Pain free movement

96
Q

Do not want to restore full ROM in maximum protection phase

A

No

97
Q

GH impingement, bursitis , tendinitis, protective phase What exercise can you do?

A

Pendulum swings no weight

98
Q

What can friction tecnhiques do to the tissue for the healing process

A

Help break up scar tissue

99
Q

If a client has steppage Gait what muscle is weak? What is action to strengthen this muscle?

A

Tib anterior

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

100
Q

Would you stretch a swollen and inflamed muscle

A

No

101
Q

What action are involved in supination of the foot

A

1, Plantarflexion

  1. Adductor
  2. Evert
102
Q

What muscle causes shin splints

A

Tib posterior

103
Q

When do you not do pendulum exercise in shoulder

A

Dislocated shoulder

104
Q

How do you stretch triceps

A

Flex elbow and gh joint

105
Q

What direction do humerus slide when gh extension is performed

A

Ant- head

Post - bone

106
Q

In which direction would you mobilize the 1st CMC joint increase extension

A

Radial

107
Q

What direction would you mobilize the 1st CMC joint increase flexion

A

Ulnar

108
Q

Isomeric does what?

A

Maintain mm strength

109
Q

Isotonic does what?

A

More stability, balance, increase strength

110
Q

Negative reaction to strengthening

A

DOMS and soreness

111
Q

When stretching and strengthening you stabilize at the proximal end and where would the force be applied of the moving segement

A

Distal end

112
Q

If your client has tight GL and is hiked up on right side would your hip also be adducted on right or abducted on right

A

Pelvis hike and hip adduct on right side

113
Q

GH joint rule?

A

Convex on cancave

114
Q

What way do the humerus slide when GH joint extension is performed

A

Anteriorly

115
Q

How to increase General mobility to AC joint

A

Anterior glide

116
Q

To increase flexion of humeroulnar joint you would do what glide

A

Distal (scoop)

117
Q

Humeroulnar joint increase valgus (extension)

A

Ulnar

118
Q

Humeroulnar increase varus flexion

A

Radial

119
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint rule

A

Convex on cancave

120
Q

Increase dorsal and volatility glide prox radiaoulnar

A

Dorsal: post-pronate
Volar: ant-sup

121
Q

Distal radioulnar joint rule
Increase dorsal glide
Increase volar glide

A

Concave on convex
Dorsal glide: supinate
Volar glide: pronate

122
Q

Radiocarpal joint: wrist joint

A

Increase dorsal: ant flex
Volar: post ext
Radial : ulnar dev
Ulnar: radial dev

Radiocarpal joint does flexion and extension, ulnar and radial dev

123
Q

Is distal radioulnar joint considered part of wrist

A

No

124
Q

Outer end of clavicle is held in alignment with the acromion by the ?

A

Acrominoclavicular ligament
Coraclavicular ligament

*restricts vertical or elevation of lateral clavicle

125
Q

How would you strengthen glute medius

A

Abduct leg and medially rotate

126
Q

Long head of bicep stablizes against humeral?

A

Elevation (ant portion)

127
Q

When arm is in resting position the inferior and anterior portion of joint capsule are lax and superior position is taut rotator cuff mm reinforce the joint capsule superior, posterior, anterior

A

Just know this

128
Q

GH joint joint rule

A 
Convex on concave 
Increase:
Flexion: Post glide
Extension:  Ant glide
Abduction: inferior
External: anterior
Internal: posterior
129
Q

What is scaption

A

30* horizontal abduction and ratio is 2:1

130
Q

To strengthen pec major what would you do

A

Internal rotation and adduction

131
Q

Deltoid mm causes what kind of translation of humerus I unopposed

A

Upward translation

132
Q

Rotator cuff mm stabilize compressive forces a ————- translation of GH

A

Downward

133
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint

A

Modified hinge

134
Q

What type of joint are proximal/distal radioulnar

A

Pivot

135
Q

What type of joint is the GH

A

Ball and socket

136
Q

Why do the humerus externally rotate with elevation

A

For clearance of greater tubercle

137
Q

How do you stretch extensor digitorum

A

Flex 2-5 MCP digits

138
Q

How would you stretch subcap

A

Lateral rotation of GH

139
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint rule

A

Convex on concave

140
Q

Distal radioulnar joint rule

A

Concave on convex

141
Q

Increase wrist flexion of wrist at Radiocarpal joint What glide would you do

A

Dorsal

142
Q

What joint of the wrist/hand do ulnar/radial dev occur

A

Radiocarpal

143
Q

Radiocarpal joint rule

A

Convex on concave

144
Q

What joint is considered your wrist joint

A

Radiocarpal

145
Q

What mm do you use pinch grip

A

Add pollicus, flex digit, supination an pronation, interosssi, lumbar, thenar emminence

146
Q

Cup shaped rim of cartilage that lines and reinforces ball and socket such as hip and shoulder

A

Labrum

147
Q

What elbow lig supports valgus stress

A

MLC

148
Q

What elbow ligament supports elbow against varus stress

A

LCL

149
Q

Is surface of radius in humeroradial joint concave or convex

A

Radius is concave

Humerus is convex

150
Q

Which digit has most movement

A

5th

151
Q

What glide to improve extension/external rotation of Gh joint

A

Anterior

152
Q

Which digit has second most movement

A

4th

153
Q

Why do trapezoid move with capitate during radial and ulnar devi

A

Trap is bound to capitate

154
Q

What digit has least movement

A

3rd

155
Q

Know muscles LP 7-8 pg 8

A
156
Q

bony structures, ligaments, glenoid labrum, capsule (adhesive and cohesive forces in the joint)

A

Static

157
Q

tendons of the rotator cuff aid in tightening static structures, when the muscles contract it provides?

A

Dynamic stability

158
Q

What muscle help stabilize scapula

A

upper trapezius
Serratus anterior
rhomboids
middle trapezius.

159
Q

The first 30 degrees of upward rotation of scapula occurs with elevation of the clavicle
at the SC joint

A

Clavicle elevation and rotation

160
Q

stabilizing compressive forces and downward translation of GH

A

Shortening of rotator cuff mm

161
Q

compressive and upward translation on the humerus

A

Supraspinatus

162
Q

Trapezius

A 
O: 
medial 1/3 of SNL
Inion
NL
SP C7-T12

I:
Lateral 1/3 clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

A:
Sup: 
Ipsilat flex, rotate scapula sup., contralat rotation
Mid: 
Retract scapula
Inf: 
Depress scapula
163
Q

Levator scapula

A

O:
TVP C1-C4

I:
Sup. Med. border of scapula

A:
Elevate scapula
Inf. rotation scapula
Ipsilat lat flex
Rotation of neck
164
Q

Lattismus Dorsi

A

O:
SP T6-T12
Iliac crest
Rib 8-12

I:
Floor of bicipital groove

A:
Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation

165
Q

Teres Major

A

O:
Post inf angle of scapula

I:
Med lip of biciptal groove at ant surface under arm

A:
Adduct and medial rotate shoulder

166
Q

Teres Minor

A

O:
Upper 2/3 lat border scapula

I:
Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)

A:
Lat rotate shoulder
Abduct shoulder

167
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula

I:
Middle facet of greater tubercle

A:
Lat rotate shoulder
Abduct shoulder

168
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O:
Supraspinatus fossa of scapula

I:
Superior facet greater tubercle

A:
Abduct shoulder

169
Q

Subscapularis

A

O:
Subscauplar fossa of scapula

I:
Lesser tubercle of humerus

A:
Med rotate shoulder

170
Q

Pec Major

A

O:
CH: Ant med half of clavicle
SH: Ant sternum, sup 6 costal cartilage, aponeurosis external obliques

I:
Lat lip bicipital groove

A:
Adduct and medially rotate shoulder
CH: flex shoulder
SH: extend shoulder from flexed position

171
Q

Pec Minor

A

O:
Rib 3-5 near costal cartilage

I:
Coracoid process

A: stablize scapula drawing inferior and anterior

172
Q

Deltoid

A

O:
Lat 1/3 clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

I:
Deltoid tuberosity

A:
Abduct shoulder

173
Q

T or F: any condition or injury resulting in elbow dysfunction and a result in loss of ROM
will affect one’s ADL’s.
Is flexion or extension most affected?

A

True

Flexion is most affected

174
Q

Biceps brachii

A 
O:
SH: 
Coracoid process 
LH:
Supraglenoid tubercle

I:
Radial tuberosity

A:
Flex elbow
Supinate foresrm
Flex shoulder

175
Q

Brachialis

A

O:
Distal 1/2 of ant surface of humerus

I:
Ulner tuberosity
Coronoid process

A:
Flex elbow

176
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O:
Prox 2/3 lat supracondylsr ridge of humerus

I:
Stolid process of radius

A:
Flex elbow
Assist pronate and supinate

177
Q

Triceps

A 
O:
LH:
Infraglenoid tubercle
LatH:
Post surface prox half humerus
MH: 
Post surface distal half humerus

I:
Olceranon

A:
Extend elbow
Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder

178
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O:
Common flexor tendon of med epicondlye of humerus
Coronoid process of ulna

I:
Middle lat surface of radius

A:
Pronate forearm

179
Q

Pronator Quatratus

A

O:
Med ant surface of distal ulna

I:
Lat ant surface of didtsl radius

A:
Pronate forearm

180
Q

Supinator

A

O:
Lat epicondyle of humerus

I:
Ant lat surface proximal 1/3 of radial shaft

A:
Supinate forearm

181
Q

What is the strongest hip ligament?

A

Iliofemoral

Remex 2 (2 decks)

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