Midterm (Terms)

Question 1

What is the instrument and and unit to measure mass

Answer 1

Triple Beam Balance - g

Question 2

What is the instrument and and unit to measure temperature

Answer 2

Thermometer - C

Question 3

What is the instrument and and unit to measure volume

Answer 3

Flasks - cm^3 - mL

Question 4

What is the instrument and and unit to measure distance

Answer 4

Meter stick - m

Question 5

Define qualitative and give an example

Answer 5

Relating to measuring based on the quality of something rather than the quantity Ex. Opinion on cheese pizza from a restaurant

Question 6

Define quantitative and give an example

Answer 6

Based on measure of quantity Ex. The amount of pizzas a restaurant makes in an hour

Question 7

Define extensive and give an example

Answer 7

A property than changes based on the amount of a sample Ex. Mass

Question 8

Define Intensive and give an example

Answer 8

A property that does not change based on the amount of a sample Ex. Density

Question 9

Define a Solid

Answer 9

Solids have fixed shapes and volumes have low energy and vibrate at a low frequency

Question 10

Define a Liquid

Answer 10

Liquids have varied shapes and fixed volumes have medium energy and rotate, vibration, and translate

Question 11

Define a Gas

Answer 11

Gasses have varied shapes and volumes have high energy and rotate, vibration, and translate

Question 12

Define an Element and give an example

Answer 12

A pure substance made up of one atom Ex. H

Question 13

Define a homogenous mixture

Answer 13

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture Ex. Salt Water

Question 14

Define a heterogenous mixture

Answer 14

A mixture in which the composition is NOT uniform throughout the mixture Ex. Veggie Soup

Question 15

Define a compound

Answer 15

A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically bound ex. Water (H20)

Question 16

Define a molecule

Answer 16

An individual unit composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded in a set ratio Ex. H20

Question 17

What are the 4 parts of Daltons Atomic theory and how did it change

Answer 17

1. All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are indivisible.
   (Thomson’s discovery of the Electron proved the existence of subatomic particles.)
2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
   (Atoms of the same element can have different masses because the number of neutrons and vary for different isotopes)
3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

Question 18

What can be determined by Atomic Number

Answer 18

The number of protons in an atom or isotope

Question 19

What can be determined by Mass Number

Answer 19

The number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 20

What can be determined by Atomic Mass

Answer 20

The average mass of all isotopes

Question 21

What is the Nuclear Symbol made up of

Answer 21

Letter = Chemical Symbol Ex. H
Top Number = Mass Number
Bottom Number = Atomic Number

Question 22

What is an isotope

Answer 22

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Question 23

What are the general characteristics of ionic compounds

Answer 23

-High melting points
-Hard and brittle
-Ionic compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved into water
-Only form between metals and non-metals

Question 24

What are the general characteristics of covalent compounds

Answer 24

-Relatively low melting points and boiling points
-Exist as gases or liquids or soft solids
-Insoluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents
-They are non-conductors of electricity in solid or liquid states

Question 25

Why is the mole so important to Chemistry and what number is associated with it

Answer 25

It allows chemists to work with the subatomic world with macro units. 6.022 x 10^23

Question 26

General characteristics of Metals

Answer 26

High melting points and conductivity, malleable, sheen, solid at room temp

Question 27

General characteristics of Non-Metals

Answer 27

Poor conductors, not malleable solid, liquid and gas at room temp

Question 28

General characteristics of Metalloids

Answer 28

Sheen, semi-decent conducers, solid at room temp, brittle