Midterm (Terms) Flashcards
What is the instrument and and unit to measure mass
Triple Beam Balance - g
What is the instrument and and unit to measure temperature
Thermometer - C
What is the instrument and and unit to measure volume
Flasks - cm^3 - mL
What is the instrument and and unit to measure distance
Meter stick - m
Define qualitative and give an example
Relating to measuring based on the quality of something rather than the quantity Ex. Opinion on cheese pizza from a restaurant
Define quantitative and give an example
Based on measure of quantity Ex. The amount of pizzas a restaurant makes in an hour
Define extensive and give an example
A property than changes based on the amount of a sample Ex. Mass
Define Intensive and give an example
A property that does not change based on the amount of a sample Ex. Density
Define a Solid
Solids have fixed shapes and volumes have low energy and vibrate at a low frequency
Define a Liquid
Liquids have varied shapes and fixed volumes have medium energy and rotate, vibration, and translate
Define a Gas
Gasses have varied shapes and volumes have high energy and rotate, vibration, and translate
Define an Element and give an example
A pure substance made up of one atom Ex. H
Define a homogenous mixture
A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture Ex. Salt Water
Define a heterogenous mixture
A mixture in which the composition is NOT uniform throughout the mixture Ex. Veggie Soup
Define a compound
A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically bound ex. Water (H20)
Define a molecule
An individual unit composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded in a set ratio Ex. H20
What are the 4 parts of Daltons Atomic theory and how did it change
- All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are indivisible.
(Thomson’s discovery of the Electron proved the existence of subatomic particles.) - All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
(Atoms of the same element can have different masses because the number of neutrons and vary for different isotopes) - Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
- A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
What can be determined by Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom or isotope
What can be determined by Mass Number
The number of protons + number of neutrons
What can be determined by Atomic Mass
The average mass of all isotopes
What is the Nuclear Symbol made up of
Letter = Chemical Symbol Ex. H
Top Number = Mass Number
Bottom Number = Atomic Number
What is an isotope
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
What are the general characteristics of ionic compounds
-High melting points
-Hard and brittle
-Ionic compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved into water
-Only form between metals and non-metals
What are the general characteristics of covalent compounds
-Relatively low melting points and boiling points
-Exist as gases or liquids or soft solids
-Insoluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents
-They are non-conductors of electricity in solid or liquid states
