Midterm test review Flashcards
What actors are trying to achieve is known as:
Purpose
Different theories/theorists define “power” and how it is yielded differently? T/F
True
What is the three purpose of a theory?
Explanation, Prediction, Prescription
Power can be defined in basic terms as:
The ability of an actor to achieve goals
Can normative theories change culture to culture? Y/N
Yes
What is the three history influence contemporary IR/politics according to the book?
Provides analogies, Determines ideas of right/wrong, Provides data
What does a theory do?
Endeavor to explain comparable events
In IR, there is always (1) concrete answer to a problem. T/F
False
In IR, what does a normative theory do?
Explain the purpose of political actions
What are the 3 levels of analysis?
State, System, Individual
Institutions try to ameliorate the negatives of anarchy by:
Creating agreed upon norms, rules and practices
Liberalism views IR as a zero-sum game, this means these theorists believe that gains for one side will result in losses for the other. T/F
False
Realism sees international politics as guided by moral limits. T/F
False
When will war break out according to Hegemonic Stability Theory?
When the dominant position of the leader erodes
What are 2 realist theory?
The Hegemonic Stability Theory, The Balance of Power Theory
In Liberal Institutionalist Theory, cooperation is a result of:
Rational pursuit of self-interest
In realism, “rational” means
Calculating the costs and benefits for maximum utility
In Liberalism, the security dilemma incentivizes countries to:
Find a way out and negotiate
While realism focuses on__ liberalism focuses on__ as the central actor.
The state, many actors
A theoretical approach to a problem with agrees on assumptions and debates that is shared by a group is known as:
Paradigm
In Marxism, the__ own capital/ means of production and the __ are the working class.
Bourgeoisie, proletariat
In order for children’s poverty to be reduced, who should be targeted for aid programs? This is predominantly looking at under developed countries but can be found applicable globally
Women
When norms are violated, constructivists contend that:
The violator loses influence with the others
Feminist empiricism endeavors to analyze (and quantify):
How international politics influence traditionally female spheres
When is it easier for a government to gain support to intervene in a sovereign state?
When there are humanitarian reasons
Maintaining poverty is interests of the workers. T/F
False
Feminism asserts that “human nature” has been confused with “masculine nature”. T/F
True
Where do a state’s interests originate/come from?
Social construction by politicians
According to constructivists, why is capitalism hard to overthrow?
Ideas and norms suggest that capitalism is neutral and fair
Unlike most other theories in IR, constructivism focuses on:
The goals that actors pursue
Post-modern theorists believe that categories for analysis, such as “masculine” or “feminine” are:
Artificial constructions
Marxism believes that ideas of religion or nationalism distract people from reality and their class interests. T/F
True
In economic structuralism, why does the book make the statement, “economic inequality is a double evil”?
Political power is built on economic power, which creates poverty and leads to political inequality
In feminist theory, why is “gender” used instead of “sex”?
Because gender ascribes certain roles to makes and females that then impact politic
Constructivists believe that identities are static (unchanging) T/F
False
Appeasement was used as the world approached WWII by Neville Chamberlain in order to:
Avoid war
A system in which no single actor is dominant and no state can gain enough power to conquer the others is known as:
Balance of power
The goal of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) at its inception was to do what with tariffs?
Lower them
What are the three following issues faced when drawing or redrawing borders at the colonial, neo-colonial or decolonization times?
Multiple linguistic groups, ethnic groups, national identities
The premise of a collective security agreement is:
All of the answer
The situation during the Cold War that ensured that both countries would be destroyed following a surprise attack was known as:
Mutually Assured Destruction
The Bretton Woods Economic System spurred rapid economic growth for:
Advanced industrial states
What are the 2 main questions being asked about global governance and politics in the new world order?
What is the importance of multilaterlism versus unilateralism in combating terrorism/ What is the role of traditional warfare versus less violent action in combating terrorism?
The predecessor to the League of Nations and United Nations was:
The Concert of Europe
Which of the following is not a goal of a proxy war?
End the war
In order for a state to be considered a state in the world system, it needs
To be recognized by other states
The key to the Westphalian system was that each state was__.
Sovereign
Under law of war, war was permissible against whom?
Non-Christian groups
How did nationalism change the territorial delineations in Europe, specifically in regards to Germany and Italy?
It united smaller states into larger states based on ethnic and linguistic
What is the definition of a State?
An entity with defined territory in which a single government has authority
Many world executives are constrained in their ability to declare without approval from
The legislature
Which of the following is not a limit of bounded rationality?
Input of ideas from social media sources
When using the expected utility theory, what is the goal of the actor?
Achieve the highest payoff with the highest probability to achieve the goal
Which of the following social influences does not determine national interests
A single average person
Most US citizens pay significant attention to FP (whether domestic or international). T/F
False
The Lesson of Munich is to:
Confront hostile leaders early to avoid costly wars
In the dyadic Democratic peace theory, what are the 2 following that asserted?
Democracies tend to not fight other democracies, Democracies are just as warlike as autocracies
Which of following is not a zone of peace?
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
If a major vote on some foreign policy (war, trade, ect.) is coming up, what tactic may an interest group take to influence a politician?
All of the answers
Which of the following will the US public listen to the least?
Elected officials
When an actor tries to convince themselves that they made the correct decision, this is known as:
Bolstering
War may be used to distract a public from a country’s authoritarian tendencies. T/F
True
Why is “clickbait” used?
To get viewers to open a source/article
In cognitive dissonance, what new information is presented?
It is discredited or reinterpreted to confirm the data
In fundamental attribution bias theory, actors are more likely to mistake a peaceful state for an aggressive state. T/F
True
What type of leader is likely to have low audience costs if a war is long and drawn out?
Authoritarian
Prospect theorists are more likely to take risks to achieve gains. T/F
False
The need for FP decision-makers to agree on a solution quickly instead of debating or exploring other options leads to:
Groupthink
What is a consequence of bureaucratic politics between intelligence and law enforcement agencies in many countries?
The coordination of and intelligence sharing among agencies is hindered
What is a major issue with getting to choose the news that we read/see according to the book?
We’re unlikely to encounter opinions or topics that we aren’t familiar with or disagree with
Expropriation of goods/investments means:
Firms are forced by host governments to sell their investments for less than they a worth
Which of the following is not a task of Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)?
Establish transnational firms
Which of the following does not describe an International Governmental Organization (IGO)?
Large international standing military
The “Great Powers” have what advantage over other in the UN Security Council?
The right to veto
__ is decision reached between governments and __ delegates decision making to an international organization.
Intergovernmentalism; supranationalism
If the EU is a case of supranationalism because it has legislative, executive and judicial branches. T/F
True
While the UN can consider any issue and create statues, what is the biggest issue surrounding this?
There are no means to force compliance
The founding treat of the present day EU was:
Treaty of Rome
In the modern state system, how is a country recognized as a sovereign state?
Membership in the UN
Transnational Corporations (TNCs)/ Multinational Corporations (MNCs) often transfer resources country-to-country to escape government policies unfriendly to them, such as high rates. T/F
True
New democracies are more prone to waging war than established democracies. T/F
True
What are the three countries included in former President G.W. Bush’s “Axis of Evil”?
Iran, North Korea, Iraq
Political scientists struggle to explain why some find the Islamic State’s (ISIS) form of rule legitimate. T/F
True
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) is able to guarantee which of the following?
That countries are meeting their committments
According to the expected utility theory, a state goes to war when:
It is in the best interests of the state to do so
The refugee crisis as a result of the Darfur Conflict (North Sudan) led for a movement of refugees to neighboring Chad and South Sudan. This is known as:
Conflict spillover
What are the two reason explain why people engage in civil wars?
Grievances (or perceived grievances), Access to resources
Realists believe insecurity and war revolve around:
The distribution of power at any given time
The sinking of the Lusitania is considered an event leading the US into WWI. Events such as this are known as:
Proximate causes
When does peacekeeping begin?
when 2 sides want to avoid war and agree they want to stop fighting
